Ramazani Verlain Deyou v. MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General

NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
RAMAZANI VERLAIN DEYOU,
Petitioner,
v.
MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney
General,
Respondent.
No. 18-72220
Agency No. A213-080-721
MEMORANDUM*
On Petition for Review of an Order of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
Argued and Submitted March 11, 2021
San Francisco, California
Before: McKEOWN, IKUTA, and BRESS, Circuit Judges.
Ramazani Deyou, a native and citizen of the Democratic Republic of the
Congo (Congo), seeks review of the decision of the Board of Immigration Appeals
(BIA) that affirmed the decision of the immigration judge (IJ) denying his
application for asylum, withholding of removal, and relief under the Convention
FILED
MAR 17 2021
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

-- 1 of 4 --

Against Torture (CAT). We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252, and we deny
the petition for review.
The IJ’s determination that Deyou has not suffered past persecution is
supported by substantial evidence. See Duran-Rodriguez v. Barr, 918 F.3d 1025,
1028–29 (9th Cir. 2019). Although Deyou claimed that the persons who killed his
brother and damaged his office were members of the presidential guard and
presented country conditions reports mentioning a later attack in Kinshasa on an
office run by Deyou’s political party, the IJ’s determination that the identity of the
perpetrators was unknown was supported by the record, given that Deyou’s claim
was based on third-hand information (a neighbor’s statement to Deyou’s uncle)
and Deyou’s own speculations. Contrary to Deyou’s assertions, the IJ was not
required to conclude that Deyou had met his burden of proof simply because the IJ
found that Deyou subjectively believed that it was the presidential guards who
attacked his office. See, e.g., Castro-Perez v. Gonzales, 409 F.3d 1069, 1072 (9th
Cir. 2005) (holding that a petitioner’s credible testimony and country conditions
report were insufficient to meet petitioner’s burden for asylum and withholding of
removal). Moreover, the record establishes that the presidential guard had not
harmed, harassed or threatened Deyou while he was in the Congo despite his open
protest activities. The IJ’s determination that Deyou did not suffer past persecution
2

-- 2 of 4 --

by the government or forces that the government was “unwilling or unable to
control” was therefore supported by substantial evidence. See Ahmed v. Keisler,
504 F.3d 1183, 1191 (9th Cir. 2007).
The record also does not compel the conclusion that Deyou has a well-
founded fear of future persecution if he returns to Congo. See Duran-Rodriguez,
918 F.3d at 1029. Deyou testified that after he and his parents had left the Congo,
soldiers threatened that someone in Deyou’s family would “pay” if Deyou did not
return, and his mother told him that the presidential guard threatened to hurt her if
she did not tell them where Deyou had fled, but such vague, indirect threats are
insufficient to establish a well-founded fear of future persecution.
Mendez-Gutierrez v. Gonzales, 444 F.3d 1168, 1171–72 (9th Cir. 2006). Because
Deyou has not established a well-founded fear of future persecution, he also has
not demonstrated a “clear probability” of future persecution for withholding of
removal. See Viridiana v. Holder, 646 F.3d 1230, 1239 (9th Cir. 2011).
Deyou has not established a claim for CAT relief because he has not
demonstrated that he is more likely than not to face torture upon removal to Congo.
See 8 C.F.R. § 208.16(c)(2). Given that Deyou did not suffer physical harm while
in Congo and the country reports in the record contained only generalized incidents
of violence, the record does not compel the conclusion that Deyou is entitled to
3

-- 3 of 4 --

CAT relief. See Flores-Vega v. Barr, 932 F.3d 878, 886 (9th Cir. 2019);
Kamalthas v. INS, 251 F.3d 1279, 1283 (9th Cir. 2001).
PETITION DENIED.
4

-- 4 of 4 --