* In Re Detention Of A.c.

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IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF WASHINGTON
In the Matter of the Detention of:
A.C.,
Appellant.
DIVISION ONE
No. 82967-0-I
PUBLISHED OPINION
DWYER, J. — A.C. appeals from an order committing him to up to 14 days
of involuntary mental health treatment, contending that the petition for his
detention did not comply with the requirements of the involuntary treatment act
(ITA). This is so, A.C. asserts, because one of the signers of the petition did not
personally examine him. As the ITA did not require the person who signed the
petition to do so, we affirm.
I
A.C. was referred to a designated crisis responder after being taken into
custody on a federal probation violation after he was observed talking to himself
and behaving oddly. After evaluating A.C., the designated crisis responder filed
a petition for initial detention pursuant to the ITA. A.C. was admitted to Navos
Multicare Inpatient, an evaluation and treatment facility. On July 16, 2021, Navos
filed a petition to detain A.C. for up to 14 days of involuntary mental health
treatment. The petition alleged that as a result of a behavioral health disorder,
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No. 82967-0-I/2
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A.C. presented a likelihood of serious harm to others and/or other’s property and
was gravely disabled. It further explained that
[t]he Respondent suffers from a behavioral health disorder as
evidenced by bizarre behavior, disorganization, paranoia,
delusions, responding to internal stimuli, labile mood, and poor
insight.
Prior to current hospitalization, the Respondent was released from
psychiatric hospitalization in June 2021. Continuing to
decompensate, the Respondent was found sitting in a doorway
talking to self and flapping hands. The Respondent was not able to
identify mother as mother and yelled at her to cause fear for her
safety and change locks of the home. The Respondent stopped
taking all psychiatric medications. The Respondent has not been
sleeping and may not be eating. At the hospital, the Respondent
was placed in restraints for threats and agitation; code grey was
called. During the DCR evaluation, the Respondent continued as
paranoid and disorganized, unable to plan for safe discharge from
police hold. The Respondent has a history of similar behaviors
when decompensated, including violence. The Respondent is
currently decompensated and unable to plan for basic health and
safety needs.
The petition was signed by a social worker, a physician, and a licensed
mental health counselor. The licensed mental health counselor, Kassandra
Sparkmon, did not personally examine A.C., instead relying on information
available in his charts, consultation with his treatment team (including the
physician who signed the petition), and observations made during her limited
interactions with A.C. Sparkmon attempted to interview A.C., but terminated the
interview after a few minutes when he explained that he did not want to continue.
A.C. filed a motion to dismiss the petition on the basis that Sparkmon, one
of the two medical professionals who had signed the petition, had not examined
him. The trial court denied the motion, ruling that, under the circumstances
presented, the ITA does not require that the people who sign the petition have
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No. 82967-0-I/3
3
personally examined the respondent. After a hearing, the trial court ordered that
A.C. be detained at Navos for up to 14 days of involuntary treatment.
A.C. appeals.
II
A.C. contends that the petition for 14 days of involuntary mental health
treatment did not meet the statutory requirements set forth in RCW 71.05.230
because one of the medical professionals who signed the petition had not
examined him prior to doing so. Under the circumstances presented, however,
there is no statutory requirement that the individuals signing the petition have
personally examined the respondent. Such a requirement is, instead, only
present when the petition is based on substance use disorder treatment. Thus,
A.C.’s claim of error fails.
The meaning of a statute is a question of law that we review de novo.
State v. Christensen, 153 Wn.2d 186, 194, 102 P.3d 789 (2004). In interpreting
a statute, a court’s primary obligation is to give effect to the legislature’s intent.
Christensen, 153 Wn.2d at 194. The inquiry begins with the plain language of
the statute. Christensen, 153 Wn.2d at 194. “A statute that is clear on its face is
not subject to judicial construction.” State v. J.M., 144 Wn.2d 472, 480, 28 P.3d
720 (2001). Instead, we are “‘required to assume the Legislature meant exactly
what it said and apply the statute as written.’” HomeStreet, Inc. v. Dep’t of
Revenue, 166 Wn.2d 444, 452, 210 P.3d 297 (2009) (quoting Duke v. Boyd, 133
Wn.2d 80, 87, 942 P.2d 351 (1997)).
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No. 82967-0-I/4
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The relevant requirements for a petition for up to 14 days of involuntary
mental health treatment are set forth by statute:
(1) The professional staff of the facility providing evaluation
services has analyzed the person’s condition[1] and finds that the
condition is caused by a behavioral health disorder and results in:
(a) A likelihood of serious harm; (b) the person being gravely
disabled; or (c) the person being in need of assisted outpatient
behavioral health treatment; and are prepared to testify those
conditions are met; and
(2) The person has been advised of the need for voluntary
treatment and the professional staff of the facility has evidence that
he or she has not in good faith volunteered; and
(3) The facility providing intensive treatment is certified to
provide such treatment by the department or under RCW
71.05.745; and
(4)(a)(i) The professional staff of the facility or the
designated crisis responder has filed a petition with the court for a
fourteen day involuntary detention or a ninety day less restrictive
alternative. The petition must be signed by:
(A) One physician, physician assistant, or psychiatric
advanced registered nurse practitioner; and
(B) One physician, physician assistant, psychiatric advanced
registered nurse practitioner, or mental health professional.
(ii) If the petition is for substance use disorder treatment, the
petition may be signed by a substance use disorder professional
instead of a mental health professional and by an advanced
registered nurse practitioner instead of a psychiatric advanced
registered nurse practitioner. The persons signing the petition must
have examined the person.
(b) If involuntary detention is sought the petition shall state
facts that support the finding that such person, as a result of a
behavioral health disorder, presents a likelihood of serious harm, or
is gravely disabled and that there are no less restrictive alternatives
to detention in the best interest of such person or others. The
petition shall state specifically that less restrictive alternative
treatment was considered and specify why treatment less restrictive
than detention is not appropriate.
RCW 71.05.230 (emphasis added).
1 A.C. does not contend that the professional staff at Navos failed to analyze his
condition.
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No. 82967-0-I/5
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The plain language of the statute indicates that if the petition is premised
on a substance use disorder, the persons signing the petition must have
examined the respondent. No such requirement exists when the petition is not
premised on a substance use disorder. This is made clear by the location of the
sentence requiring that the petitioner has examined the respondent. The
requirement appears in RCW 71.05.230(4)(a)(ii), which—by its terms—is
applicable “[i]f the petition is for substance use disorder treatment.” Accordingly,
we conclude that the persons signing the petition must have examined the
respondent only when the petition is for substance use disorder treatment. As
the petition to commit A.C. for mental health treatment was not premised upon a
need for substance use disorder treatment, the examination requirement was not
applicable.
A.C. avers that despite the statutory language and structure indicating
otherwise, the legislature intended that the requirement apply to all petitions, not
just those premised upon substance use disorder treatment. This is so,
according to A.C., because a prior version of the statute2 imposed such a
2 Prior to amendments in 2017, RCW 71.05.230(4) provided:
(4) The professional staff of the agency or facility or the designated
mental health professional has filed a petition with the court for a fourteen day
involuntary detention or a ninety day less restrictive alternative. The petition must
be signed either by:
(a) Two physicians;
(b) One physician and a mental health professional;
(c) One physician assistant and a mental health professional; or
(d) One psychiatric advanced registered nurse practitioner and a mental
health professional. The persons signing the petition must have examined the
person. If involuntary detention is sought the petition shall state facts that support
the finding that such person, as a result of mental disorder, presents a likelihood
of serious harm, or is gravely disabled and that there are no less restrictive
alternatives to detention in the best interest of such person or others. The petition
shall state specifically that less restrictive alternative treatment was considered
and specify why treatment less restrictive than detention is not appropriate. If an
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No. 82967-0-I/6
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requirement. We are not persuaded. A subsequent legislative amendment
removed this requirement for most petitions. Had the legislature intended it to
apply to all petitions, it could have placed the examination-by-signor requirement
in subsection (4)(b), along with the other generally applicable requirements for
petitions, such as stating supportive facts and explaining why a less restrictive
alternative was not deemed appropriate. We conclude that the legislature’s
intent is clearly expressed in the words it chose to state its collective will.
As the ITA does not require that the people who signed a petition for up to
14 days of involuntary mental health treatment have personally examined the
respondent, A.C. fails to establish any entitlement to relief.
Affirmed.
WE CONCUR:
involuntary less restrictive alternative is sought, the petition shall state facts that
support the finding that such person, as a result of mental disorder, presents a
likelihood of serious harm, is gravely disabled, or is in need of assisted outpatient
mental health treatment, and shall set forth any recommendations for less
restrictive alternative treatment services.
Former RCW 71.05.230 (2016).
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