John Ho, an individual v. Nick Floutsis, in his individual capacity

NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
JOHN HO, an individual,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
NICK FLOUTSIS, in his individual capacity
and as trustee of the Floutsis Family Trust;
ANGIE FLOUTIS, in her individual capacity
and as trustee of the Floutsis Family Trust,
Defendants-Appellees.
No. 20-56017
D.C. No.
8:20-cv-00472-JLS-JDE
MEMORANDUM*
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Central District of California
Josephine L. Staton, District Judge, Presiding
Submitted June 10, 2022**
Pasadena, California
Before: M. SMITH, BADE, and VANDYKE, Circuit Judges.
Plaintiff John Ho appeals the district court’s order declining to exercise
supplemental jurisdiction over his California Unruh Civil Rights Act claim under 28
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
FILED
JUN 13 2022
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

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U.S.C. § 1367(c)(4). We lack jurisdiction to address the merits of this appeal and
dismiss the case on those grounds.
Even when not briefed by the parties, “this court has an independent
obligation to address sua sponte whether we have subject matter jurisdiction.”
Allstate Ins. Co. v. Hughes, 358 F.3d 1089, 1093 (9th Cir. 2004). This court lacks
jurisdiction over the immediate appeal because Ho filed a notice of voluntary
dismissal without prejudice before later attempting to file another voluntary
dismissal with prejudice. The first dismissal is operative and deprives this court of
jurisdiction.
First, a “voluntary dismissal without prejudice is ordinarily not a final
judgment from which the plaintiff may appeal.” Concha v. London, 62 F.3d 1493,
1507 (9th Cir. 1995). No exception to the general rule is present here, which means
Ho is incorrect to assert that this court has jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291.
Second, Ho’s voluntary dismissal without prejudice under Federal Rule of
Civil Procedure 41(a)(1) “automatically terminates the action, and thus federal
jurisdiction, without judicial involvement.” Com. Space Mgmt. Co. v. Boeing Co.,
193 F.3d 1074, 1076 (9th Cir. 1999). “The action is terminated at that point, as if
no action had ever been filed.” Id. at 1080. The second notice of dismissal, which
Ho claims vests our court with jurisdiction, therefore had no effect and is not
appealable. See 9 Charles Alan Wright & Arthur R. Miller, Federal Practice and

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Procedure § 2367 (4th ed. 2022) (“After the filing of a dismissal, the action no
longer is pending, and generally no further proceedings in the action are proper.”).
Ho’s appeal is DISMISSED for lack of jurisdiction.

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