B-B-

Interim Decision #3367
In re B-B- et al., Respondents
Decided September 24, 1998
U.S. Department of Justice
Executive Office for Immigration Review
Board of Immigration Appeals
Where counsel’s insistence on corroborating evidence discouraged the respondents
from seeking asylum, but was reasonable in light of case precedent, there is no showing of
ineffective assistance of counsel.
Paul Shearman Allen, Esquire, Washington, D.C., for the respondents
J. Dan Pelletier, Sr., General Attorney, for the Immigration and Naturalization Service
Before: 	Board Panel: SCHMIDT, Chairman; HURWITZ and ROSENBERG, Board
Members.
ROSENBERG, Board Member:
The respondents have appealed the decision of the Immigration Judge
not to reopen proceedings in which they were granted voluntary departure. 1
The appeal will be dismissed. The request for oral argument is denied.
The respondents, natives and citizens of Iran, entered the United
States on nonimmigrant visitor visas on different dates in 1990. On October
1, 1996, the respondents were granted voluntary departure until June 15,
1997. On June 19, 1997, after their period of voluntary departure had
expired, the respondents filed a motion to reopen with the Immigration
Judge, alleging that prior counsel wrongfully dissuaded them from apply-
ing for asylum and charging her with ineffective assistance of counsel.
On July 2, 1997, the Immigration Judge denied the respondents’
motion to reopen, observing that they had not complied with the require-
ments for a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, as set forth in our
decision Matter of Lozada, 19 I&N Dec. 637 (BIA 1988), aff’d, 857 F.2d
309
1The respondents’ timely appeal was initially rejected because it was not accompanied
by a notice of appearance. To avoid any jurisdictional issues, we will consider this case on
certification, pursuant to 8 C.F.R. § 3.1(c) (1998).

Interim Decision #3367
10 (1st Cir. 1988). The Immigration Judge also commented that motions to
reopen that serve dilatory purposes are disfavored and noted that the
respondents were granted a generous period of voluntary departure for the
express purpose of allowing a minor respondent to finish school.
On appeal, the respondents have submitted additional documentation in
an effort to comply with the Lozada requirements and maintain that they
have been the victims of ineffective assistance of counsel. The respondents
allege that former counsel wrongly advised them that corroborating evi-
dence would be necessary for their asylum claim and thus precluded them
from applying for that relief. The respondents also argue that their efforts to
satisfy the requirements of Lozada, while not precisely in accordance with
that decision, are sufficiently proximate to make their claim.
In reply, the Immigration and Naturalization Service endorses the deci-
sion of the Immigration Judge. Noting that both the respondents’ motion to
reopen and their Notice of Appeal were untimely, 2 the Service contends that
the record reflects prior counsel’s best judgment and not a refusal to file an
asylum application.
As a general matter, we are reticent to revisit the respondents’ choice of
relief. First, there are strong policy reasons for strictly adhering to and
enforcing voluntary departure orders, not the least of which is to discourage
dilatory behavior. See Matter of Shaar, 21 I&N Dec. 541 (BIA 1996), aff’d,
141 F.3d 953 (9th Cir. 1998). The timing of the respondents’ motion to
reopen and their failure to take any remedial action during their 8 1/2 months
of voluntary departure period invites speculation into the motive behind the
filing of their motion. Second, subsequent dissatisfaction with a strategic
decision of counsel is not grounds to reopen. See Magallanes-Damian v.
INS, 783 F.2d 931 (9th Cir. 1986) (finding that the decision to forego con-
testing deportability in favor of a generous grant of voluntary departure is
a tactical choice); cf. INS v. Doherty, 502 U.S. 314 (1992) (stating that with-
drawal of an asylum claim to secure a tactical advantage in the first hearing
did not constitute a reasonable explanation for failing to pursue the claim at
that hearing). The respondents opted for a particular strategy and form of
relief, and although they might wish to fault their former attorney and recant
that decision, they are nonetheless bound by it, unless they can show egre-
gious conduct on counsel’s part. See Matter of Lozada, supra; see also
LeBlanc v. INS, 715 F.2d 685 (1st Cir. 1983).
Through their claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, the
310
2At the motion level, the Service argued that the respondents were time barred from fil-
ing their motion to reopen. See 8 C.F.R. §§ 3.2(c)(2), 3.23(b)(4)(i) (1997), The Immigration
Judge did not address this objection in his ruling on the motion. As we find the respondents
have not made a persuasive claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, we do not reach this
jurisdictional issue.

Interim Decision #3367
respondents seek to characterize the advice of former counsel as egre-
gious conduct. They argue that “but for” her insistence on corroborating
evidence, they would have pursued their asylum claim. Upon review of
the record and the respondents’ contentions on appeal, we are not per-
suaded by this argument.
To prevail, the respondents must show that the conduct of former coun-
sel was so egregious that it rendered their hearing unfair. See Matter of
Lozada, supra. However, we observe no misconduct, malfeasance, or
incompetence on counsel’s part. Cf. Matter of Grijalva, 21 I&N Dec. 472
(BIA 1996). To the contrary, the record reflects that counsel was profes-
sional in her handling of the respondents’ case and counseled them accord-
ingly. We observe that counsel secured certain benefits for the respondents,
including generous periods of voluntary departure from both the Service
and the Immigration Court. She also explored other immigration options,
including employment-based nonimmigrant visas, family-based immigrant
visas, and—at least initially—political asylum. On its face, the conduct of
former counsel is not that which we envisioned in our decision in Lozada.
The respondents maintain that it was egregious conduct for counsel to
insist on corroborating evidence before prosecuting their asylum claim. We
find, however, that counsel’s evaluation of their asylum claim and her insis-
tence on corroborating evidence was entirely reasonable. We are cognizant
that, in some instances, an asylum-seeker need not have corroborating evi-
dence to prevail. See Matter of Mogharrabi, 19 I&N Dec. 439 (BIA 1987).
Nonetheless, the provision of corroborating evidence is not optional, and
the respondents must satisfy their affirmative duty to corroborate their claim
to the degree that they can, or otherwise reasonably explain their failure to
do so. See Matter of S-M-J-, 21 I&N Dec. 722 (BIA 1997); Matter of Dass,
20 I&N Dec. 120 (BIA 1989); see also Matter of M-D-, 21 I&N Dec. 1180
(BIA 1998); Matter of Y-B-, 21 I&N Dec. 1136 (BIA 1998). We find noth-
ing egregious in counsel advising the respondents to comply with express
legal precedent, particularly when counsel must balance her clients’ desire
for relief with her duty to both the court and her clients’ interests not to file
a frivolous application for relief. See 8 C.F.R. § 292.3(a)(15)(i) (1998); see
also section 208(d)(6) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, 8 U.S.C. §
1158(d)(6) (Supp. II 1996).
In summary, we find that the respondents have not made a prima facie
showing of ineffective assistance of counsel. As the record does not estab-
lish that former counsel engaged in egregious conduct, we decline to reopen
the proceedings. See Matter of Lozada, supra; 	see also Mohsseni
Behbahani v. INS, 796 F.2d 249 (9th Cir. 1986), See generally Matter of
Santos, 19 I&N Dec. 105 (BIA 1984).
ORDER: The appeal is dismissed.
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