Lara Shapiro, on her own behalf v. Citibank, N.a.

NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
LARA SHAPIRO, on her own behalf and
as nominee for injured depositors in her
non-segregated attorney client trust
account (the Iolta Account),
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
CITIBANK, N.A.,
Defendant-Appellee,
and
JALEH RAD, Nominal Defendant against
whom no claims are made herein; BEN
RAD, Nominal Defendant against whom
no claims are made herein; DOES, 1-50,
Defendants.
No. 20-55934
D.C. No.
2:18-cv-09945-FMO-AGR
MEMORANDUM*
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Central District of California
Fernando M. Olguin, District Judge, Presiding
FILED
MAY 17 2021
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

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Submitted May 13, 2021**
Pasadena, California
Before: BYBEE and BRESS, Circuit Judges, and CARDONE,*** District Judge.
Appellant Lara Shapiro challenges a district court order denying her motion
to remand this suit against defendant-appellee Citibank, N.A. The district court
had jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1332, and we have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C.
§ 1291. We review de novo whether the district court had subject matter
jurisdiction over the underlying action. Hajro v. USCIS, 811 F.3d 1086, 1098 (9th
Cir. 2016). We likewise review de novo the denial of a motion to remand for lack
of removal jurisdiction. United Comput. Sys., Inc. v. AT&T Corp., 298 F.3d 756,
760 (9th Cir. 2002). The district court’s findings of fact, however, receive clear-
error review and will only by disturbed if we are “left with the definite and firm
conviction that a mistake has been committed.” Gonzalez-Caballero v. Mena, 251
F.3d 789, 792 (9th Cir. 2001). We affirm.
Assuming Shapiro has preserved the issue for our review, the district court
correctly held that the Rads were nominal parties, so that the requirements of 28
U.S.C. § 1446(b)(2) did not apply. Parties lacking a concrete interest in an
** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
*** The Honorable Kathleen Cardone, United States District Judge for the
Western District of Texas, sitting by designation.
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underlying action may be deemed nominal parties for removal purposes. See
Strotek Corp. v. Air Transp. Ass’n of Am., 300 F.3d 1129, 1132 (9th Cir. 2002)
(“the presence of a . . . nominal party [cannot] defeat removal on diversity
grounds”); see also Nominal Party, BLACK’S LAW DICTIONARY (11th ed. 2019).
This includes a party against whom no claims are brought, S.E.C. v. Colello, 139
F.3d 674, 676 (9th Cir. 1998), and whose role is limited to “that of a stakeholder”
in the underlying action, Hewitt v. City of Stanton, 798 F.2d 1230, 1233 (9th Cir.
1986).
The Rads did not make an appearance in the underlying action, did not have
any claims brought against them, and did not participate in the underlying case in
any meaningful way. Such inaction demonstrates that the Rads lacked the “vital
interest” necessary to avoid being deemed nominal parties. See Lincoln Prop. Co.
v. Roche, 546 U.S. 81, 92–93 (2005). Nor can Shapiro shield the Rads from
nominal-party status by claiming they are real parties in interest. Under California
law, a beneficiary to an express trust is not a real party in interest absent
circumstances not present here. See Saks v. Damon Raike & Co., 8 Cal. Rptr. 2d
869, 874 (Cal. Ct. App. 1992). And “[t]here can be no reasonable dispute that an
attorney’s client trust account is an express trust.” Prakashpalan v. Engstrom,
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Lipscomb & Lack, 167 Cal. Rptr. 3d 832, 848 (Cal. Ct. App. 2014). The Rads
were nominal parties in this action, and § 1446(b)(2) thus did not apply.
Even if we thought the Rads could be considered adverse parties for
purposes of 28 U.S.C. § 1446(d), Citibank’s failure to notify them of removal was
merely a procedural defect, which Shapiro waived. See Libhart v. Santa Monica
Dairy Co., 592 F.2d 1062, 1065 (9th Cir. 1979) (“Procedural defects in the
removal of an action may be waived by the failure to make a timely objection
before the case proceeds to the merits.”). Such waiver may be explicit or implicit.
See Smith v. Mylan Inc., 761 F.3d 1042, 1046 (9th Cir. 2014). Although Shapiro
sought remand before this case proceeded to the merits, she did not advise the
district court of Citibank’s failure to cure or renew her objection to removal until
several months after the one-year removal window expired. When Shapiro’s
counsel finally revived the issue, he did so to escape an adverse judgment due to
his months of inaction in the case. Shapiro had thus forfeited her objection to any
defect in the removal process.
AFFIRMED.
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