Marron et al v. Maduro Moros et al

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR TltE
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF FLORIDA
M iam iDivision
:
CaseNum ber:21-23190-CIW M ORENO
CAREOSEDUARDO M ARRON,M AIUA
M ARI	RON,c.	k.	,aminor,ands.	A.,aminor,
Plaintiffs,
VS.
x lco cA s M xo u Ro M oR ,	os Fu sltzA s
Altv xoA s M v ocu clox v os D B
col-o= l ,	A CA RTEL oF TlIB s ,	IJx s
vl-AolvlRfAoltm o LopBz,MAIA L
JosE M QRENI) PBRE ,	z NEsrroR Luls
REvsRol-To- ,	s TXREK WILLIAM
sxxB,andTARECItBLAlssAu ,
D efendmlts.
. . /
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) . '
ORDER GRANTING M OTIONS TO DISSOLVE W RITS OF GARNISHM XNT.
DENYING ASM OOT M OTIONSTO OUASH SUBPOENAS AND GRANTW G
PLM NTIFF'SMOTION TO AM ENP '
.. ' ' ' '
Plaintiffsfiled m otionsform 'itsofgam ishm entand execution forthe fm atwialassetsof. 1 ,
w . '
RaulGonin Belisario and Gustavo Adolfo Perdom o Rokales,whom Plaintiffs claim are ag'ents
and instrum entalities of the Defendants,Nicolas M aduro M oros,Tareck E1Aissami,and the
. . '
Cartelofthe Suns,judgmentdebtors in this case.Underthe Terrorism Risk V stlrance Act,
Plaintiffs can recover agàinstasseté of an agent and insttum entality of a defendantwhere the
assetsareblockedbytheUni	tedStatesOfficeofForeignAssetControl(OFAC).OFAC blocked
. '
Gorrin and Perdom o'sassetsin théUnited Sfates,butitalso issued a licenseto D .E.W ilson,Jr.
' - t	ofthe 1aw 111,	1	1Lnnkford & Reed,PLLC,to manage and cpntro therçalproperty thatisthe
subjectofthewritsofexecution.Propert	#subjecttoanOFAC license,suchasisthecasehere,is	. '
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notrecèverablè underTRIA and forthisreason,the Courtdissolvesthewritsofexecution issued ,
by the Clerk of Cotut At oral argum ent, M r.W ilson's counsel advised that he sold twp
i Collinj Avenue and another in Fisher Island Vlorida and he stated.M r.	propertes,one on , ,
W ilson,the licensee, intends to d. epositthe proceeds from ihose sales into a blockeé bank
he aysjhe feeà and costsgssociated with the sales.P'	ertie ticense tG	any taxek,	Accountonce p
çosts,orlegal,administrative orothei'	feesthatarenecessary and incidel)tto thesale ofalzf of	. . . . .
'' é idb M.	r w ilson asihelicenkee whoàhallthent:lacetheremainder	theproperties areto.b pa y . , p .
in a blocked accotmt.'''OFAC License (ECF 425-1).Plqintiffsmay renew theirmotion asto
. '
' . .
those fundsonce Mr.W ilson depositsthosemot	liesinto ablocked accountsubjectto à,TRIA
recovely.M r.W ilspn shallpromptly advise Plaintiffs Jzpozidepositillg the funds into a blocked. '''
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'''' -' '
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accotmt.
Asidrâom thewritsofexeèution thataredirected atrealproperty subjecttotheOFAC
license,theClerkofCoqrtàlso issuedam itofjarnishmentastoPerdomo'sftmdsinaVeacpast
) ,.. . ''
Bnnk Acdotmt.Consistentwith this Court'spriörorders ih tllis case,the Cotu'talso grantsthe
. ' .
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o '
motion to dissolvethiswritofgnl	mlshmentbecausethçrçhasnötbeen adetermination (prima
facie or otherwise)by thisCourtthatPerdomo ismlagentorinstrumentality ofM admo,E1
Aissnmi,orihe Caitelofthe Stpj.Plaintiffsmay file a renewed motion as to those ftmds,
. ' . '
includizig briefng on whétherthe Courtmày issuethewritbased on aprimafacieshowing of
Perdom o's role as an agent or instrumentality.Perdom o m ay then respond to the motion and
, .'
include briefm g on whether a prim a facie showing is silffieientfor issuance ofthe wzit.The ,.
partiesshallalsolileaproposed.scheduleforadjudication ofthematter.Accordingly,itis
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ADJUDGED thatthemotionsto dissolvethem its(ECF 347,348,453)areGRANTED
assetforth in thisOrder,Thewritsofgarnishmentand execution (ECF 323-328;336-337)are
dissolved in accordance w ith tllisOrder.Itisalso
ADJUDGE;	D thatthe motionsto quash the subpoena (ECF,398,399)are DENIED as
m oot,with leaveto renew ifappropriate.Itisalso
ADJUDGED thatPlaintiff'smotion to amend motions forwrits ofgarnishment(ECF
412)isGRXNTED toallow correctii	m ofçitations.
1. Background
Plaintiffsfiled flliscaseqgainsttheDefendants,including NicolasM aduro,Tareck E1
Aissnmiandthe Cartelofthe Stm s,alleging violationsoftheFederalAnti--fbrrorism A ct,18
U.S.C.j2333;theFloridaAntiuTerrorism Act,Fla.Stat.jt72.13,FederalCivilRICO,18
'
U.S.C.j 1964(c),ConspiracytoViolateFederalCivilRICO,18U.S.C.j1962(d),andseveral
. '
state-law claimsbasedontheDefendants'orchestratingthçkidnapling,totture,anddefnmation
ofPlaitltiffcarlosM arron,the extortion ofPlaintiffM ariaM arron,andthe iùfliction of
em otionaldistresson allPlaintiffs.. On Februaty 14,2023,thisCourtawarded Plaintiffsafi	. né1
judgmentinthenmolmtof$153,843,976.
AfterobtainipgthejudgmentgPlaiptiffscommdncedcollectionproceedingsunderthe	. ;
Terrorism ltiskInsl	zranceActITRIAI.Seej201(a)oftheTerrorism RiskInslzranceActof2002,
j ' .	Pub. L.No.107-297,j201(a),116 Stat.2337,2339.UnderTIUA,terrorism victimssuchasthe
Plaintiffsmay satisfytheirjudgmentfrom propez'	tyblockedbyUnited StatesDepartmentof
TreasuryOffkeofForeignAssetControl(OFAC).TRIA providesarightofactiontorecover
againstblocked property owned by an Agentorinstnlmentality ofatelw ristorterrorist
1Thisprovisioniscoditiedasanoteto28U.S.C.j1610titledtt-l-rea% entofTerroristAsseis.''
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orgnnization.z ThisCoul'	tpreviously allowedPlaintiffs,whoarejudgmentcreditorsattllis
jtmctureofthecase,torecoveragainstassetsofSnmarkLopezBello,whoseFloridaassetswere
blockedbytheOfficeofForeignAssetControl.Atsummatyjudgment,theCourtfotmdthat
Lopez Bello isan agentorinstnzmentallty ofone oftheDefendantsin thiscase,Tareck E1-
A lssnm l.
Plaintiffsal'	enow seeking torecoveragainsttwo otherindividualsand thèiirelated
entities.TheindividualsareRaulGordn Belismio and Gustavo Adolfo Perdom oRosales,whom
Plaintiffsclaim areagentsand instram entalitiesoftheDefendantsNicolasM adtlro M oros,
Tareck E1Aisjnm i,andtheCarteloftheStms.To thatend,Plaintiffsfiled amotion forwritof
gnrnishmentastofnndsofRaulGonin Belisariodepojited intheCourtregistry(E	'CF 318)3and
amotionforwritofexecutionastoGorrin'srealproperty(ECF 322).4TheGnrnl	'	sheesareD.E.
W ilson,Jr.Esq.and thefinu Lnnkford & Reed PLLC.Plaintiffsalso filed am otion forWz'itof
execution forrealproperty andm otion forwritofgam ishm entforthefinancialassetsof.Gustavo
AdolfoPerdomoRosales.(ECF 334).ThegnrnisheeisSeacoastBnnk.5TheClerkissuedthe
writsautomaticallywithoutapriorOrderoftlt	isCourt.Eightwritsarecurrently atissue.(ECF
'
323-328,	.336-337).RaulGoninBetisario,GustavoPerdomo.deRosales,andtheirrelated
2j201ofTlUA readsasfollows:
Notwithstandinganyotherprovisionoflaw,andexceptasprovidedinsubsection (b),inevery
caseinwhichapersonhasobtpinedajudgmentagainstaterroristpartyonaclaim baseduponan
actofterrorism,orforwhichatrrroristpartyisnotimmtmeundersection1605(a)(7)oftitle28,
UnitedStatesCode,theblockedassetsofthatterroristparty(includingtheblocedassetsofany
ageniyorinstrllmentalityofthattetrpristpartylshallbesubjed toexecutionorattachmentinaid
ofexecutioninordertosatisfysuchjudgmenttotheextentofanycompensatory.damagesfor
whichsuchterroristpartyhasbeenadjudgedliable.
3rfnheClerkissuedthewritofgarnishment(ECF 319),whichwasdirectedattheCom'tRegistry.TheClerkofCoul't
latervacatedthiswrit(ECF 333)asinappropriatelygranted.
4'rheClerk issuedwritsofexecutionastoGorrin'sRbalProperties:4100 Salzedo Street,Unit913,CoralGables,
FL (esthnatedvalue$688,700),4100SalzedoStreet,Unit813,CoralGables,FL (estimatedvalue$646,700),4100
SalzedoStreet,Unit807,CoralGables,FL (estimatedvalue$611,500),4100SalzedoSkeet,Unit608,Coral
Gables,FL (estimatedvalue$560,200),4100SalzedoSkeet,Unit1010,CoralOables,FL (estimatedvalue
$674,800),144IslaDoradaBlvd.,CoralGables,FL(estimatedvalue$8,099,510).SeeECF 323-328.
5TheC. lerk issued.awritofgamishmentastoPerdomo'sfundsinaSeacoastBankacçount.(ECF 336).'FheClerk
issued awritofexecution astotherealproperty at4100 SalzedoSkeet//804,CoralGables,FL 33146beingheldby
MagusHolding,LLC (estimatedvalue$670,100)(ECF337).
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entities6filed an OmnibusM otion toDissolve, Vacate,andQuashW ritsofGnrnishmentand
W ritsofExecution. TheGnrnisheepftheGorrin m itsisD .E.W ilson,Jr.ofthe1aw 51411
Lanldbrd & Reed,alsom oved ford.issolution ofthewritsaddressed to him .
A.Background on Gorrin (ynPerdom o
Therelationship ofGorrin and Perdom o to theDefendantsisrelevantto the
determination ofwhetherthey areindeed agentjandinstrlmentalitiesoftheM adtlro,E1
Aissam i,and theCarteloftheSuns- thatisa determination the Courtwillm ake laterin this
rti ' ' llegationsofagencyand	proceeding.TheCoult neve eless,exnmlnesPlaintiffs a
('
instrum entality.OFAC designated Gorrin undertheVene> elasaqctionsprogrnm becausehe
played acentralrolein Venezuelan regim e-sponsored cufrency controlschemes.Plaintiffsallege
thattllrough theçurrency eontrolscam ,Gorrin supported theCartelofthe Sun'smoney
laundering ofproceedsfrom narcotrafficldng,provided lootfortheM aduro regim eto m aintain
. '
itsautholitat'ian gt'ip on Venezuelaand continuecrim inalactivity with im plnity,andpersonally
enrichedDefendantsM aduro,M oreno Perez,and Tareck E1Aissami.
Farah (ExpertonM adtlroReghne)(ECF 318-1at8).
SçeDecl.ofDotklas
OIW C alsodesignatedPerdom o forlaisrolein Venezuelan money laundering activity.
Plaintiffsassertthisactivityprovided supporttp M adtlro,the CarteloftheStms,and thè
IndividualDefendantsirltlliscase:Plaintiffs'expezt DouglasFarah,statesthatPerdom o
laundered m ohey âom cocainesalesfortheCartelofthe Suns,prôvided loottotheM aduro
regim etom aintain itsauthprity and continueitscrildinalactivity,and personally endched
DefendantsM aduro,M orenoPerez,andTareckE1Aissnmi.SeeDecl.ofDouglasFarah(Expel	'	t
on VaduioRegime)(ECF334-1at8).
6Therelated entitiesare:R.IM Group Investm entsCop .,RIM Group Investm entsICol'p.,ll1M Group lnvesM ents
11Cop .,lUM GroupInvestments111,Co1'p.,MagusHoldingLLC,MagusHolding11Corp.,andli1M Group
Investmenis1Corp.
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BothGorrinandPerdomoownpropertiesinFlorida,Fhich aresubjectofthewritsof
ekecution.In addition?an entity affiliated with Perdom o,M agusHolding 11Corp.,hasan
ZCCOWDIY SCZCOZX R/llkWith$3,179,825.	03.(ECF 448).
i
# ' j/	B. Backgroun on D .E.J'F son	' r*' . ' .	. .
.y . . .	. '
.	The Gon'in aqd Perdom opropertiesin theUnited Statesare currently managedby D .E.
W ilson,Jr.ofthelaw fiim Lankford.& Reed PLLC ptlrsuantto OFAC SpeclqlLicenseNo.. ' ' ' -- .. ' 'W '
. '
. ' ' ' .. .
#enew ela-EO13850r2ù'	19-359725-10.(ECF421-1j	..TheOFAClicensepermitjD.E.W ilsonto
tu . . . (j. 11 .	engagein a11activitiesordinadlyincidentàndneçessazy tocontinuçtomN ageandmainana .	. .. . . ' . .
. ', .	' . . .
oftheblocked propertidsand chattelj...owned by Raul	. BùlisarioGorrin ândGustavoPerdomö,
. . ' . .
personswhosepropert	yandipterestsinpropertyâreblöckedjmrsuari	ttoExecutiveOrder
, i
138501(.(	1'' .
. , .. .
ThelicenséeD .2.W ilson,Jr.isa graduateofGeorgktown Làw in 1.976.M r.W ilson.
servedattheU.S.R qasuryDepnrtmentasActipjGeneralCuunsel,DeputyGeneralCotmseland	. .. . . ' ' ' .
. ' ' . ' . . ' '' - '
PrincipafDeputyAssistpntSecretaryforM anagement.HealsoservedasActingDirectorof	L
OFA C.Hewasresponjible fortheOFAC portfolio wlzileserving asAssociate Cotm selto the, e . . ' '
	. ' . . . ' .
	. . . '	
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Presidentin 1981-1983.'.HealsoselvçdasGeneralCotmsel,'	UfficeofthùPrestdent.Heis
. ' . ' ' .
tl inprivatejraç	'tkeatLnnkfordandReel PLic.inVirginia.Decl.ofD.E.W ilsop(ECF'	Ctln'	en y ,
347-3).' '
f1D E WilsopstatesthatstartinginVày2020 OFA/issuedten	Inllijdeclayatio , . . . , , . .
, . . . . . . (
consecutive specific liçenseseytendirig to M arch 15,202. 7.ThelicensesqredirdctedtoW llson's
. . . L. :
attehtion asthe attorlley who applied forthem . The License inèludesal1property ofG on'in and
j	PerdomowithintheUnited tatesorom wdorpossessedbyU.S.peysons.Hestatesthat.
Tl	l	pltlrsuanttothelicense,1havetheauthoritytoengage'inpllqctivitièsbrdinarily incidentand
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ùecessarytocontinuetomanageandmaintain a11ofthelicensedprppertksandchattels(such as
vessels,vehicles,and aircraft	l.	''16LHeisalsolicensedtorepresentthepropertiesirllitigationas
addressed in Executive Order13850.Underthelicense,'hehagtheGtauthority to sell,transfer,
ih thelw ise encllm berthelicensed property and am actively'involved in m arketing	dealwi , or o
andsalesactikitiest''1d.Hesaysthatheplanstos8l1theFloridamalestateatissueinthewrits.
Therealestatehasbeen accrtlingtax liabilitiesand condominillm sandhom eowner'sassociation
fees. Thesuccessf'ulsale oftherealestatewillstop thèadverseimpacton the ètherownersof
thecondom inillm associâtionsandwillpreservethevalue ofthe OFA c-licensed realty for
OFA C'Sforeignpolicy purposes.I6l
M r.W ilson statesthàthewasintheprocessofusing proceedsfrom the sale ofcertain
OlW c-licensedrealestate(i.	e.aFisherIslandpropertyandaCollinsAvenueproperty)topay
outstanding expenses,costs,legal,adm irlistrativeand otherfeesthatWere incidentto thesale
beforeplacing therem ainderin ablocked accotmtconsistentwith thelicense.I6L Thepurpose of
aspecificlicenseistopttttheassetsin good orderto maximize OFAC'Seconomicleveragçwith
designated non-u s persons and entitiesunderthe InternationalEm eygency Econom ic Pow ers
Act.Depositing asqets,income,and salesproceedsinto bnnk accountscontrolled by thelicepsee
asagentforOFAC isa comm on feattlrein specificlicenses!OFAC issuesspecificorgeneral
v . . '
licenseswh:h itdeterm inesthatthere isa course ofaction regarding controlled property thatis in
thenationalintereàt.fJ.
II. L egalA nalysis
Them otionsto dissolveand quash them itsofexecution andthewritofgnrnishm ent
presentseveralreasonsto supporttheposition thatthe Coul'tshould dissolve and quash thewrits.
TheflrstissueisatliresholdoneastowhethertheClerkofCourtproperlyissuedthewrits
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witàoutaCourtorderadjudicatingthatGorrin andPerdomöareindeed agentsand
instrum entalitiesofM adtlro;El-N ssam iand Cartelofthe Suns.Next,W ilson,Gonin,and
Perdomoassertthatbecausethem itsofexecutiontargetrealpropertysubjecttoanOFAC
license,therecanbenorecoverytmderTRIX.ThemovaptsalsocitetoCaballerov.FARC
Caballero v.FuerzasArmadasRevolucionariosdeColombia,1	. 8-25337-C1V -M oorej2023 W L
5437222(S.D.Fla.Aug.21,2023)tosupportdissolutionofthewritsbecausethere,thedistrict
courtfotm d thatG opin and'perdom o and theirrelated entitiesw ere notagentsand
instlum entalitiesoftheFuerzasArmadasRevoluciongiasdeColom bia.M .	1..W ilson addsthat
sovereign imm llnity barsarecovezy tmderTIUA andthatPlaintiffs,them selves,m ustobtain a
' . .
licensetorecoverunderTRIA.'Finally,M.	r.W ilsoniaisespersnnaljurisdiçtionasyetanother
reason theCourtshould vaca'tethewrits.
TheClerkofcourt'	sIssuanceoftheWrits
In ordinary garnishm entproceedings,the Clerk ofCourtm ay autom atically issuem itsof
garnishm entwithoutnoticetothe defendantbecausethe defendanthés'already'been served and
fmaljudgmenthasbeenentered.Thevalidityoftheunderlyingclai	m isalreadyestablishedin
court.Unitedpresidential.	J,4	4 Ins.Co.v.King,.	361So.2d710,71)(F1a.1978).
o '
Tlzisproceedingisnotatypicalgnnnlshm ent.Heze,Plaintiffsseek to recoveragninst
third-part	yagentsandistrumentalitiesasallowedbyTRIA.InStansellv.RevolutionaryArmed
Forqesofcolombia,771F.3d713,726(11thCir.2021)(Stansell.	J	f),theEleventh Circuitheld
thatIGpartieswhoseajsetsaretmderthreatofçxecutionpursuanttoTRIA j201areentitledto
notic'eand an opportlmity to beheard in ordertorebuttheallegationsandpreservetheir
possessoly interestin blocked asqets.''Stansell11addsthatçldueprocessentitled claimantsto
'
act'	ualnoticeofthepost	judgmentproceedingsagainstthem.	''ItstatedthatG	tg	wlheretheownerof '
theassetbeinggnrnishédisthejudgnientdebtor,Inoticeupon.	commencenientofasuitis
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.adequateto givethejudgmentdebtoradvancewarningoflaterproceedingstmdertakentosatisfy
thejudgment.'Thatsametypeofnoticeisnotsufficientwhereiheclaimantisathirdparty,who
cnpnotbeexpectedtobeonnèticeofthejudgment.	''16Lat726 (quotingBrownv.fibert	yLoan
Corp.ofDyval,539F.	2d 1355,1357(5thCir.1976:.TheEleventhCircuitstatejtmequivocally '
that'llbjeforea'	writofgnrnishmentorexecutionpursuanttoTRIA j201issues,adistrictcourt
mustdeterminethatthqpro/ertyom lerisaEspeciallyDesignatedNarcoticsTraffickerq...and
isanagencyorinstrumentalityofthejudgmentdebtorterroristparty.	'!1d.at729.	7
TllisCourtpreviously adheredto Stansell'sduçprocessréquirem entintlziscaseto
requirenoticeasto Sam ark LopezBello and an opportunity tobeheard.The sam eholdstrue
now with Gorl'in and Perdom o.The Courtthereforedissolvesthewritspending adetermination
tbroughthe adversary m ocessthatGonin and Perdomo andtheb related entitiesm'eagentsand
instnzm entalitiesofM aduro,ElAissnmi,orthe Cartelofthe Stm s.TheClerk'sissuanceofthe
writsw ithoutapriordetermination ofagency orinstlnlm entalityw asimproper.
.
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B. Ff/àcfOfOFAC LicenseontheGorrinandperdomoAssets
:<By itsterm s,TRIA allowsvictim softerrorto executeonly on blocked assets.''United
j'	tatesv.AllFundsonDepositwithR.	J O '	Brien (	#:Assocs.,783F.3d607,622(7thCir.2015).
TRIA statestmequivocally thatonlyblockedassetsaresubjecttoexecution.R.	J O '	Brien,783
F.3dat622.TlUA narroFly definestheGG	blocked assets''agaihstwhichjudgmentholderscan
executeasE	çatlyassetsseizedorfw zenbytheUnited Statestmderseçtion 5(b)oftheTrading
with the Enemy Act...ortmdersections202 and 203 ofthelntem ationalEm ergency Economic
PowersAct(.	)'	'TRIA j201(d)(2).Intl	niscase,thePresidsntinvokedtheIntem ational'
djF
7Floridagarnishmentlaw alsoprovidesl'certainprotectionstothit'	dpartiesclaiminganinterestillpropertysubject
togarnishmentorexecution.Suchlaw iseffectiveillproceedingsinfederalcotu'tl.l''StansellIL 771F.3dat725.
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EmergencyEconomicPowersActj203inllisExecudveOrder13850,whichresultedinthe
. '
freezing oftheGon'in andPerdom o assets.
D.E.W ilson alid theGorrin/pèrdom opartiesassertthatM r.W ilson'slicenseGiunblocks''
thepropeities,andrendersthem notsubjectto attachmenttmderTlUA.Putanotherway,the
propertiesarenotseized orgozen by virtueofthe license.InR.J O 'Brien,the Seventh Circuit
fotmdthe existenceofthelicenseprecluded afinding thattheproperty wastGblocked''because
OFAC issuedalicensetotheDepart	mentofJustice,which iswithinthejtlrisctiction ofthe
United States,to effectforfeiture,which isGtatbottom ,alicense forfinaltransferordispositions''
TRIA j201(d)(2).8Sotoöhere,OFAC issuedalicensetoD.E.W ilson,whoiswithinthe
judsdiction oftheUnited States,tomanagethepropertiesandçffectdispositionofthepropert	ies
ashedeem sappropdate.M r.W ilson'slicenses'	pecifically statesthatthelicenseemay ççin the
ordinary courseofbusinessdecideto sell.theproperties''and ç&engagyin transactionsordinadly
incidentandnecessarytoselltheproperties.	''(ECF 425-1).ThislicensegraqtsM r.W ilsonbroad
discretion tom anagetheproperties,wllich confirmsthatthepropertiesarezmtâozen orseized
within TRIA'Sscope.Thetermsofthislicense,like	'the onein R.J O 'Brien,requirethisCourtto
findtltaè	tthepropertiesarenotçtseizedorâozen,''àndtherefore,notsubjecttoexecutiontmder	. ' . .
TRIA Insöholding,thecourtnotesthatalthough'thewritsissueéastoD.B.W ilson(as
licensee)isonlyasto Gorrinproperties,.	M r.W ilsonindicatesinhisdeclarationthathealsùhasa
licenseastothePerdom o realpm peity,whièh isconsrmed by thetermsofthe licenseitself.
8TRIA defm esblockedassetsas: .
(A)AnyassetseizedorfrozepbytheUnitedStatesundersection5(b)oftheTradingwiththeEnemyAct.
. . ortm	, dersections202 and203 ofthelnternationalEmergency EconomicPowersAct...and
(B)doesnotincludepropert	ythat-
(i) issubjecttoalicenseissuedbytheUnitedStatesGovernmentforfmalpayment,tralpfer,or
dispositionbyortoapersonsubjecttothejmisdictionoftheUnitedStatesincolmectionwith
atransactionforwhichtheissuanceofsuch.licensehasbeenspecitkallyrequiredbystatme
otherthan theInternationalEconbmicPowersAct...ortheUnitedNatlonsParticipation Act
of1945.
PUb.L.No.107-297,j201(d)(2),116Stat.2322,2339-40.
10
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( '
Eatlierin thiscase,thisCourtanalyzed whetherthe La GorcePalace Condom inium
Association'jlicenseiem oved Sam atk LopezBello'scondontirlillm from TRIA 'Sdefinition of
u , . '
blocked assets.'	fhecotu.	tfouùdthatitdidbutthenallowedPlaintiffstor	'enew theirTlUA claim
' . . .
' - ' 'Q '
thècbndomlnlllm association sold thecondom inblm ,took $heam ouptitwasowed,and	once
' '
y	lacèdtheremainingproceed:inakockedbankaccotmt.D8spitçthèCput	'	tspriorholding,	p
7 ' = '
Plaintiffsnow arguethatSinceanynetproceedsfrom asalepftheGoninandPerdomo
'
l be lacèdin ablockedaccount theproper.tiesmm ain blocked	propçrtieàwouldultim atey p ,
despitethelicense.Thelicense saystheopposite,and atithorizesthelicenjbetosellthe
. ' .
	'
iixes costsapdfees,and only then deposit'anyremainder	properties, use the proceedsto pay ,
into a blooked accpunt.Untiltherem ainderijdèposited,thepfoççedjaienotçGfrozen orseiged''
. t. .
within'TRIA 'Sm enning and Plaintiffs cnnnotrecoveragainstthem now . .
. ' ' ' ' '
1	Plaintiffsarguethat'mliketltelicenseissuydto.	th:LqGoïqePalacbcondomihblm,wllich
. '	
'
l M.	r w ilson'slicenseasiotheGot'	rinandPerdomo'propertiesis	wasbroâdandavthorizeda.sa ç, . .
limitedto m anagem enteandm aintçnanceoftheproperties.A reading ofthelicensebeliestllis
. '
k '
conclusioh.Thelicensereads:GtshouldtheLicenseenot.reçeivepaymentfrom theresidentsof
hepropeuies,orintheordinarycovseof-businessdecidetoselltlu properties,theu censee	t
may engageintransactionsordinarilyincidentahdnecessarytoselltv Propertiesg.j''(ECF'	425u
. '
1).Plaintiffs'position isatqddswiththelicense,itself.
PlaintiffsalsoarguethatdesjitçthescopeofMr.'	Wilson's.licenàé,theGorrin and
PerdomoagsetsremainblockedbeçauseTRIA j2O1(d)(2)(B)createsan exemptionforlicensds
issued undertheIntem ationalEm ergency Econom ic PowersAct.Putdifferehtly,Plaintiffs'
position isthatlicènses issued tm derthe IEEPA do nothayethe xeffectofunblocldhg the assets
aswouldalicenseispuydtmdertheKirigpinAct.PlahltiffiscorrectthatV r.W ilsop'slicenqe
11
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wasexpressly issuedlm derthèIntem ationalEm ergency EconomicPowersAct.Tllisisa
distinction thatdoesnotmakea difference. Cotu'tshaveroutinely fotmd thatassetsblocked
pttrsumzttoanExecutiveOrder,butalso subjecttoan OFAC licensingscheme,werenot
blocked,andthereforeriotsubjecttoatt	achmentunderTRIA. US.v.HolyLandFoundationfor
Relief& Dev.,722F.	3d677,687(5th Cir.2013);EstateofHeiserv.IslamicRepublicoflran,
807F.Sulp.2d9,n.6(D.D.C.2011)(G	tg-	flransactions.	...	ti	ndert	akenunderanOFAC licenshv
scheme,...aretmblockedandnotsubjecttoattachment'l;Bankt?	.	/X lrv.Rubin,4é4F:3d
149,150(2dCir.2007)t'	holdingthatGi	assetsblockedpursuanttoExecutiveOrder...andits
accompàn#ingregulations,...that'	Aealsosubjecttolicense...	,arenotblocked ajsetsunder
theTRIA.	''	).Putsuccinctly,TRIA doesnotreachftmdsthatalicenseeG	lhasbeengiven '
authorization to controlthough anotherm eans.''HolyLand,722 F.3d at685.
Finally,Plaintiffsassertthatthem itsarevalid asto Fisherlsland and CollinsAvenuç
propertiesthat'	M r.W ilson already sold,which resulted in receiptof$7,529,072..09 and an
. . . '
additiqnal$4,201,543.87.Plaintiffsassertthatsihcethpsepropertiesaresold,theproceedsare
blocked andnolongersubjecttothelicense.Ptt	rsuanttotheOFAC license,'	MryW ilsonis
authorized to usethoseproceedstopay outjtanding Gçlegal,adm inistrative,ùrotherfeesthat
(welrenecessaryandincidenttothesale''befoieplacingtheGl	remainder'	'inaI	lblockedaccotmt'	'
Atoralatgllm ent,M .1..W iljop'!cotmselstated thathehasnotyetpqid a11thenecessary fees.'
'
W ilsonshouldàepermittedto	LiketheLaGorcePaléceCondominillm Association,M.	1.	.
com plete llis obligations tm derthe license. O nce fees and qxpenses am paid and the rem ainder
ofthe sple proceedsareplaced into a blocked acçotmt,Plaintiffsm ay renew theirTRIA clnim
andm oveforawritofgnrnishm entasto therem aining flznds.Thisisconsistentwith theCourt's
12
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priorruling regatding theM iam iBeach apartm ent.M arronv.M aduroM oros,No.21-23190-
CIV 2023W L 3619308,*6-7 (S.	D.Fla.M ay24,2023).9	7
. '
A. Thecf/àcfoftheCaballeroCaseontheAgency/lhstrumentalityDesignation
UnderTlUA,atlagency orinstrumentality is'any Specially DesignatedN arcotics
Traffickerthatisorwaseverinvolked in ateaoristorganizations'narcoticstrafficldng
operatiönsorthatassisted theorganization'sfinancialormoney laundering network becauseit'
Gçlwaseither'	.(1)materiallyassistiùgin,orprovidingfinM cialortechnologicalsuppoitfororto,'
orlprovidinggoods.orsel	wicesil	liupportofp'the(orgnnizations')internationalharcôtics
trao cl	dngactivitiesN d/or(2)Gowned,controlled,ordirectedby,oractingforor.onbehalfof
thegorgAnizationj,and/or(3)ç	playingasijnificantroleinthegorganization's)narcotics' . . ,
, ' '
trafficl	cing.'''Stansellv.RevolutionaryArmedForcesofcolombia,(StansellFJ,45F.4th 1340,
1357(2022)(citingStansellIL 771F.3dat724n.6,732).
The partiesdispute whetherPlalntiffs can establish thatGorrirèand Perdom o,and their
related entities'are agepciesand instrpm entalitiesofNicolasM aduro M oros,the Cartelofthe
Suns,and Tareck E1Aissamiin lightofCaballero v.FuerzasArmadasRevolucionariosde
Colombia,18-25337-C1V-M oore,2023W L 5437222,*9,11n12 (S,	D.Fla.Aug.21,2023)
(fmdingplaintifffailedtoestablishthatGorri	n,Perdomoandtheirrelated entitiesarèajentsor
instnunentalitiesoftheFuerzasArmadasRevolucionariosdeCololpbia(FARCI).In Caballero,. . ' .
.# . . . .
thedistrictcotu'texnmined thevariousschem esthatGonin and Perdom o wereùw olved in and
V orrinandPerdomoherecontendthatundçrJackson-plattsv.Gen.Elec.Cap.Corp.,727F.3d1127,1137(11th
Cir.2013),Plaintiffswouldneedtofileaseparatedeclarâtoryactionorcommenceproceedingssupplementaryto
obtainajudgmentthattheyareagentsandinstrumentalitiesofMaduro,ElAissami,andtheCarteloftheSunl.This
Courtdoesnotagreeaseparatecaseiswarranted.Jackson-plattsisnotacasewheretheplaintiffssoughtrecovery
' lm derTRIA andtheEleventhCircuit'sguidancein Stansellindicatesthatdueprocessrequiresnoticearld '
OPPOIODY tobeheard. '
13
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. detenninedonamotionforsummaryjudgmentthattheplaintiffscouldnotestablishthàtGorrln
andPerdomo(andtheirrelatedentities)areagentsandinstlalmentalitiesoftheFARC.
Caballero'slim ited holding isthattherecord evidencedid notestablish Gonin and
Perdom o asagentsand instnzm entalitiesoftheFARC.Although theFAR.C isalso aDefendant
here,Caballero'sholding doesnotprecludethisCourtfrom fm ding thatGonin andPerdom o are
agentsand instnlmentalitiesofthe otherDefendantsin thiscase,such asM adtzro,E1Aissnm i,
andthe Cartelofthe Stm s.Caballerô merely establishesthattheplaintiffsin thatcasefailed to
cormectthe dotsbetween Gorrin and Perdomo'sactionsand.theirallegedm aterialsupportofthe
FARC'Stezw ristactivities. Caballero,202.
3W L 5à37222,at*5(GçundertheEleventh Circuit
exnmple,itisasiftheFARC hi	res(A)M aduro,whouses(B)CeliaFloresto'	carry outsome
operation,whouses(C)LosChamosforhelpintheallegedoperation,who(D)receivemoney
âom Gonin foran unstated reason,and them ohey som ehow,based solely on speculation,makes
itsway up to theFARC and materially benelksthem .IftheEleventh Circuithad intended such a
broadinterjretation ofthe(agency/insirumentalityjrelationship,itwellcouldhaveprovideda
broaderexample.').
ThepartiesalsodijputewhetherthePlaintiffs'relianceonthe experttestimony of
DouglasFarah issufficientto establish Gon'in and Perdom o'sagency and instnlm entality status.
Gonin andPerdomo tlrgethe Courtto conductaDauberthearing asto theadmissibility of
Farah'stestim ony.The Courtwillrevisittheissue oncethijm atterisready toproceedto an
adversary proceeding.
B. W hetherthewritsarenulland void underthe VenezuelaSanctionsRegulations.
GorringerdomoandMr.W ilsbnarguethatallowingPlaintiffstognrnishandexecute
againsttheirblocked assetsviolatestheVenezuela SanctionsRegulations,31C.F.R.PM 591,
implementingIntem ationalEmergencyEconoznic.PowersAct(IEEPA),50U.	S.C.j 1702et
14
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seq.,and Executiv'eOrder13850.Intheirview,theregulationsrendetnullàndvoid any çllien,
execution,gnrnishmqnt''or	'otherGjudicialprocess''placedupon OfW c-blockedproperty absent	r
'
'
an OFAC license.Putanotherw ay,they arguePlaintiffsthem selvesm ustobtain alicenseto
recovertmdeïTRIA.ThisCöurtpreviouslyrecognized,however,thatGGgfloracreditorotherthan
avictim ofterrorism,federal1aw requiresacreditortoobtain anOFAC licensetotakeanyaction
thattouch:sonaKingpindesignee'jblockedproperty.''(ECF 76at7).Othercourtshave
likewiserejectedthepositionthatplaintiffs/judgmentcreditorsmustsecureanOFAC liceriseor
, '
otherwisegçtperm ission f'	rom theU.S.Goyernm entbeforethby can garrlish orexecuteon
OFAu-blocked assetstosatisfy aTR-	IA judgment.SeeAlbanOsiov.M aduroM oros,No.21-
20706-CIV-GAYLES,(ReportandRecommendation)(S.	D.Fla.July 17,2024)(ECF 121at5);
Stanqellv.FARC,No.19-20896-ClV-SCOLA,2019W L 10378357,at*2 (S.	D.Fla.Aug.26,
2019)(GG-	fhereisalsonorequitementthatPlaintiffsobtain anOFAC licensebeforeseeking
attachmentandexecutiononM ovants'blockedassets...Tm A judgmentholdersareexempt
, '
âom OFAC'Slicenstzrereqo ementswhenattachingandexecutingonblockedassetsofa
' torinstrumentality.i	');Stansellv.FARC No.09-CV-2308-7-	-36AA.	5 2019	terroz	istparty sagen , ,
WL 2637791,at*5(M .	D.Fla.a	llme20,zolgltGçplaintiffsandtheUnitedStatesarguethat
Plaintiffsdonotneed atlOFAC licenseforexecution ofKingpin Actblocked assetstmderthe
'
fh Cotlrtagrees.').Accotdingly,theCourtfindsthatPlaintiffs	TIUA onthesespecificfacts. e .
failureto obtain an OFA C licqnse doesnotaffecttheissuanceofthem 'its.
C. Whetherthewritsviolatesovereign immunity
M r.W ilson arguesthatbecausel	zislicenseisissuedby OFAC,itijsubjed tosovereign	rp ' ' .
immllnity.Tosupportthisposition,hecitesto Greenbaum v.Irann:	6-	lF.4th428 431(D.	C.Cir.
'
i . jj ' .	2023),wllich fmdswritsofgnrnlshmentseeklngdiscoveryf'	rom the .S.Attorneyasgnrnlshee
15
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violate sovereign imm llnity.Here,W ilson arguesasalicensee,heisan agentofOFA C and
therïfore,protected by sovereigù im munity.Forthisreasoh,healsom ovesto quash the
subpoenaagainsthinh seeking l'	lijfinancialrecordsasto theGorrin pad Perdom o assets.Asthe,
Cout'tfmdsthatthe Clerk ofCourtimproperly issued thewritsand thatm itsofexecution are
'
also hwalid becausetheproperty istmblockedby virtueofM r.W ilsèn'slicense,theCourtneed
notdecidetheissueofsovereign immllnity.TheCotut however,deniesthem otion to quash the
subpoenaasmopt,butwillallow 1W.	1.	.W ilsontoraijetheissueagainshoutdPlaintiffsreissuethe
subpoena.
D. PersonàlJurisdiction
D.	E.W ilsonarguesthatPlaintiffsfailtoestablishpersonaljtuisdiction overhim asthe
licenseeoftheproperty.Havingfound-ihewritsghouldbequashed and dissolved,theCourtwill
addressM r.W ilson's,	personaljcisdictionarplmentoncethismatterisready toproceed.
i	DONE A'ND ORDERED in ChnmbersatM inm i, Florlda,this ofFebruary 2026.	' .. e' .
CopiesfiTrnished to:
FEUE .M OREN O .
UN SYATESDISTRIOT JUDGE
CotmselofRecord
16
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