Pro-Tops, Inc. v. Maksimenko

Pro-Tops, Inc. v. Maksimenko, 2025 NCBC 4.

STATE OF NORTH CAROLINA IN THE GENERAL COURT OF JUSTICE
SUPERIOR COURT DIVISION
UNION COUNTY 24 CVS 5124

PRO-TOPS, INC.,

Plaintiff,
ORDER AND OPINION ON
v.
DEFENDANT YURIY MAKSIMENKO’S
MOTION TO DISMISS
YURIY MAKSIMENKO,

Defendant.

1. THIS MATTER is before the Court on Defendant Yuriy Maksimenko’s

Motion to Dismiss (the “Motion”) pursuant to Rule 12(b)(5) of the North Carolina

Rules of Civil Procedure (the “Rule(s)”), (ECF No. 18).

2. The Court, having considered the Motion, the related briefing, and the

arguments of counsel at a hearing on the Motion held 6 February 2025, concludes for

the reasons stated below that the Motion should be GRANTED.

Van Hoy, Reutlinger, Adams & Dunn, PLLC, by Bryan Adams and C.
Grainger Pierce, Jr., for Plaintiff Pro-Tops, Inc.

Bell, Davis & Pitt, P.A., by Marc E. Gustafson, for Defendant Yuriy
Maksimenko.

Earp, Judge.

I. BACKGROUND

3. Plaintiff Pro-Tops, Inc. (“Pro-Tops” or “Plaintiff”) filed its Verified

Complaint for Injunctive Relief and for Damages on 10 December 2024 in Union

County Superior Court, (ECF No. 3). The summons was issued the same day.

(Summons, ECF No. 3.1.)
4. On 11 December 2024, this matter was designated as a mandatory

complex business case and assigned to the undersigned, (ECF Nos. 1, 2.) Also on 11

December 2024, Pro-Tops filed an Amended Verified Complaint. (Am. Ver. Compl.,

ECF No. 6.) 1 The Amended Verified Complaint purports to assert claims for breach

of contract, breach of fiduciary duty, misappropriation of trade secrets, civil liability

for theft by employee, tortious interference with customer relations and prospective

customer relations, and unfair and deceptive trade practices. (See generally, Am. Ver.

Compl.)

5. On 20 December 2024, Plaintiff’s counsel filed an Affidavit of Service

representing that on 19 December 2024, Defendant Yuriy Maksimenko

(“Maksimenko” or “Defendant”) was served with the Amended Verified Complaint,

along with other documents, by Legal Wheels Errand Services, LLC (“Legal Wheels”),

a private process server. (Aff. of Service ¶¶ 3−4, ECF No. 10.)

6. According to the affidavit of Nicholas Ayers (“Ayers”), an agent for Legal

Wheels, he attempted service on Maksimenko on six occasions between 11 December

2024 and 18 December 2024, without success. (Suppl. Aff. of Service ¶¶ 2−7, ECF

No. 20.8.) On 19 December 2024, Maksimenko, having received a message to call,

contacted Ayers by telephone, denied that he was “ducking service,” and arranged to

meet Ayers at an Ace Hardware store. Ayers handed Maksimenko a copy of both the

1
Plaintiff’s Affidavit of Service states that an alias and pluries summons was issued by the
Union County Clerk of Superior Court on 11 December 2024. (Aff. of Service ¶ 2, ECF No.
10.) However, the alias and pluries summons does not appear on the Court’s docket.
summons and the Amended Verified Complaint at the Ace Hardware later that

afternoon. 2 (Suppl. Aff. of Service ¶¶ 7−9.)

7. On 20 December 2024, Plaintiff filed a Motion for Expedited Discovery

in anticipation of a motion for preliminary injunction. (Mot. for Expedited Disc., ECF

No. 8.) Defendant filed a motion for extension to brief his opposition to Plaintiff’s

Motion for Expedited Discovery on 3 January 2025, first arguing, among other things,

that he had not been properly served. (Def.’s Request for Extension and Opp. to Pl.’s

Mot. for Expedited Disc. 2, ECF No. 14.)

8. On 10 January 2025, Defendant filed a supplemental brief in opposition

to Plaintiff’s Motion for Expedited Discovery, again first arguing that service of the

complaint was not proper. (Def.’s Suppl. Opp. to Pl.’s Mot. for Expedited Disc. [Def’s

Opp. to Expedited Disc.] 2−3, ECF No. 17.) Defendant followed his opposition brief

with this Motion on 15 January 2025.

9. After briefing, the Court held a hearing on the Motion on 6 February

2025, at which all parties were represented by counsel. (Not. of Hr’g, ECF No. 22.)

The Motion is now ripe for disposition.

II. LEGAL STANDARD

10. “It is well established that a court may obtain personal jurisdiction over

a defendant only by the issuance of summons and service of process by one of the

statutorily specified methods.” Glover v. Farmer, 127 N.C. App. 488, 490 (1997), disc.

2
Ayers testified that he also served Maksimenko with a copy of the Civil Action Coversheet,
the Amended Notice of Designation, the Assignment Order and the Designation Order.
(Suppl. Aff. of Service ¶ 9.)
review denied, 347 N.C. 575 (1998). “While a defective service of process may give the

defending party sufficient and actual notice of the proceedings, such actual notice

does not give the court jurisdiction over the party.” Thomas & Howard Co. v. Trimark

Catastrophe Servs., 151 N.C. App. 88, 91 (2002) (citation and quotation marks

omitted).

11. “Pursuant to Rule 12(b)(5), an action must be dismissed when service of

process is not valid.” BIOMILQ, Inc. v. Guiliano, 2024 NCBC LEXIS 8, at *9 (N.C.

Super. Ct. Jan. 9, 2024) (citing Draughon v. Harnett Cnty. Bd. of Educ., 166 N.C. App.

449, 451 (2004); see also N.C. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(5); Glover, 127 N.C. App. at 490 (“Absent

valid service of process, a court does not acquire personal jurisdiction over the

defendant and the action must be dismissed.”).

III. ANALYSIS

12. Defendant contends that this case is subject to dismissal for improper

service because “the Affidavit of Service does not indicate the sheriff was unable to

effect service such that a process server would be needed, and a review of the Union

County Sheriff’s website does not indicate service by sheriff was attempted or that

the sheriff was otherwise unable to serve the Summons and Complaint.” (Br. Supp.

Def. Yuriy Maksimenko’s Mot. to Dismiss 2, ECF No. 19.)

13. Plaintiff responds that it determined that service via private process

server was necessary because, in its view, “the multiplicity of attempts made by the

private process server demonstrates that any attempted service by the sheriff would
have been futile.” (Pl.’s Reply Supp. Mot. to Expedite Disc. 7−9, ECF No. 20.) But

Plaintiff misunderstands the requirements of Rule 4.

14. Rule 4 specifies the manner for service of process on a person. If service

is to take place inside the State, “[t]he complaint and summons shall be delivered to

some proper person for service . . . such proper person shall be the sheriff of the

county where service is to be made or some other person duly authorized by law to

serve summons.” N.C. R. Civ. P. 4(a).

15. However, private process servers are not always authorized by law.

When service is to be made inside the State, use of a private process server is limited

by statute to “scenarios where the sheriff is unable to fulfill the duties of a process

server.” Locklear v. Cummings, 262 N.C. App. 588, 597−98 (2018). Rule 4(h)

describes those scenarios and mandates the steps to follow:

If at any time there is not in a county a proper officer, capable of
executing process, to whom summons or other process can be delivered
for service, or if a proper officer refuses or neglects to execute such
process, or if such officer is a party to or otherwise interested in the
action or proceeding, the clerk of the issuing court, upon the facts being
verified before him by written affidavit of the plaintiff or his agent or
attorney, shall appoint some suitable person who, after he accepts such
process for service, shall execute such process in the same manner, with
like effect, and subject to the same liabilities, as if such person were a
proper officer regularly serving process in that county.

N.C. R. Civ. P. 4(h).

16. Thus, even in situations where the sheriff in the county in which the

action is pending is unable to effect service, use of a private process server is not

automatically authorized. Further, there is no futility exception in Rule 4 that would

permit a plaintiff to make a subjective determination that it is necessary to hire a
private process server. Instead, if the plaintiff submits an affidavit stating the

reasons that service by sheriff is not possible, the clerk of the issuing court is

responsible for appointing some other suitable person to do it. N.C. R. Civ. P. 4(h);

see also G. Gray Wilson N.C. Civ. Pro., § 4-4 at 4-15 (4th ed. 2020).

17. In this case, “there is no return of service or other filing in the record to

indicate that the sheriff could not serve, or did not make diligent efforts to serve,

[Maksimenko], or that the Clerk of Court has duly appointed any private

person . . . to serve process upon [Maksimenko].” Schwarz v. St. Jude Med., 2018

N.C. Super. LEXIS 502, at *5 (Jan. 16, 2018). Accordingly, Ayers’ delivery of the

complaint and summons to Maksimenko was not proper service. See id.; Locklear,

262 N.C. App. at 598 (“[T]he record does not disclose the sheriff was unable to deliver

service so that the services of a process server would be needed . . . . Accordingly, we

affirm the trial court’s order dismissing Plaintiff’s claims[.]”).

18. Nevertheless, citing Storey v. Hailey, 114 N.C. App. 173 (1994), Plaintiff

argues that because Maksimenko agreed to meet the private process server, received

a copy of the complaint and summons, and is on actual notice of the lawsuit, he is

estopped from arguing that service was not valid. (Pl.’s Resp. Opp. Mot. Dismiss

[“Pl.’s Resp. Opp.”] 3−4, ECF No. 21.) The Court disagrees.

19. In Storey, the plaintiff stipulated to two extensions of time for the

defendant to respond to the complaint. 114 N.C. App. at 175. It was not until those

extensions expired that the defendant moved to dismiss the plaintiff’s claims for

insufficient process, insufficient service of process, lack of personal jurisdiction, and
expiration of the statute of limitations. Id. The Court observed that the stipulated

extensions resulted in the responsive pleading not being due until well after the

deadline for the plaintiff to procure either an endorsement of the original summons

or issuance of an alias and pluries summons. Id. at 177. Accordingly, the plaintiff

“was deprived of any opportunity to cure any defects in the process or in the service

of process[.]” For that reason, the Court of Appeals reversed the trial court’s order

dismissing the action and held that defendant was estopped from asserting

insufficiency of process or service of process. Id.

20. Here, unlike the plaintiff in Storey—who was lulled by the defendant

into a false sense of security—Pro-Tops was alerted to the service defect no later than

3 January 2025, when Defendant identified the issue in his brief opposing Plaintiff’s

Motion for Expedited Discovery. Plaintiff then had until 8 February 2024 to effect

service. N.C. R. Civ. P. 4(c). Because Plaintiff has been on notice of the service issue

for weeks, and because he can still obtain an alias and pluries summons, he has not

been deprived of an opportunity to cure the service problem, and estoppel does not

apply. Storey, 114 N.C. App. at 177. 3

21. Finally, Plaintiff argues that even if service of process was deficient,

dismissal under Rule 12(b)(5) is premature. Instead, Plaintiff contends that the

3 Defendant’s response in opposition to Plaintiff’s Motion for Expedited Discovery did not

constitute a general appearance waiving his right to contest service. As stated above,
Defendant raised the service issue at every opportunity. See Ryals v. Hall-Lane Moving &
Storage Co., Inc., 122 N.C. App. 242, 247−48 (1996) (“When a defendant promptly alleges a
jurisdictional defense as his initial step in an action, he fulfills his obligation to inform the
court and his opponent of possible jurisdictional defects.”); cf. Slattery v. Appy City, LLC, 385
N.C. 726, 730 (2024) (“A defendant makes a general appearance when [he] appears before a
court and submits to its adjudicatory power without objecting to its jurisdiction over [him].”).
proper remedy is for the Court to quash the attempted service. (Pl.’s Resp. Opp. 4−6.)

However, North Carolina law holds that “[a]bsent valid service of process, a court

does not acquire personal jurisdiction over the defendant and the action must be

dismissed.” Glover, 127 N.C. App. at 490 (citing Sink v. Easter, 284 N.C. 555, 561

(1974) (emphasis added)); see also Loclear, 262 N.C. App. at 598 (Affirming the trial

court’s order dismissing the plaintiff’s claims. (emphasis added)); BIOMILQ, Inc.,

2024 NCBC LEXIS 8, at *9 (“Pursuant to Rule 12(b)(5), an action must be dismissed

when service of process is not valid.” (emphasis added)).

IV. CONCLUSION

22. WHERFORE, the Court hereby GRANTS Defendant Yuriy

Maksimenko’s Motion to Dismiss. The Amended Verified Complaint, (ECF No. 6), is

DISMISSED without prejudice. 4

IT IS SO ORDERED, this the 10th day of February, 2025.

/s/ Julianna Theall Earp
Julianna Theall Earp
Special Superior Court Judge
for Complex Business Cases

4
The Court’s decision moots Plaintiff’s pending Motion for Expedited Discovery, (ECF No. 8).