Francisco Javier Rodriguez-Laborin v. Merrick B. Garland, U.S. Attorney General

NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
Francisco Javier Rodriguez-Laborin,
Petitioner,
v.
Merrick B. Garland, U.S. Attorney
General,
Respondent.
No. 21-728
Agency No. A205-855-891
MEMORANDUM*
On Petition for Review of an Order of the
Immigration Judge
Submitted April 20, 2023**
Submission Vacated May 24, 2023
Resubmitted September 14, 2023
Phoenix, Arizona
Before: TALLMAN, OWENS, and BADE, Circuit Judges.
Francisco Javier Rodriguez-Laborin, a native and citizen of Mexico,
petitions for review of the determination of an immigration judge (IJ) that he
did not have a reasonable fear of persecution or torture in Mexico and therefore
is not entitled to relief from his reinstated removal order. See 8 C.F.R.
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not
precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
FILED
SEP 14 2023
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

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§ 1208.31(a). We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252. See Alonso-Juarez
v. Garland, No. 15-72821, --- F.4th---, 2023 WL 5811043, at *6 (9th Cir. Sept.
8, 2023). We review “the IJ’s determination that the alien did not establish a
reasonable fear of persecution or torture for substantial evidence.” Bartolome v.
Sessions, 904 F.3d 803, 811 (9th Cir. 2018). Under this standard, we must
uphold the IJ’s conclusion unless “any reasonable adjudicator would be
compelled to conclude to the contrary.” Id. (quoting Andrade-Garcia v. Lynch,
828 F.3d 829, 833 (9th Cir. 2016)). We deny the petition for review.
1. Substantial evidence supports the IJ’s finding that Rodriguez-
Laborin did not establish a reasonable fear of persecution because he failed to
demonstrate a nexus between any past or future harm and a protected ground.
See 8 C.F.R. § 208.31(c). The IJ properly confirmed and addressed Rodriguez-
Laborin’s proposed social group, as articulated by counsel. See Matter of W-Y-
C- & H-O-B-, 27 I. & N. Dec. 189, 191 (BIA 2018) (holding that an applicant
has the burden of establishing his claim for relief—including specifying the
enumerated ground upon which his claim relies and articulating any particular
social groups—on the record before the IJ, who should clarify if the proposed
social group is unclear). The IJ then concluded that the drug traffickers who
threatened Rodriguez-Laborin and demanded money acted for financial gain,
which is not a protected ground. Substantial evidence supports this finding.
See Zetino v. Holder, 622 F.3d 1007, 1016 (9th Cir. 2010) (“An alien’s desire to
be free from harassment by criminals motivated by theft or random violence by

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gang members bears no nexus to a protected ground.”); Bartolome, 904 F.3d at
814 (“First, gangs did not target [the petitioner] based on a protected ground.
Rather, the gangs targeted him because they perceived him to have money,
which we have not recognized as a cognizable social group.”).
2. Substantial evidence supports the IJ’s finding that Rodriguez-
Laborin failed to establish a reasonable fear of torture because he did not show
that any torture would occur with the consent or acquiescence of a public
official. See 8 C.F.R. § 208.18(a)(1). Although Rodriguez-Laborin is correct
that an applicant is not required to “report his alleged torture to public officials
to qualify for relief under CAT,” Ornelas-Chavez v. Gonzales, 458 F.3d 1052,
1060 (9th Cir. 2006), the IJ did not err in considering Rodriguez-Laborin’s
failure to file a police report when evaluating whether the police breached their
legal duty to prevent any torture, 8 C.F.R. § 1208.18(a)(7). See Garcia-Milian
v. Holder, 755 F.3d 1026, 1034 (9th Cir. 2014) (holding that the record did not
compel a finding of acquiescence when police declined to investigate
petitioner’s report that she had been attacked by masked men because they
lacked sufficient information to investigate). And although Rodriguez-Laborin
testified that the police “don’t really pay attention” to police reports and that his
cousins told him the police “work together” with traffickers, this evidence does
not compel the conclusion that the government would acquiesce in any torture.
Cf. Alvarado-Herrera v. Garland, 993 F.3d 1187, 1196–97 (9th Cir. 2021) (IJ’s
finding not supported by substantial evidence where petitioner “described

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conditions of widespread police corruption” and “offered details that
corroborated” this claim, including that the gang members who carried out the
attack in his case “were dressed in police uniforms and displayed police badges
to gain access to a private residential complex,” suggesting that his assertions
were “based on more than mere idle speculation or rumor”).
PETITION DENIED.

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