In re N. A.

************************************************
The “officially released” date that appears near the
beginning of an opinion is the date the opinion will be
published in the Connecticut Law Journal or the date it
is released as a slip opinion. The operative date for the
beginning of all time periods for the filing of postopin-
ion motions and petitions for certification is the “offi-
cially released” date appearing in the opinion.
All opinions are subject to modification and technical
correction prior to official publication in the Connecti-
cut Law Journal and subsequently in the Connecticut
Reports or Connecticut Appellate Reports. In the event
of discrepancies between the advance release version of
an opinion and the version appearing in the Connecti-
cut Law Journal and subsequently in the Connecticut
Reports or Connecticut Appellate Reports, the latest
version is to be considered authoritative.
The syllabus and procedural history accompanying
an opinion that appear in the Connecticut Law Jour-
nal and subsequently in the Connecticut Reports or
Connecticut Appellate Reports are copyrighted by the
Secretary of the State, State of Connecticut, and may
not be reproduced or distributed without the express
written permission of the Commission on Official Legal
Publications, Judicial Branch, State of Connecticut.
************************************************
Page 0 CONNECTICUT LAW JOURNAL 0, 0

2 ,0 0 Conn. App. 1
In re N. A.

IN RE N. A.*
(AC 48224)
Cradle, C. J., and Alvord and Wilson, Js.

Syllabus

The respondent mother appealed from the trial court’s judgment terminating
her parental rights with respect to her minor child. The mother claimed
that the court improperly determined that she had failed to achieve a suffi-
cient degree of personal rehabilitation, pursuant to statute (§ 17a-112 (j) (3)
(B) (i)), as would encourage the belief that she could assume a responsible
position in the child’s life within a reasonable period of time. Held:

The trial court properly found, by clear and convincing evidence, that the
Department of Children and Families had made reasonable efforts to reunify
the respondent mother with the child, the department having referred the
mother for numerous services over the course of two years to address her
alcohol use and history of intimate partner violence.

The evidence was sufficient to support the trial court’s determination that
the respondent mother had failed to achieve the requisite degree of personal
rehabilitation pursuant to § 17a-112 (j) (3) (B) (i), as the court, in reaching
its conclusion, did not improperly rely, as the mother contended, on mes-
sages she had sent to her incarcerated husband, who had assaulted her with
a motor vehicle, that expressed her continued romantic commitment to him
and referenced her continued alcohol use, and her claim that those messages
undermined the testimony of the department’s workers at trial constituted
an improper request for this court to reweigh the evidence.

The trial court’s conclusion that termination of the respondent mother’s
parental rights was in the child’s best interest was not clearly erroneous,
as the court made written findings regarding each of the factors enumerated
in § 17a-112 (k), and, contrary to the respondent’s claim, it did not misstate
the law regarding the role of the minor child’s attorney, as no party argued

* In accordance with the spirit and intent of General Statutes § 46b-142
(b) and Practice Book § 79a-12, the names of the parties involved in this
appeal are not disclosed. The records and papers of this case shall be open
for inspection only to persons having a proper interest therein and upon
order of the court.
Moreover, in accordance with federal law; see 18 U.S.C. § 2265 (d) (3)
(2018), as amended by the Violence Against Women Act Reauthorization
Act of 2022, Pub. L. No. 117-103, § 106, 136 Stat. 49, 851; we decline to
identify any person protected or sought to be protected under a protection
order, protective order, or a restraining order that was issued or applied
for, or others through whom that person’s identity may be ascertained.
0, 0 CONNECTICUT LAW JOURNAL Page 1

0 Conn. App. 1 ,0 3
In re N. A.
that the child’s rights and best interest did not coincide or moved for the
appointment of a guardian ad litem for the child.
Argued May 19—officially released June 24, 2025**

Procedural History

Petition by the Commissioner of Children and Fami-
lies to terminate the respondents’ parental rights with
respect to their minor child, brought to the Superior
Court in the judicial district of Hartford, Juvenile Mat-
ters, and tried to the court, Anker, J.; judgment terminat-
ing the respondents’ parental rights, from which the
respondent mother appealed to this court. Affirmed.
Matthew C. Eagan, assigned counsel, for the appel-
lant (respondent mother).
Nisa J. Khan, assistant attorney general, with whom,
on the brief, were William Tong, attorney general, and
Rafeena Bacchus Lee, assistant attorney general, for
the appellee (petitioner).
Stein M. Helmrich, assigned counsel, for the minor
child.
Opinion

ALVORD, J. The respondent mother, L. A., appeals
from the judgment of the trial court rendered in favor
of the petitioner, the Commissioner of Children and
Families, terminating her parental rights with respect
to her minor child, N. A.,1 on the ground that the respon-
dent had failed to achieve a sufficient degree of personal
rehabilitation, pursuant to General Statutes § 17a-112
(j) (3) (B) (i). On appeal, the respondent claims that the
court improperly determined that (1) the Department
of Children and Families (department) made reasonable
** June 24, 2025, the date that this decision was released as a slip opinion,
is the operative date for all substantive and procedural purposes.
1
The respondent father, K. M., consented to the termination of his parental
rights, and he is not participating in this appeal. Accordingly, all references
to the respondent are to L. A. only.
Page 2 CONNECTICUT LAW JOURNAL 0, 0

4 ,0 0 Conn. App. 1
In re N. A.

efforts to reunify her with the child, (2) she failed to
rehabilitate sufficiently, and (3) termination of her
parental rights was in the child’s best interest.2 We
affirm the judgment of the trial court.
The following facts, as found by the trial court, and
procedural history are relevant to our resolution of
this appeal. The child was born in October, 2016. The
department’s most recent involvement with the respon-
dent began in April, 2022,3 when the respondent was
arrested for driving under the influence while the child
was in the vehicle. ‘‘When [department] investigator
Erin Wasicki spoke to [the respondent] the following
day in court, [she] denied that she was under the influ-
ence at the time. She minimized the incident by charac-
terizing it as ‘hilarious,’ and saying the judge was laugh-
ing and told her it was all a misunderstanding. However,
the charges were not dropped. Indeed, the respondent
. . . was eventually sentenced in January, 2024, to one
year in jail, execution suspended after thirty days, with
two years of probation. . . . Wasicki also spoke to fam-
ily and friends who expressed concerns regarding the
respondent’s . . . alcohol use.’’
The department also learned of possible intimate
partner violence against the respondent by her husband,
J. G. When Wasicki went to the respondent’s home in
April, 2022, J. G. was upstairs. The respondent ‘‘claimed
he was her boyfriend, he did not live with her, and he
had nothing to do with [the department’s] involvement.
She refused to allow access to J. G. and provided two
2
The attorney for the minor child filed a statement adopting the position
of the petitioner.
3
The department’s previous involvement with the respondent dates back
to 2016, due to concerns of substance use by the respondent and intimate
partner violence against the respondent by the child’s father, K. M. In 2018,
the child was adjudicated neglected and was committed to the custody of
the petitioner. In 2019, the child was reunified with the respondent under
a period of protective supervision, which expired later in 2019.
0, 0 CONNECTICUT LAW JOURNAL Page 3

0 Conn. App. 1 ,0 5
In re N. A.

different birth dates for him in an apparent attempt to
hide his true identity. A search of [department] records
revealed that J. G. had been found by [the department]
to be the perpetrator of interpersonal violence against
three other partners, with the most recent incident
occurring in 2020, and he had pending charges for nar-
cotics, strangulation, and risk of injury to a minor.’’

On April 18, 2022, the department filed an ex parte
request for an order of temporary custody and a neglect
petition. The order of temporary custody was sustained
on April 22, 2022.

‘‘On June 5, 2022, two months into the most recent
[department] involvement, there was an incident of
interpersonal violence between the respondent . . .
and J. G. They were both drinking, they had an argu-
ment, and J. G. attempted to leave in the [respondent’s]
car. When the respondent . . . tried to stop him from
leaving, she was dragged by the car. This resulted in
severe injuries to the respondent . . . including a
degloved hand,4 broken fingers, and a left leg injury.
When J. G. was arrested, he was found to be in posses-
sion of fentanyl. J. G. was incarcerated on June 25,
2022, after the incident with the car. The respondent
. . . maintains to this day that this was an accident and
it was all her fault.’’ (Footnote in original.)

The child was adjudicated neglected and committed
to the custody of the petitioner on July 21, 2022. The
court provided the respondent with specific steps to
facilitate her reunification with the child. ‘‘[The respon-
dent] has made efforts over the past two years to comply
with and complete them, although she has not been
fully successful, as she has failed to gain sufficient
4
‘‘This is an injury where the top layer of skin is torn away from the
underlying muscle.’’
Page 4 CONNECTICUT LAW JOURNAL 0, 0

6 ,0 0 Conn. App. 1
In re N. A.

insight into her alcoholism or exposure to intimate part-
ner violence. She has also consistently refused to part-
ner with [the department] for an assessment of her
husband.’’
On August 3, 2023, the petitioner filed a petition to
terminate the respondent’s parental rights with respect
to the child on the grounds that the child previously
had been adjudicated neglected and that the respondent
had failed to achieve a sufficient degree of rehabilitation
pursuant to § 17a-112 (j) (3) (B). The court, Anker, J.,
held a trial on the petition on July 25, 2024. The peti-
tioner presented the testimony of Joshua Burns, an
officer with the Department of Correction, who testified
regarding messages between the respondent and J. G.,
transmitted while J. G. was incarcerated. Copies of the
messages were admitted into evidence without objec-
tion, among other documentary evidence. The petitioner
also presented the testimony of Wasicki; Tashawna
Mitchell, an investigative social worker with the depart-
ment; and Vanessa Lopez, a department social worker.
The respondent testified and presented the testimony
of Christina Ferrante, a licensed professional counselor.
On September 27, 2024, the court issued a memoran-
dum of decision in which it terminated the respondent’s
parental rights. The court found by clear and convincing
evidence that the department had made reasonable
efforts to reunify the respondent with the child and that
the respondent was unable to benefit from reunification
efforts.5
5
On appeal, the respondent argues that the court did not make a finding
that she was unable to benefit from services that the department offered.
The respondent argues that ‘‘[t]he closest the trial court comes to such a
conclusion is in the dispositional section [of its memorandum of decision]
concerning [her] efforts to adjust her circumstances to make it in the best
interest of the minor to be returned to the respondent . . . .’’ The petitioner
responds that the court found by ‘‘clear and convincing evidence that,
although [the department] made efforts to reunify with her, the respondent
. . . has been unable to benefit from reunification efforts.’’ The petitioner
further maintains that it is inconsequential that the finding ‘‘appears outside
0, 0 CONNECTICUT LAW JOURNAL Page 5

0 Conn. App. 1 ,0 7
In re N. A.

The court also found that the respondent had failed
to achieve an appropriate degree of personal rehabilita-
tion as would encourage the belief that, within a reason-
able time, she could assume a responsible position in
the child’s life. Finally, the court found by clear and
convincing evidence that termination of the respon-
dent’s parental rights was in the child’s best interest.
This appeal followed. Additional facts and procedural
history will be set forth as necessary.
I
The respondent first argues that the court erred in
concluding that the department made reasonable
efforts to reunify her with the child.6 We are not per-
suaded.
of the trial court’s section on reasonable efforts’’ in the memorandum of
decision and cites the well established principle that ‘‘an opinion must be
read as a whole, without particular portions read in isolation, to discern
the parameters of its holding.’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.) In re
Jason R., 306 Conn. 438, 453, 51 A.3d 334 (2012).
Because we conclude that the court properly found, on the basis of clear
and convincing evidence, that the department made reasonable efforts to
reunify the respondent and the child, we need not reach the merits of the
respondent’s claim that the court did not make a finding that she was unable
to benefit from services. ‘‘Pursuant to § 17a-112 (j) (1), the petitioner must
prove either that the department has made reasonable efforts to reunify
or, alternatively, that the parent is unwilling or unable to benefit from
reunification efforts. . . . Section 17a-112 (j) clearly provides that the peti-
tioner is not required to prove both circumstances. Rather, either showing
is sufficient to satisfy this statutory element.’’ (Citation omitted; emphasis
in original; internal quotation marks omitted.) In re Ryder M., 211 Conn.
App. 793, 808 n.7, 274 A.3d 218, cert. denied, 343 Conn. 931, 276 A.3d 433
(2022); see id. (declining to address claim that court improperly determined
that respondent was unable or unwilling to benefit from reunification efforts
in light of determination that court properly found that department had
made reasonable efforts to reunify respondent and child).
6
The respondent also challenges the constitutionality of General Statutes
§§ 17a-111b and 17a-112 (j). Specifically, she contends that the statutory
interplay between these sections ‘‘allows for an impermissible end run
around the clear and convincing evidentiary standard required, as a matter
of due process, in all termination hearings.’’ According to the respondent,
‘‘the statutory scheme requires the department to prove it made reasonable
efforts to reunify the respondent with [her] child by clear and convincing
Page 6 CONNECTICUT LAW JOURNAL 0, 0

8 ,0 0 Conn. App. 1
In re N. A.

‘‘[Section] 17a-112 (j) (1) requires that before termi-
nating parental rights, the court must find by clear and
convincing evidence that the department has made rea-
sonable efforts to locate the parent and to reunify the
child with the parent, unless the court finds in this
proceeding that the parent is unable or unwilling to
benefit from reunification efforts provided such finding
is not required if the court has determined at a hearing
. . . that such efforts are not appropriate . . . . Thus,
the department may meet its burden concerning reunifi-
cation in one of three ways: (1) by showing that it made
such efforts, (2) by showing that the parent was unable
or unwilling to benefit from reunification efforts or (3)
by a previous judicial determination that such efforts
were not appropriate. . . . [I]n determining whether
the department has made reasonable efforts to reunify
a parent and a child . . . the court is required in the
adjudicatory phase to make its assessment on the basis
of events preceding the date on which the termination
evidence unless the court has approved a permanency plan other than
reunification. But at the permanency plan hearing, the department is merely
required to satisfy its burden, including that it has made reasonable efforts
to reunify the parent with the child . . . by a mere preponderance of the
evidence.’’
In the present case, the court did not relieve the petitioner of her burden
of proving that the department made reasonable efforts at reunification.
Instead, the court found, by clear and convincing evidence, that, ‘‘although
[the department] made efforts to reunify [the child] with her, the respondent
. . . has been unable to benefit from reunification efforts.’’ Because the
court expressly found, on the basis of clear and convincing evidence, that
the department made reasonable efforts to reunify the respondent and the
child and we affirm that finding, we need not address the respondent’s
constitutional claim. See In re Kyreese L., 220 Conn. App. 705, 714–15 n.6,
299 A.3d 296 (declining to address constitutional challenge to statutory
scheme because court properly found, on basis of clear and convincing
evidence, that department made reasonable efforts to reunify respondent
and child), cert. denied, 348 Conn. 901, 300 A.3d 1166 (2023); In re Timothy
B., 219 Conn. App. 823, 828 n.5, 296 A.3d 342 (noting that Connecticut courts
‘‘follow the recognized policy of self-restraint and the basic judicial duty to
eschew unnecessary determinations of constitutional questions’’ (internal
quotation marks omitted)), cert. denied, 349 Conn. 919, 318 A.3d 439 (2023).
0, 0 CONNECTICUT LAW JOURNAL Page 7

0 Conn. App. 1 ,0 9
In re N. A.

petition was filed. . . . [T]he court, [w]hen making its
reasonable efforts determination . . . is limited to con-
sidering only those facts preceding the filing of the
termination petition or the most recent amendment to
the petition . . . .’’ (Internal quotation marks omitted.)
In re Kyreese L., 220 Conn. App. 705, 715, 299 A.3d 296,
cert. denied, 348 Conn. 901, 300 A.3d 1166 (2023).
‘‘Our review of the court’s reasonable efforts determi-
nation is subject to the evidentiary sufficiency standard
of review. . . . Under this standard, the inquiry is
whether the trial court could have reasonably con-
cluded, upon the facts established and the reasonable
inferences drawn therefrom, that the cumulative effect
of the evidence was sufficient to justify its [ultimate
conclusion]. . . . When applying this standard, we
construe the evidence in a manner most favorable to
sustaining the judgment of the trial court. . . . The
court’s subordinate findings made in support of its rea-
sonable efforts determination are reviewed for clear
error.’’ (Citations omitted; internal quotation marks
omitted.) In re Ryder M., 211 Conn. App. 793, 809,
274 A.3d 218, cert. denied, 343 Conn. 931, 276 A.3d
433 (2022).
In the present case, the department determined that
its main concerns regarding the respondent were her
alcohol use and intimate partner violence history. The
record in the present case demonstrates that the depart-
ment made reasonable efforts to address these issues
and to facilitate the respondent’s reunification with the
child. The court found that the department ‘‘referred
[the respondent] to numerous services over the course
of two years to address her substance use, mental
health, and interpersonal violence in her relationships.
. . . [I]t offered her parenting education services,
supervised visitation with the child, substance use ser-
vices, and services to educate her about interpersonal
violence.’’ The court also made the following detailed
Page 8 CONNECTICUT LAW JOURNAL 0, 0

10 ,0 0 Conn. App. 1
In re N. A.

findings of facts regarding the services offered to the
respondent. The respondent participated in individual
therapy with Ferrante to address intimate partner vio-
lence concerns. However, ‘‘[t]he respondent . . . also
consistently denied any interpersonal violence between
herself and J. G. in her therapy sessions, so any therapy
would have been unable to address this issue with any
specificity.’’ The department referred the respondent to
the Village for Families and Children Quality Parenting
Center for parenting coaching and supervised visitation,
Circle of Security for further parenting services, Inten-
sive Outpatient Treatment at Intercommunity for men-
tal health and substance use, and the Parents Recov-
ering from Opioid Use Disorder (PROUD) program for
substance use.7 Additionally, the respondent partici-
pated in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). The court’s find-
ings as to these services amply support its reasonable
efforts determination. See In re Ryder M., supra, 211
Conn. App. 811–12 (reasonable efforts included refer-
rals to mental health and substance use service provid-
ers and parenting program).
In challenging the court’s reasonable efforts determi-
nation, the respondent focuses on the fact that the
department did not ‘‘require or request a hair test’’ or
‘‘seek to verify her attendance at AA meetings.’’8 The
respondent contends that testing would have allowed
her ‘‘to demonstrate, unequivocally, that she was not
using alcohol . . . .’’ We disagree with the respondent’s
argument that the department did not make reasonable
efforts at reunification because it did not require or
request hair testing or verify her attendance at AA meet-
ings. First, it is axiomatic that ‘‘[r]easonable efforts
7
The court noted in its memorandum of decision that the PROUD program
can address alcohol use and that there was no evidence that the respondent
had used opioids.
8
The respondent, in her appellate brief, ‘‘concedes there is nothing the
department could do with regard to the trial court’s concerns with the
relationship between the respondent and J. G.’’
0, 0 CONNECTICUT LAW JOURNAL Page 9

0 Conn. App. 1 ,0 11
In re N. A.

means doing everything reasonable, not everything pos-
sible,’’ and that ‘‘[o]ur courts are instructed to look to
the totality of the facts and circumstances presented
in each individual case in deciding whether reasonable
efforts have been made.’’ (Internal quotation marks
omitted.) In re Caiden B., 220 Conn. App. 326, 349–50,
297 A.3d 1025, cert. denied, 348 Conn. 904, 301 A.3d
527 (2023); see also In re Charli M., 229 Conn. App.
72, 83, 326 A.3d 1123 (‘‘[t]he question for this court is not
whether some evidence would support a determination
that the department should have referred the respon-
dent to an [intimate partner violence] program but,
rather, whether the totality of the evidence supports the
trial court’s finding that the department’s reunification
efforts, considered cumulatively, were reasonable’’),
cert. denied, 350 Conn. 935, 327 A.3d 384 (2024). More-
over, as the petitioner notes in her appellate brief, there
was no evidence before the court that the respondent
asked the department for a hair test, which she con-
tends for the first time on appeal should have been
provided to her.9 See In re Corey C., 198 Conn. App.
41, 64, 232 A.3d 1237 (respondent’s failure to request
services undermined argument that those services were
part of what department should have provided as part
of reasonable efforts to reunify him with his child),
cert. denied, 335 Conn. 930, 236 A.3d 217 (2020). Finally,
the department reasonably could have determined that
intimate partner violence was the foremost impediment
and tailored its reunification efforts toward this specific
concern. See id., 65 (respondent’s claim that depart-
ment failed to provide him with specialized smoking
cessation services ignored totality of services offered).
On the basis of our review of the record, we conclude
that there is sufficient evidence to support the court’s
9
Aside from asking Lopez a single question as to whether the department
requested a hair test, the respondent did not otherwise raise this issue before
the trial court.
Page 10 CONNECTICUT LAW JOURNAL 0, 0

12 ,0 0 Conn. App. 1
In re N. A.

finding that the department made reasonable efforts to
reunify the respondent with the child.
II
The respondent next claims that the court improperly
determined that she had failed to rehabilitate suffi-
ciently. The respondent primarily contends that the
court improperly relied on messages she sent to J. G.,
in which she expressed continued romantic commit-
ment to J. G. and referenced her continued use of alco-
hol. The respondent argues that the ‘‘messages do not
meet the clear and convincing evidentiary standard
because they are so completely undermined by the testi-
monial evidence, including the testimony of the depart-
ment’s own workers . . . .’’ We are not persuaded.
‘‘Failure of a parent to achieve sufficient personal
rehabilitation is one of [the] statutory grounds on which
a court may terminate parental rights pursuant to § 17a-
112. . . . Concerning the failure to achieve personal
rehabilitation, § 17a-112 (j) (3) (B) (i) provides for the
termination of parental rights when the minor child has
been found to have been neglected, abused or uncared
for in a prior proceeding and the parent of such child
has failed to achieve such degree of personal rehabilita-
tion as would encourage the belief that within a reason-
able time, considering the age and needs of the child,
such parent could assume a responsible position in the
life of the child.
‘‘Personal rehabilitation as used in [§ 17a-112 (j) (3)
(B) (i)] refers to the restoration of a parent to [his]
former constructive and useful role as a parent. . . .
[I]n assessing rehabilitation, the critical issue is not
whether the parent has improved [his] ability to manage
[his] own life, but rather whether [he] has gained the
ability to care for the particular needs of the child at
issue. . . . An inquiry regarding personal rehabilitation
requires us to obtain a historical perspective of the
0, 0 CONNECTICUT LAW JOURNAL Page 11

0 Conn. App. 1 ,0 13
In re N. A.

respondent’s child-caring and parenting abilities. . . .
Although the standard is not full rehabilitation, the par-
ent must show more than any rehabilitation. . . . Suc-
cessful completion of the petitioner’s expressly articu-
lated expectations is not sufficient to defeat the
petitioner’s claim that the parent has not achieved suffi-
cient rehabilitation. . . . [E]ven if a parent has made
successful strides in [his] ability to manage [his] life
and may have achieved a level of stability within [his]
limitations, such improvements, although commend-
able, are not dispositive on the issue of whether, within
a reasonable period of time, [he] could assume a respon-
sible position in the life of [his child]. . . .
‘‘[T]he appropriate standard of review is one of evi-
dentiary sufficiency, that is, whether the trial court
could have reasonably concluded, upon the facts estab-
lished and the reasonable inferences drawn therefrom,
that the cumulative effect of the evidence was sufficient
to justify its [ultimate conclusion]. . . . When applying
this standard, we construe the evidence in a manner
most favorable to sustaining the judgment of the trial
court.’’ (Citation omitted; internal quotation marks
omitted.) In re Mikhail M., 230 Conn. App. 86, 88–89,
328 A.3d 758, cert. denied, 351 Conn. 907, 330 A.3d
132 (2025).
Concerning the respondent, the court found: ‘‘Unfor-
tunately, all the programs the respondent . . . has
attended have not enabled her to understand, appreci-
ate, or address the interpersonal violence in her rela-
tionship with J. G. Several programs in which she partic-
ipated, e.g., Circle of Security and the Village for
Families and Children, noted her limited insight into
her relationship with J. G. In addition, as she has never
admitted to her therapist that there is interpersonal
violence between her and J. G., her individual therapy
did not address this. She has also consistently denied
having a problem with alcohol. Although she testified
Page 12 CONNECTICUT LAW JOURNAL 0, 0

14 ,0 0 Conn. App. 1
In re N. A.

that she has severed her ties with J. G., the court does
not view her testimony as credible. The respondent
. . . continued to speak to J. G. on the phone when he
was incarcerated, including during a concerning inci-
dent while she was at [the department’s] offices in Janu-
ary, 2023. At that time, she put J. G. on speakerphone
to prove that she was at [the department’s office] and
not cheating on him. She also communicated with J.
G. through written messaging available through tablets
offered to incarcerated people by the Department of
Correction. These messages generally express love, pas-
sion, and an intent by the respondent . . . to continue
their relationship for a long time. As J. G.’s release date
approached, she spoke about preparations for J. G.’s
return to her home by, among other things, buying him
clothes and sneakers, washing bed linens, and cooking
his favorite meals. On May 20, 2024, two days before
his release from prison, she told him, ‘I’m your wife
forever and I’m happy I’m your wife I’m so happy that
[we’re] married I love you baby’ . . . . On May 22,
2024, the day of his release from prison, she stated, ‘I
can’t wait to see you . . . I love you well [G]od bless
on your way here [or] when are you coming [to get]
here.’ . . . There was also no testimony that divorce
proceedings were initiated. The court, therefore, finds
that the [respondent’s] relationship with J. G. is ongoing
and that he either is living in or will be returning to
living in her house.
‘‘The respondent . . . also testified that she has been
sober for two years. However, this assertion is also
belied by her messages to J. G. In these messages, she
referenced the fact that she was drinking on several
occasions within the last calendar year. On January 6,
2024, she said, ‘I started drinking now just started’ . . .
On January 14, 2024, she said, ‘yes I’ll tell you I’m drink-
ing . . .’ and, on February 23, 2024, she said, ‘I’m sorry
that I bought a little bottle and drank that’ . . . . The
0, 0 CONNECTICUT LAW JOURNAL Page 13

0 Conn. App. 1 ,0 15
In re N. A.

court, therefore, finds that the respondent . . . has
continued to drink alcohol despite her participation
in several substance use programs. It also finds her
testimony that she has been sober for two years not to
be credible.’’ (Citations omitted; footnote omitted.)
As to the respondent’s rehabilitation, the court found:
‘‘[T]he respondent . . . has not cooperated completely
with all the court-ordered specific steps, several of
which are key in this case. She has not signed releases
to allow [the department] to access records from [Com-
munity Partners in Action’s Alternative in the Commu-
nity program]; this hampers [the department’s] and the
court’s ability to determine whether she has been abus-
ing substances and whether she has made progress
toward addressing her use of alcohol. She has also not
partnered with [the department] to assess her husband;
this is particularly concerning because he has a docu-
mented history of interpersonal violence, [the child]
has been negatively affected by it, and it is clear that
he will be an ongoing presence in the home.
‘‘In addition, although she has completed several pro-
grams to address her alcoholism, her testimony that
she has been sober for two years is not credible. In
tablet messages, she discusses drinking on several occa-
sions. Her representations, therefore, to her therapist
and her programs and this court, appear to be designed
to cover up the fact of a continuing problem rather than
addressing it. Her consumption of alcohol led her to
engage in dangerous conduct (driving while under the
influence) that could have resulted in serious injury or
death to her [child], who was in the backseat at the
time. The fact that she is continuing to engage in drink-
ing while covering it up to everyone except her husband
leads to the conclusion that she has not modified her
circumstances enough to give any assurance that [the
child] would be safe in her care.
Page 14 CONNECTICUT LAW JOURNAL 0, 0

16 ,0 0 Conn. App. 1
In re N. A.

‘‘Moreover, the [respondent’s] testimony that she has
ended her relationship with her husband, J. G., was not
credible. Her tablet messages are filled with expres-
sions of love and devotion and her intention that he
will come back from incarceration to live with her. J.
G. has a conviction history of intimate personal violence
with other partners, was described by [the child] as
hitting the respondent . . . and was incarcerated for
seriously assaulting the respondent . . . with a motor
vehicle. The [respondent’s] service providers consis-
tently expressed concern about her denial of intimate
partner violence with J. G. and her lack of insight into
that relationship and how she could keep [the child]
safe.’’
On the basis of our review of the record, we conclude
that the evidence was sufficient to support the court’s
determination that the respondent failed to achieve suf-
ficient rehabilitation that would encourage the belief
that, within a reasonable time, she could assume a
responsible position in the child’s life. See In re Mikhail
M., supra, 230 Conn. App. 91. The respondent’s claim
on appeal that the messages, to which the respondent
did not object at trial, were undermined by testimonial
evidence constitutes an improper request for this court
to reweigh the evidence. ‘‘This we will not do, as it is
not the function of a court of review to retry the facts.’’
(Internal quotation marks omitted.) In re Jacqueline
K., 229 Conn. App. 710, 728, 328 A.3d 253 (2024).
III
The respondent’s final claim is that the court improp-
erly determined that terminating her parental rights was
in the child’s best interest. We disagree.
We begin our analysis by setting forth the relevant
legal principles and standard of review. ‘‘In the disposi-
tional phase of a termination of parental rights hearing,
the emphasis appropriately shifts from the conduct of
0, 0 CONNECTICUT LAW JOURNAL Page 15

0 Conn. App. 1 ,0 17
In re N. A.

the parent to the best interest of the child. . . . It is
well settled that we will overturn the trial court’s deci-
sion that the termination of parental rights is in the
best interest of the [child] only if the court’s findings
are clearly erroneous. . . . The best interests of the
child include the child’s interests in sustained growth,
development, well-being, and continuity and stability
of [his or her] environment. . . . In the dispositional
phase of a termination of parental rights hearing, the
trial court must determine whether it is established by
clear and convincing evidence that the continuation of
the respondent’s parental rights is not in the best inter-
est of the child. In arriving at this decision, the court
is mandated to consider and make written findings
regarding seven factors delineated in [§ 17a-112 (k)].
. . . The seven factors serve simply as guidelines for
the court and are not statutory prerequisites that need
to be proven before termination can be ordered. . . .
There is no requirement that each factor be proven
by clear and convincing evidence.’’ (Internal quotation
marks omitted.) In re Bianca K., 188 Conn. App. 259,
273, 203 A.3d 1280 (2019).
In the present case, in assessing the child’s best inter-
est, the court considered and made written findings as
to each of the factors enumerated in § 17a-112 (k). The
respondent makes only two brief arguments in support
of her claim that the court improperly determined that
termination of the respondent’s parental rights was in
the best interest of the child. First, she contends that
the trial court’s best interest determination was ‘‘based
upon the same flawed weighing of the evidence’’ that
supported the trial court’s finding that the respondent
had failed to rehabilitate. This contention is not persua-
sive because, as noted previously, we decline the
respondent’s invitation to reweigh the evidence. See In
re Aubrey K., 216 Conn. App. 632, 669, 285 A.3d 1153
(2022), cert. denied, 345 Conn. 972, 286 A.3d 907 (2023).
Page 16 CONNECTICUT LAW JOURNAL 0, 0

18 ,0 0 Conn. App. 1
In re N. A.

Second, the respondent argues that the court mis-
stated the law in referring to the child’s attorney as
‘‘charged with asserting [the child’s] wishes and best
interests . . . .’’ General Statutes § 46b-129a (2) (C)
provides that ‘‘[t]he primary role of any counsel for the
child shall be to advocate for the child in accordance
with the Rules of Professional Conduct, except that if
the child is incapable of expressing the child’s wishes
to the child’s counsel because of age or other incapacity,
the counsel for the child shall advocate for the best
interests of the child.’’ With respect to the assignment
of a guardian ad litem, subdivision (2) (D) provides
that, ‘‘[i]f the court, based on evidence before it, or
counsel for the child, determines that the child cannot
adequately act in his or her own best interests and the
child’s wishes, as determined by counsel, if followed,
could lead to substantial physical, financial or other
harm to the child unless protective action is taken,
counsel may request and the court may order that a
separate guardian ad litem be assigned for the child, in
which case the court shall either appoint a guardian ad
litem to serve on a voluntary basis or notify the office
of Chief Public Defender who shall assign a separate
guardian ad litem for the child.’’ General Statutes § 46b-
129a (2) (D).
In the present case, no party argued that the child’s
rights and best interest did not coincide, nor did any
party make a motion for the appointment of a guardian
ad litem. Finally, the respondent makes no claim that
the court required the input of a guardian ad litem to
determine the best interest of the child. Thus, we reject
the respondent’s contention that the court misstated
the law, and we conclude that the court’s determination
that termination of the respondent’s parental rights was
in the child’s best interest was not clearly erroneous.
The judgment is affirmed.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.