Derek May v. Kira Arthurs

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI

NO. 2015-CA-00405-COA

DEREK MAY APPELLANT

v.

KIRA ARTHURS APPELLEE

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 10/03/2014
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. CARTER O. BISE
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: HANCOCK COUNTY CHANCERY COURT
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT: PATRICK TAYLOR GUILD
DEAN HOLLEMAN
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLEE: MARK VINCENT WATTS
NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - CUSTODY
TRIAL COURT DISPOSITION AWARDED JOINT LEGAL CUSTODY AND
SOLE PHYSICAL CUSTODY TO THE
MOTHER, ORDERED THE FATHER TO
PAY CHILD SUPPORT, AND GRANTED
THE FATHER VISITATION
DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED IN PART AND VACATED AND
REMANDED IN PART - 06/28/2016
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:

BEFORE LEE, C.J., CARLTON AND FAIR, JJ.

LEE, C.J., FOR THE COURT:

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶1. Mason Beau Arthurs-May was born out of wedlock on January 29, 2014, to Derek

May and Kira Arthurs.

¶2. On April 8, 2014, Derek filed a complaint for an adjudication of paternity and other

relief in the Chancery Court of Hancock County, Mississippi. Part of the other relief that

Derek requested was reasonable visitation rights.
¶3. On June 12, 2014, the chancery court entered an agreed temporary visitation order,

granting Derek limited unsupervised visitation.

¶4. Following stipulations entered into prior to trial, the chancery court was left to

determine when regular weekend visitation would begin for Derek as well as summer

visitation.1

¶5. On October 14, 2014, the chancery court entered its judgment.2 Regarding weekend

visitation, the chancery court found that Mason was “still using breast milk and [Kira had]

the right to continue breast-feeding.” At the time of trial, Derek was exercising weekend

visitation every other weekend from Saturday at 10 a.m. to Sunday at 4 p.m. The chancery

court ordered this to continue until Mason reached eighteen months of age or was totally

weaned from breast milk, whichever occurred first. Then Derek would have visitation every

other weekend from Friday at 6 p.m. to Sunday at 6 p.m.

¶6. Regarding summer visitation, the chancery court ordered Derek would have Mason

beginning June 1, 2015, for a three-week period. Derek would also have Mason beginning

July 1, 2015, for a three-week period.3

¶7. On October 16, 2014, Derek filed a motion, asking the chancery court to reconsider

its ruling. Derek sought to begin regular weekend visitation immediately as opposed to the

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The chancery court was also left to determine (1) the name for the minor child; (2)
tax exemption for the minor child; (3) holiday visitation for Derek; and (4) child-support and
medical-insurance-premium arrearage.
2
The judgment was nunc pro tunc to October 3, 2014.
3
Kira would have weekend visitation during the second weekends of the three-week
periods.

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delayed start due to Mason’s age and breast-feeding. Derek pointed out that the judgment

allowed three-week periods of visitation during the summer, prior to Mason turning eighteen

months. Therefore, Derek asserted there was no reason to restrict weekend visitation.

¶8. On February 18, 2015, the chancery court denied Derek’s request for immediate

regular weekend visitation. The chancery court also modified the judgment to provide that

“summer visitation shall begin only if the minor child has been weaned from breast milk[,]

and if not weaned by summertime, the visitation schedule shall continue as is.” (Emphasis

added). Furthermore, “if [Mason] is not weaned off breast milk by the summertime, . . . once

[Mason] does become weaned, . . . [Derek] shall immediately receive three . . . weeks of

visitation . . . to make-up for the missing summertime visitation[.]”

¶9. Derek appeals, asserting the chancery court erred in restricting his visitation. Derek

also asks this Court to answer the following questions:

(1) Should the choice to breast-feed interfere with the standard visitation of fathers?

(2) If so, how long should standard visitation be restricted?

STANDARD OF REVIEW

¶10. In custody cases, this Court “will not disturb a chancellor’s judgment when supported

by substantial evidence unless the chancellor abused his discretion, was manifestly wrong

or clearly erroneous, or applied an erroneous legal standard.” Jaggers v. Magruder, 129 So.

3d 965, 968 (¶17) (Miss. Ct. App. 2014) (quoting Rolison v. Rolison, 105 So. 3d 1136, 1137

(¶4) (Miss. Ct. App. 2012)). “Questions of law, however, are reviewed de novo.” Id. (citing

Price v. Price, 22 So. 3d 331, 332 (¶8) (Miss. Ct. App. 2009)).

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DISCUSSION

I. Mootness

¶11. Kira claims the issue raised on appeal—whether the chancery court erred in restricting

visitation—is moot. Mason is now two years old; therefore, Derek is entitled to regular

weekend visitation according to the judgment. This Court has stated:

Cases in which an actual controversy existed at trial but the controversy has
expired at the time of review, become moot. We have held that the review
procedure should not be allowed for the purpose of settling abstract or
academic questions, and that we have no power to issue advisory opinions.

Wilson v. Mallett, 50 So. 3d 366, 368 (¶6) (Miss. Ct. App. 2010) (quoting J.E.W. v. T.G.S.,

935 So. 2d 954, 959 (¶14) (Miss. 2006)).

¶12. Although Derek’s weekend visitation is no longer restricted, Derek claims his summer

visitation is still restricted. According to the judgment, summer visitation was restricted until

Mason was weaned from breast milk. Derek claims that Kira has continued to breast-feed

Mason. Nothing in the record indicates that Mason is no longer breast-fed; therefore, we will

address whether the chancery court erred in restricting Derek’s summer visitation.

II. Visitation

¶13. “Child visitation, and its limitations, are awarded at the chancellor’s broad discretion.”

Cassell v. Cassell, 970 So. 2d 267, 271 (¶17) (Miss. Ct. App. 2007) (citing Harrington v.

Harrington, 648 So. 2d 543, 545 (Miss. 1994)). “The chancellor must keep the best interest

of the child as a paramount concern, while being attentive to the non-custodial parent’s

rights.” Id. (citing Faris v. Jernigan, 939 So. 2d 835, 839-40 (¶8) (Miss. Ct. App. 2006)).

“The court should be concerned with the need for the non-custodial parent and child to

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maintain a healthy and loving relationship.” Id. at 271-72 (¶17).

¶14. “When restrictions are placed on visitation, there must be evidence that the particular

restriction is necessary to avoid harm to the child.” Id. (citing Cox v. Moulds, 490 So. 2d

866, 867-68 (Miss. 1986)). “A lack of this evidence will render the chancellor’s restrictions

on the non-custodial parent’s visitation manifest error and an abuse of discretion.” Id. (citing

Fulk v. Fulk, 827 So. 2d 736, 742 (¶21) (Miss. Ct. App. 2002)).

¶15. The record before this Court fails to demonstrate that the restriction on summer

visitation was reasonable or necessary to prevent harm to Mason. Rather, Kira offered every-

other-week visitation in the summer until Mason was older. Kira testified that while Mason

was an infant, she “would like it to be a little more consistent.” It was the chancellor whose

“only concern [was] the breast-feeding.”4 Therefore, we vacate the chancellor’s summer-

visitation award and remand the case for the chancellor to revisit the issue of summer

visitation consistent with this opinion. However, we affirm the chancellor’s weekend-

visitation award.

¶16. THE JUDGMENT OF THE HANCOCK COUNTY CHANCERY COURT IS
AFFIRMED IN PART AND VACATED AND REMANDED IN PART TO THE
CHANCERY COURT FOR FURTHER PROCEEDINGS CONSISTENT WITH THIS
OPINION. ALL COSTS OF THIS APPEAL ARE ASSESSED ONE-HALF TO THE
APPELLANT AND ONE-HALF TO THE APPELLEE.

IRVING AND GRIFFIS, P.JJ., BARNES, ISHEE, CARLTON, FAIR, JAMES,
WILSON AND GREENLEE, JJ., CONCUR.

4
Kira provided breast milk whenever Derek had visitation, and the breast milk was
being supplemented with solid foods as well as apple juice and water.

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