us-uspto-tmep-tmep-9090-subject-matter-index•TMEP subject matter index
TMEP subject matter index
us-uspto-tmep-tmep-9090-subject-matter-indexTMEP subject matter indexGuidance
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A Abandonment of application (See also: Petition to revive abandoned application)Reinstatement of inadvertently abandoned application) after ex parte appeal......................................................................................................................718.05, 1714.01(f)(i) after inter partes proceeding................................................................................................................................718.06 defined......................................................................................................................................................................718 express...................................................................................................................................................611.02, 718.01 granting additional time to avoid......................................................................................................................718.03(b) incomplete response resulting in..................................................................718 to 718.03(b), 1713.01, 1714.01(f)(ii)A location of files.....................................................................................................................................................109.02 notice of, for failure to respond...............................................................................................................718.04, 718.06 of multiple-basis application............................................................................................................................806.02(d) of multiple-class application...............................................................................................................................1403.04 ordering abandoned files.....................................................................................................................................109.02 partial.............................................................................................................718.02(a), 1402.13, 1403.04, 1904.03(d) petition from examining attorney’s holding of.....................................................................................................1713.01 through failure to file statement of use.................................................................................................................718.04 through failure to prosecute appeal.....................................................................................................................718.05 through failure to respond to Office action..............................................................................................718.02, 718.03 Abstracts of title..................................................................................................................................................503.08(a) Acceptable Identification of Goods and Services Manual....................................................................................1402.04 Access by public to files electronic images.................................................................................................................................................109.01 paper files............................................................................................................................................................109.02 Accessibility of assignment records.........................................................................................................................................503.08 of files held by Office personnel................................................................................................................................109 Acquired distinctiveness (§2(f) claim)........................................................................................................................1212 allegation of use filed with amendment to....................................................................................................714.05(a)(i) as to a portion of the mark.......................................................................................................1212.02(f)(i), 1212.09(b) as to particular goods/services/classes..........................................................................................................1212.02(j) based on five years’ use..............................................................................................................1212.05 to 1212.05(d) based on ownership of prior registrations...................................................................................1212.04 to 1212.04(e) concession that matter is not inherently distinctive.......................................................................................1212.02(b) disclaimers in applications claiming §2(f)......................................................................................................1212.02(e) establishing with actual evidence...........................................................................................1212.06 to 1212.06(e)(iv) evidence submitted to establish.............................................................................................1212.06 to 1212.06(e)(iv) first or only user.........................................................................................................................................1212.06(e)(i) five years of use as proof of........................................................................................................1212.05 to 1212.05(d) in part............................................................................................................1212.02(f) to 1212.02(f)(ii)(B), 1212.09(b) in the alternative............................................................................................................................................1212.02(c) in §1(b) application......................................................................................................................1212.09 to 1212.09(b) in §44 application.....................................................................................................................................1010, 1212.08 in §66(a) application..........................................................................................................................................1212.08 printing of...........................................................................................................................................................1212.10 prior registrations as proof of......................................................................................................1212.04 to 1212.04(e) unnecessary..................................................................................................................................................1212.02(d) with respect to incapable matter.....................................................................................................................1212.02(i) Act of 1881............................................................................................................................................1601.04, 1602.02 Act of 1905............................................................................................................................................1601.04, 1602.02 Act of 1920............................................................................................................................................1601.05, 1602.03 May 2026 Index-1 INDEX Abandonment of application — Act of 1920 Sec. No. Sec. No.
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Act of 1946 (See also: Trademark Act of 1946) Action after issuance of notice of allowance and before filing of statement of use.............806.03(j)(ii), 1107 to 1107.01 Action by affidavit/renewal examiner upon examination of renewal application...........................................................................................................1606.11 upon examination of §8 affidavit........................................................................................................................1604.15 Action by examining attorney (See also: Examination) after final refusal......................................................................................................................................715, 715.03(b) after new search..................................................................................................................................................206.04 all arguments by applicant to be addressed in....................................................................................................713.03 all outstanding refusals and requirements to be noted in....................................................................................713.02 citation of decisions in.........................................................................................................................................705.05 citation of registrations in.....................................................................................................................................705.03 date of..................................................................................................................................................................705.07 evidence supporting refusal in.........................................................................................................710.01 to 710.01(c) form paragraphs in...............................................................................................................................................705.01 incomplete response to............................611.05(a) to (c), 718.03 to 718.03(b), 1713.01 to 1713.02, 1714.01(f)(ii)(A) language in..........................................................................................................................................................705.01 non-receipt of.......................................................................................................................................................717.02 piecemeal action to be avoided...........................................................................................................................704.01 raising new issues....................................................................................................................................706 to 706.01 returned.......................................................................................................................................................403, 717.01 review by supervisory examining attorney...........................................................................................................705.06 “search clause” in................................................................................................................................................704.02 signature in..........................................................................................................................................................705.06 statutory language in...........................................................................................................................................705.01 supplemental action.............................................................................................................................................711.03 to be complete.....................................................................................................................................................704.01 Address changing address of owner of registration.........................................................................................................1609.11 changing correspondence address.................................................................................503.01(b), 609.02 to 609.02(f) correspondence........................................................................................................................................609 to 609.03 domicile address.........................................................................................................................803.05(a), 1612.01(b) for communications to the International Bureau.....................................................................................................1906 for communications to U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (“USPTO”)..................................................................305.01 for electronic mail communications...........................................................................................................................304 for filing documents to be recorded in Assignment Division................................................................................503.04 of applicant..........................................................................................................................................................803.05 of assignee............................................................................................................................................502.02(a) to (b) Advisory statement cannot serve as foundation for final refusal........................................................................714.05(c) Aesthetic functionality.................................................................................................................................1202.02(a)(vi) Affidavit of continued use or excusable nonuse (§8) (See also: Affidavit of continued use or excusable nonuse (§71)) appeal to federal court..................................................................................................................................1604.18(d) certification marks.......................................................................................................................1604.21 to 1604.21(d) change from mark as registered........................................................................................................................1604.13 character of use of mark....................................................................................................................................1604.10 collective marks...........................................................................................................................1604.20 to 1604.20(b) combined with renewal application.....................................................................................................1604.19, 1606.15 combined with §15 affidavit...............................................................................................................................1605.05 deficiencies, correction of.........................................................................................1604.06(b), 1604.17 to 1604.17(c) domestic representative, designation of............................................................................................................1604.14 excusable nonuse..............................................................................................................................................1604.11 Index-2 May 2026 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE Act of 1946 — Affidavit of continued use or excusable nonuse (§8) Sec. No. Sec. No.
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execution of.................................................................................................................................1604.08 to 1604.08(d) extension of protection to the United States (§71)..................................................................................................1613 fee for filing..................................................................................................................................1604.06 to 1604.06(c) form for filing......................................................................................................................................................1604.03 goods and services set forth in..........................................................................................................................1604.09 grace period...................................................................................................................................1604.04, 1604.06(b) nonuse...............................................................................................................................................................1604.11 notice on registration certificate.........................................................................................................................1604.02 Office action upon examination of.....................................................................................................................1604.15 ownership.....................................................................................................................................1604.07 to 1604.07(f) petition to Director.......................................................................................................................1604.18 to 1604.18(c) premature filing of.........................................................................................................................................1604.04(a) recourse after refusal..................................................................................................................1604.18 to 1604.18(d) registrations in 20-year terms........................................................................................................................1604.04(b) requirements for.................................................................................................................................................1604.05 response to Office action...................................................................................................................................1604.16 signature.....................................................................................................................................1604.08 to 1604.08(d) specimen(s).................................................................................................................................1604.12 to 1604.12(c) time for filing...................................................................................................................................1604.04, 1604.17(c) untimely filing cannot be cured...................................................................................................1604.17(c), 1712.02(a) use in commerce...............................................................................................................................................1604.10 who may file.......................................................................................................................................................1604.07 Affidavit of continued use or excusable nonuse (§71) (See also: Affidavit of continued use or excusable nonuse (§8))...........................................................................................................................................................................1613 certification marks.......................................................................................................................1613.21 to 1613.21(d) collective marks..........................................................................................................................1613.20 to 1613.20(b) Affidavit of incontestability (§15)..............................................................................................................1605 to 1605.06 combined with §8 affidavit.................................................................................................................................1605.05 fee......................................................................................................................................................................1605.04 form for filing......................................................................................................................................................1605.02 premature..........................................................................................................................................................1605.03 registered extension of protection of international registration...........................................................1605.01, 1904.11 requirements for.................................................................................................................................................1605.04 substitute...........................................................................................................................................................1605.04 Supplemental Register registrations not eligible................................................................................................1605.01 time for filing......................................................................................................................................................1605.03 §14 limitation independent of.............................................................................................................................1605.06 Affidavit of use (See also: Affidavit of continued use or excusable nonuse (§8))Affidavit of continued use or excusable nonuse (§71)) Affidavit under §8 (See also: Affidavit of continued use or excusable nonuse (§8)) Affidavit under §71 (See also: Affidavit of continued use or excusable nonuse (§71)) Agents................................................................................................................................................602.03 to 602.03(b) Agreement of drawing and foreign registration in §44 application......................................807.03(f), 807.12(b), 1011.01 Agreement of drawing and specimen...................................................807.03(e), 807.12(a) to 807.12(a)(iii), 1215.02(c) Allegations of use in §1(b) application (See also: Amendment to allege use)Statement of use)..........714.05(a)(i), 1103 Alphabetical List, International.........................................................................................................................1401.02(c) Amendment of application after decision on appeal....................................................................................................................................1501.06 after final action..............................................................................................................................715, 715.01, 715.02 after Notice of Allowance........................................................................................................................................1107 after publication....................................................................................................806.03(j) to (j)(ii), 1505 to 1505.02(g) May 2026 Index-3 INDEX Affidavit of continued use or excusable nonuse (§8) — Amendment of application Sec. No. Sec. No.
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from Principal Register to Supplemental Register in §1(b) application.............................................................1102.03 prohibited during period between issuance of notice of allowance and filing of statement of use, except to delete specified goods or services (§1(b) application)......................................................................................................1107 to add or substitute a basis for registration......................................................................................806.03 to 806.03(k) to change basis from §44 to §1(b)..................................................................................................................806.03(d) to change filing basis from §1(a) to §1(b)........................................................................................................806.03(c) to change filing basis from §1(b) to §44...............................................................806.03(g), 806.03(j)(i) to 806.03(j)(iii) to claim priority................................................................................................................................................806.03(b) to delete §1(b) basis........................................................................................................................806.04 to 806.04(a) to different register...........................................................................................................816 to 816.05, 1014, 1102.03 Amendment of dates of use after registration.................................................................................................................................................1609.07 to reflect a change, must be verified....................................................................................................................903.04 upon amendment of identification........................................................................................................................903.08 Amendment of mark in registration................................................................................................1609.02 to 1609.02(g) drawing..........................................................................................................................................................1609.02(b) fee required........................................................................................................................................................1609.02 in registered extension of protection...................................................................................................1609.02, 1904.13 material alteration of mark not permitted.......................................................................................................1609.02(a) specimen.......................................................................................................................................................1609.02(c) who may request...............................................................................................................................................1609.02 Amendment of mark on drawing.............................................................................................................................807.15 amendment to cure “internal inconsistency” not permitted..............................................................................807.14(d) in marks comprising domain names............................................................................................1215.08 to 1215.08(b) in registered extension of protection..............................................................1609.02, 1904.02(j), 1904.13, 1906.01(i) in registration based on §1 or §44 application.............................................................................1609.02 to 1609.02(g) in request for extension of protection of international registration.807.13(b), 1609.02, 1904.02(j), 1904.13, 1906.01(i) in §44 application...............................................................................................................................................1011.03 may not result in material alteration..........................................807.03(d), 807.14 to 807.14(e), 1609.02 to 1609.02(g) must be warranted by specimens or foreign registration.........................807.12(a) to 807.12(a)(iii), 807.12(b), 807.13 not permitted in §66(a) application..............................................................807.13(b), 1609.02, 1904.02(j), 1906.01(i) procedures for.........................................................................................................................................807.15, 807.16 processing unacceptable amendments...............................................................................................................807.17 to color features.....................................................................................................................807.14(e) to 807.14(e)(iii) Amendment of registration (See also: Amendment of mark in registration)............................................1609 to 1609.09 certification statement........................................................................................................................................1609.12 correction of mistake...................................................................................................................1609.10 to 1609.10(b) dates of use.......................................................................................................................................................1609.07 disclaimer..........................................................................................................................................................1609.05 effect on limitation of grounds for cancellation...................................................................................................1609.08 fee required........................................................................................................................................................1609.02 from Supplemental to Principal Register not permitted.....................................................................................1609.09 of classification..................................................................................................................................................1609.04 of identification of goods/services......................................................................................................................1609.03 of mark........................................................................................................................................1609.02 to 1609.02(g) of owner’s address.............................................................................................................................................1609.11 of registered extension of protection.................1609.01, 1609.02, 1609.03, 1609.04, 1904.13, 1906.01 to 1906.01(i) of registrations with color claim.....................................................................................................................1609.02(e) territorial restrictions..........................................................................................................................................1609.06 who may request........................................................................................................................1609.01(a), 1609.01(b) Amendment to allege use........................................................................................................................1104 to 1104.11 Index-4 May 2026 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE Amendment of application — Amendment to allege use Sec. No. Sec. No.
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approval of.........................................................................................................................................................1104.11 blackout period.................................................................................................................1103, 1104.03(b), 1104.03(c) dates of use..............................................................................................................................................1104.10(b)(iv) drawing....................................................................................................................................................1104.10(b)(vi)) ex parte appeals................................................................................................................................................1104.07 examination of, by examining attorney........................................................................................1104.09 to 1104.10(a) execution of...............................................................................................................................................1104.10(b)(ii) fee for filing..............................................................................................................................................1104.10(b)(vii) filed in conjunction with application...................................................................................................................1104.05 filing during pendency of ex parte appeal..........................................................................................................1104.07 form of...............................................................................................................................................................1104.02 identification of goods/services in.............................................................................................................1104.10(b)(iii) located after publication.....................................................................................................................................1104.04 minimum requirements for.................................................................................................................................1104.01 ownership...................................................................................................................................................1104.10(b)(i) requirements for.................................................................................................................................................1104.08 review for compliance with minimum filing requirements........................................................1104.01(a) to 1104.01(c) specimen...................................................................................................................................................1104.10(b)(v) substantive refusals...........................................................................................................................................1102.01 time for filing......................................................................................................................................................1104.03 use in commerce......................................................................................................................................1104.10(b)(iv) use on all goods/services before filing..........................................................................................................1104.03(a) withdrawal of......................................................................................................................................................1104.11 “America” or “American,” marks comprising.............................................................................1209.03(n), 1210.02(b)(iv) American Viticultural Areas..............................................................................................................................1306.05(h) Apostille..........................................................................................................................................................804.01(a)(i) Appeal briefs, applicants’.......................................................................................................................1501, 1501.02(a) Appeal briefs, examining attorneys’ failure to file......................................................................................................................................1501, 1714.01(f)(ii) format for...................................................................................................................................1501.02(b), Appendix A preparation of................................................................................................................................................1501.02(b) Appeal to Trademark Trial and Appeal Board amendment after decision on............................................................................................................................1501.06 amendment during.............................................................................................................................................1501.05 appealable matter....................................................................................................................................1501.01, 1704 application record must be complete prior to..................................................................................................710.01(c) dismissal of......................................................................................................................................1501, 1714.01(f)(ii) fee for.................................................................................................................................................................1501.04 in general..............................................................................................................................................1501 to 1501.07 time period for........................................................................................................................................715.03(c), 1501 withdrawal of refusal during...............................................................................................................................1501.03 Appealable matter................................................................................................................................................1501.01 Applicant address of............................................................................................................................................................803.05 application void if wrong party identified as......................................................................................803.06, 1201.02(b) association as...............................................................................................................................803.02(c) , 803.03(c) banking institution...........................................................................................................................................803.03(g) citizenship of........................................................................................................................................................803.04 communication with applicant who is represented by attorney............................................................................601.02 companies.......................................................................................................................................................803.03(c) corporation as................................................................................................................................803.02(c), 803.03(c) May 2026 Index-5 INDEX Amendment to allege use — Applicant Sec. No. Sec. No.
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correcting mistake in name of........................................................................................................................1201.02(c) eligible under §44.................................................................................................................................1002 to 1002.05 Federally recognized Indian tribe.....................................................................................................................803.03(j) foreign..........................................................................................................................................803.03(i), Appendix D government bodies and universities as............................................................................................................803.03(f) individual as...................................................................................................................................803.02(a), 803.03(a) joint applicants as............................................................................................................................................803.03(d) joint venture as...............................................................................................................................803.02(b), 803.03(b) limited liability companies as...........................................................................................................................803.03(h) limited liability partnerships as.........................................................................................................................803.03(k) may not be changed.........................................................................................................................803.06, 1201.02(b) minor....................................................................................................................................................................803.01 must be natural or juristic person.........................................................................................................................803.01 name of................................................................................................................................................................803.02 operating divisions.........................................................................................................................................1201.02(d) partnership as................................................................................................................................803.02(b), 803.03(b) properly identifying the applicant...................................................................................................................1201.02(a) sole proprietorship as......................................................................................................................................803.03(a) trusts, conservatorships and estates as..................................................................................803.03(e) to 803.03(e)(i) verification of.............................................................................................................................................804 to 804.05 who may apply.....................................................................................................................................................803.01 Applicant’s name....................................................................................................................................................803.02 Applicants, joint.................................................................................................................................611.06(a), 803.03(d) Application checklist....................................................................................................................................................818 Application files electronic.....................................................................................................................................109.01, 402 to 402.01 new, processing of....................................................................................................................................401 to 401.04 preparation of, for publication or registration of mark...............................................................................................817 to remain in Office....................................................................................................................................................109 Application for registration abandoned (See also: Abandonment of application)................................................................................................718 “amended”...........................................................................................................................................................702.01 approved for publication..........................................................................................................................................1502 base application requirements..................................................................................................................................819 basis for (See also: Filing basis) classification.........................................................................................................................................1401 to 1401.08 combined (See also: Combined application) concurrent use (See also: Concurrent use registration) dates of use............................................................................................................................................903.01, 903.02 declaration in lieu of oath................................................................................................................................804.01(b) Decorum required in communications with the Office.........................................................................................709.07 defective...................................................................................................................................................204 to 204.03 establishing ownership of.........................................................................................................................502 to 502.03 filing basis (See also: Filing basis) filing date (See also: Filing date (application)) form for filing.............................................................................................................................................................802 informal.....................................................................................................................................................204 to 204.03 intent-to-use (See also: Intent-to-use applications) multiple-class (See also: Combined application) persons who can sign verification........................................................................................................................804.04 priority under §44(d)............................................................................................................806.01(c), 1003 to 1003.08 Index-6 May 2026 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE Applicant — Application for registration Sec. No. Sec. No.
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should specify register on which registration is sought...................................................................................801.02(a) signature...................................................................................................................................................804 to 804.05 specimen..........................................................................................................904 to 904.07(b), 1301.04 to 1301.04(j) statutory averments.............................................................................................................................................804.02 suspended (See also: Suspension of action by Office)............................................................................716 to 716.06 TEAS Plus.......................................................................................................................................................819.06(b) types of.................................................................................................................................................801 to 801.02(b) use in commerce.............................................................................................................................................806.01(a) verification made in foreign country.............................................................................................................804.01(a)(i) verification with oath........................................................................................................................................804.01(a) Application serial number.......................................................................................................................................401.02 Applications for international registration (See also: International applications for registration) Article 6 ter of Paris Convention..........................................................................................................................1205.02 Artist, name of, on original work of art.............................................................................................................1202.09(b) Artists and authors, name of, as mark........................................................................1202.09 to 1202.09(b), 1301.02(b) Assignee entitled to prosecute application or registration......................................................................................501.05, 502.01 establishing ownership in name of............................................................................................................502 to 502.03 issuance of new registration certificate to............................................................................................................502.03 issuance of original registration certificate in name of...........................................................................502.02(a) to (b) not domiciled in United States.............................................................................................................................501.04 stands in place of applicant or registrant.............................................................................................................501.05 Assignment (See also: Assignee) accessibility of records........................................................................................................................................503.08 conditional.......................................................................................................................................................503.01(e) definition of..........................................................................................................................................................501.01 documents..........................................................................................................................................503.02, 503.03(a) establishing ownership.............................................................................................................................502 to 502.03 examining attorney’s action regarding.............................................................................................................502.02(c) failure to record....................................................................................................................................................501.03 indexing against recorded document not permitted.............................................................................................503.07 of extension of protection of international registration..........501.01(b), 501.07, 502.01, 502.02(b), 502.03, 503.03(a), 503.05, 1904.06, 1906.01(a) to 1906.01(a)(iii) of intent-to-use application..............................................................................................................................501.01(a) of marks in applications or registrations..............................................................................................................501.01 of §1(b) application..........................................................................................................................................501.01(a) of §44 application......................................................................................................................................501.04, 1006 of §66(a) application..........501.01(b), 501.07, 502.01, 502.02(b), 502.03 , 503.03(a), 503.05, 1904.06, 1906.01(a) to 1906.01(a)(iii) partial..........................................................................................................................................501.06, 1110.11, 1615 recordation of (See also: Assignment, recordation of) records open to public.........................................................................................................................................503.08 searching.....................................................................................................................................................104, 503.08 written assignment required................................................................................................................................501.02 Assignment, recordation of address for submitting documents.......................................................................................................................503.04 automatic updating...................................................................................................................................504 to 504.04 correction of errors in.......................................................................................................................503.06 to 503.06(f) correspondence address not changed by.......................................................................................................503.01(b) cover sheet............................................................................................................503.03(e), 503.06(a) to 503.06(a)(ii) date of..................................................................................................................................................................503.05 May 2026 Index-7 INDEX Application for registration — Assignment, recordation of Sec. No. Sec. No.
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documents eligible for..........................................................................................................................................503.02 effect of............................................................................................................................................503.01 to 503.01(e) electronic filing..............................................................................................................503.03(a), 503.03(b), 503.03(e) errors, correction of..........................................................................................................................503.06 to 503.06(f) fee for..............................................................................................................................................................503.03(d) indexing not permitted.........................................................................................................................................503.07 not a determination of validity..........................................................................................................................503.01(c) of extension of protection of international registration must be filed International Bureau....503.03(a), 503.05, 503.06, 503.06(b), 504.04, 1904.06 of international registration.....................................................................................................1906.01 to 1906.01(a)(iv) original documents should not be filed............................................................................................................503.03(b) petitions to correct or expunge assignment records.........................................................................................503.06(f) procedure for.......................................................................................................................................................503.05 requirements for..............................................................................................................................503.03 to 503.03(e) resubmission of documents for............................................................................................................................503.05 searching may be done on USPTO website................................................................................................104, 503.08 Association name of...........................................................................................................................................................803.02(c) state or country of organization of.....................................................................................................803.03(c) , 803.04 Assumed business name.....................................................................................................803.02, 803.02(a), 803.02(b) Attorney appearance by.............................................................................................................................................602, 602.01 associate power of...............................................................................................................................................605.03 bar information required...........................................................................................................604.02, 811.01, 1612.03 Canadian.........................................................................................................................................................602.03(a) change of.............................................................................................................604.04, 609.02, 609.02(a), 609.02(b) communication with...............................................................601.02, 604.04, 608.01, 609.01, 609.02, 707.01, 708.02 communication with applicant who is represented by..........................................................................................601.02 correspondence sent to...............................................................................604.04, 609, 609.01, 609.02(a), 609.02(b) identification information required.......................................................................................602.01(a), 811.01, 1612.03 invalid attorney identification information........................................................................................................602.01(b) Office may not aid in selection of.........................................................................................................................601.01 powers of (See also: Power of attorney)..............................................................................................602.01 to 605.04 representation of owner of mark by..........................................................................................................601 to 601.02 revocation of power of...............................................................................................................................................606 signature of........................................................................................................................................611.01(a), 611.02 standards of conduct................................................................................................................................................603 suspended...........................................................................................................................................................608.02 unauthorized practice...............................................................................................................................................608 withdrawal of.............................................................................................................................................................607 Audit, post registration........................................................................................................................1604.22 to 1613.22 Author, name of, as mark......................................................................................................1202.09(a) to 1202.09(a)(iii) Averments, statutory...............................................................................................................................................804.02 B Background designs and shapes as mark.........................................................................................................1202.11 Index-8 May 2026 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE Assignment, recordation of — Background designs and shapes as mark Sec. No. Sec. No.
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Banking institution as applicant.......................................................................................................................803.03(g) Base application requirements and additional fees..................................................................................................819 base application requirements..........................................................................................................................819.01 excess character ID fee....................................................................................................................................819.04 free-form text ID fee..........................................................................................................................................819.03 insufficient information fee................................................................................................................................819.02 Basic Facts About Registering a Trademark.............................................................................................................105 Basis for filing (See also: Filing basis) Blackout period...............................................................................................504.04 , 1103, 1104.03(b) to 1104.03(c) Blinded Veterans Association............................................................................................................................1205.01 “Bona fide and effective industrial or commercial establishment”......................................................................1002.04 Bona fide intention to use mark in commerce acceptable language for statement of..................................................................................................................1101 application filing basis, under §1(b)..............................................................................................................806.01(b) continued..............................................................................................................................................1101, 1108.02 must be asserted in request for extension of time to file statement of use.................................................1108.02(e) must be asserted in written application..........................................................................806.01(b) to 806.01(d), 1101 must be asserted in §44 application, even if use has commenced......................................................................1008 must be asserted in §66(a) application..................................................................................804, 804.05, 1904.01(c) not necessary to repeat in multiple-basis application...................................................................................806.02(g) Bona fide use in ordinary course of trade............................................................................................................901.02 Bona fides of applicant, in asserting intent to use mark in commerce, not inquired into by examining attorney....1101 Buenos Aires Convention.............................................................................................................................Appendix B Bulky specimens.............................................................................................................................................904.02(b) Business cards as specimens of service mark use...................................................................................1301.04(h)(i) Business trusts.............................................................................................................................................803.03(e)(i) Business with Office to be transacted in writing...........................................................708.03, 709.03, 709.04, 709.05 C Canadian attorneys and agents......................................................................................................................602.03(a) Cancellation of inadvertently accorded filing date.................................................................................................................204.01 of international registration.............................................................................................................1904.07 , 1904.08 of notice of allowance.....................................................................................................................................1106.03 of registration after expungement or reexamination proceeding................................................................1716.04(e) of registration for certification mark.......................................................................................1306.04(e), 1306.04(f)(i) of registration for failure to file affidavit of continued use......................................................................1604, 1604.04 of registration under §8.........................................................................................................................1604, 1604.04 of registrations under §14 or §37.........................................................................................................................1607 of registrations under §71...............................................................................................................................1904.10 surrender of registration for..................................................................................................................................1608 Catalogs as trademark specimens..................................................................................................................904.03(h) Certificate of extension of protection of international registration......................................................................1904.05 May 2026 Index-9 INDEX Banking institution as applicant — Certificate of extension of protection of international registration Sec. No. Sec. No.
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Certificate of mailing procedure correspondence returned by U.S. Post Office..............................................................................................305.02(g) date used to determine timeliness................................................................................................................305.02(e) effect of.........................................................................................................................................................305.02(e) eligible correspondence...............................................................................................................................305.02(a) location of certificate.....................................................................................................................................305.02(c) mailing requirements and address....................................................................................................................305.01 non-receipt of correspondence by PTO.........................................................................................................305.02(f) wording of certificate....................................................................................................................................305.02(d) Certificate of registration extension of protection of international registration........................................................................................1904.05 indication that mark is on Principal Register in...............................................................................................1601.07 indication that mark is on Supplemental Register in.......................................................................................1601.07 issuance in name of assignee.............................................................................................................502.02(a) to (b) new, upon change of ownership.......................................................................................................................502.03 Certificate of transmission (See also: Facsimile transmission, certificate of) Certification division of USPTO (See also: Patent and Trademark Copy Fulfillment Branch) Certification mark amendment to different type of mark..........................................................................................................1306.06(b) amendment of certification mark statement in registration.............................................................................1609.12 authority of applicant to control use of geographic term.........................................................................1306.05(b)(ii) based on foreign registration.................................................................................1306.02(a)(iv) to 1306.02(a)(iv)(A) cancellation of prior trademark registration as prerequisite to issuance of certification mark registration.1306.04(f)(i) cancellation of registration for.....................................................................................................................1306.04(e) certification statement..........................................................................................................1306.03(a), 1306.05(b)(i) certification versus performance of services and sale of goods.................................................................1306.04(b) characteristics of.....................................................................................................................1306.01(c), 1306.04(c) circumstances surrounding use of..............................................................................................................1306.04(c) classification of goods/services in application to register.............1306.02(d), 1401.03(d), 1902.02(g)(ii), 1904.02(b) collective mark, distinguished from certification mark................................................................................1306.06(a) dates of use........................................................................................................................................1306.02(a)(i)(A) definition of.....................................................................................................................................................1306.01 distinguished from other types of marks..............................................................1306.01, 1306.04(b)(ii), 1306.06(a) drawing requirements for............................................................................................................................1306.04(a) examination of application to register.....................................................................................1306.04 to 1306.04(f)(i) exercise of control............................................................................................................1306.04(b)(i), 1306.05(b)(ii) extension of protection of international registration............................................................1306.02(a)(v), 1904.02(d) foreign registration, basis for registration of certification mark..............................1306.02(a)(iv) to 1306.02(a)(iv)(A) geographic term used to designate regional origin...................................................1210.09, 1306.05 to 1306.05(c) geographically deceptive term not permitted..............................................................................................1306.05(e) government as applicant for...................................................................................................................1306.05(b)(ii) grounds for cancellation under §14, applicability to examination...............................................................1306.04(e) identification of goods or services..............................................................................................................1306.02(c) in §66(a) application...........................................................................................................1306.02(a)(v), 1904.02(d) indication of regional origin versus description of goods............................................................................1306.02(c) labor performed by specific group or individual, term used to certify that.......................................................1306.01 not registrable as trademark, service mark, or any other type of mark..............................1306.04(f) to 1306.04(f)(i) ownership of...............................................................................................................................................1306.04(b) Index-10 May 2026 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE Certificate of mailing procedure — Certification mark Sec. No. Sec. No.
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patent licenses, use of trademark or service mark by patent licensee distinguished from....................1306.04(b)(iii) purpose is to certify, not indicate source....................................................................................................1306.01(b) quality control by owner not a requirement.................................................................................................1306.01(a) related company use of trademark or service mark distinguished from.................................................1306.04(b)(ii) same mark not registrable as other type of mark...............................................................1306.04(f) to 1306.04(f)(i) special elements of applications for.........................................................................................1306.03 to 1306.03(c) specimens...............................................1306.02(a)(i)(B), 1306.04(c), 1306.04(d) to 1306.04(d)(ii) , 1306.05(b)(iii) standards....................................................................................................................................................1306.03(b) statement of control over use of mark....................................................1306.02(b)(i) to 1306.02(b)(ii), 1306.04(b)(i) statement of what mark certifies..........................................................................................1306.03(a), 1306.05(b)(i) statement that applicant does not market/produce the goods/services......................................................1306.03(c) title or degree not a certification mark....................................................................................................1306.04(d)(ii) uncertainty as to type of mark........................................................................................................................1306.06 use is by others............................................................................................1306.01(a), 1306.02(a)(i)(A), 1306.03(c) verification language in application to register.................................................................1306.02(b) to 1306.02(b)(ii) Certification or certified copy of foreign registration required for §44(e)............................................................1004.01 Chain of title..........................................................................................................................502.01, 502.02(a), 504.03 Change of attorney..............................................................................................................................................604.04 Change of correspondence address...............................................................................503.01(b), 609.02 to 609.02(f) Change of filing date of application.......................................................................204.03, 205, 206.01 , 206.04 , 1711 Character or person, as mark...........................................1202.09 to 1202.09(b) , 1202.10 to 1202.10(a), 1301.02(b) Check, returned unpaid affidavit of continued use or excusable nonuse (§8)......................................................................405.06, 1604.06(c) amendment to allege use........................................................................................................405.06, 1104.10(b)(vii) application filing fee.........................................................................................................................202.03(a), 405.06 extension of time to file statement of use......................................................................................405.06, 1108.02(c) renewal fee....................................................................................................................................405.06, 1606.05(c) statement of use............................................................................................................................405.06, 1109.15(a) Checklist, application................................................................................................................................................818 Checks, in general...............................................................................................................................................405.02 Citation of Decisions and USPTO Publications...................................................................................................705.05 Citizenship of applicant........................................................................................................................................803.04 Claim of priority (See also: Priority under §44(d)) amendment to add........................................................................................................................806.03(b), 1003.02 form of............................................................................................................806.01(c), 806.01(e), 1003, 1904.01(e) in application for international registration......................................................................................................1902.05 in request for extension of protection of international registration.................................................206.02, 1904.01(e) Claiming benefits of Act of 1946 under §12(c).....................................................................................1603 to 1603.03 Class headings..............................................................................................................................................1401.02(a) Classification of goods/services amendment after publication..........................................................................................707.02, 1109.14, 1505.02(b) amendment after registration...........................................................................................................1401.02, 1609.04 amendment from U.S. to international classification system.............................................1401.02, 1601.06, 1609.04 amendment not permitted in §66(a) application...................................1401.03(d), 1505.02(b), 1609.04, 1904.02(b) amendment of...........................................................707.02, 1401.03, 1401.03(b), 1401.04(b), 1403.02, 1403.02(b) cannot be changed in §66(a) application.........................1306.02(d) , 1401.03(d), 1505.02(b), 1609.04, 1904.02(b) certification mark.........................................................................1306.02(d) , 1401.03(d), 1902.02(g)(ii), 1904.02(d) May 2026 Index-11 INDEX Certification mark — Classification of goods/services Sec. No. Sec. No.
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changes based on 8 th – 10 th Nice Agreements.........................................................................1401.09 to 1401.12 collective mark................................................................................................................................................1303.01 collective membership mark.........................................................1304.02(d), 1401.03(d), 1902.02(g)(ii), 1904.02(d) criteria for determining.................................................................................................................1401.02(a), 1401.05 designation by applicant normally accepted...............................................................................................1401.03(a) designation by International Bureau in §66(a) application controls........................................1401.03(d), 1904.02(b) designation by Office..................................................................................................................................1401.03(b) in application for international registration.......................................................................1902.02(g) to 1902.02(g)(iii) in §66(a) application.............................................................................1401.03(d), 1505.02(b), 1609.04, 1904.02(b) international system..................................................................................................................1401.02 to 1401.02(c) plurality of uses...........................................................................................................................................1401.05(c) republication not required after amendment...............................................................................................1505.02(b) services.......................................................................................................................................1401.02(a), 1402.11 short titles of classes..................................................................................................................................1401.02(b) should be designated by applicant, if known..................................................................................................1401.03 specimens as related to...................................................................................................................1401.06, 1401.07 statutory authority for......................................................................................................................................1401.01 Clear error..................................................................................................................................706.01, 1109.08, 1706 Closings of USPTO, unscheduled............................................................................................................................309 Coat of arms, refusal to register mark comprising..................................................................................................1204 Collateral estoppel..................................................................................................................................................1217 Collective mark, in general (See also: Collective membership mark)Collective trademarks and service marks) definition of..........................................................................................................................................................1302 history of.........................................................................................................................................................1302.01 Collective membership mark application requirements..........................................................................................................1304.02 to 1304.02(d) classification.................................................................................1304.02(d), 1401.03(d), 1902.02(g)(ii), 1904.02(d) control over use of...................................................1304.02(a)(i) to 1304.02(a)(i)(A), 1304.02(b)(i) to 1304.02(b)(ii) definition..............................................................................................................................................................1302 distinguished from other types of marks............................................................................1302, 1304.01, 1306.06(a) examination of application to register.....................................................................................1304.03 to 1304..03(c) history of.........................................................................................................................................................1302.01 identifications..............................................................................................................................................1304.02(c) in §66(a) application...................................................................................................................................1904.02(d) ownership of................................................................................................................................1302.01, 1304.03(a) purpose of.......................................................................................................................................................1304.01 refusal to register.................................................................................................................1304.03(b) to 1304.03(c) specimens for.....................................................................................................................................1304.02(a)(i)(C) title or degree designations compared with............................................................................................1304.03(b)(ii) use is by members........................................................................................1304.01, 1304.02(a)(i), 1304.02(a)(i)(B) who may apply............................................................................................................................................1304.03(a) Collective organization nature of collective organization.............................................................................................................1302 to 1303 use of collective mark by members of.................................................................1302, 1303.01(a)(i) to 1303.01(a)(ii) use of trademark or service mark by...................................................................................................................1305 Collective trademarks and service marks application requirements.................................................................................................................................1303.01 Index-12 May 2026 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE Classification of goods/services — Collective trademarks and service marks Sec. No. Sec. No.
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control over use of.1303.01(a)(i) to 1303.01(a)(i)(A), 1303.01(a)(ii) to 1303.01(a)(v), 1303.01(b)(i) to 1303.01(b)(ii), 1303.02(a) definition..............................................................................................................................................................1302 distinguished from other types of marks.................................................................................1302, 1303, 1306.06(a) examination of application to register.......................................................................................1303.02 to 1303.02(b) manner of control...............................................................................................................................1303.01(a)(i)(A) ownership of...............................................................................................................................................1303.02(a) specimens for.....................................................................................................................................1303.01(a)(i)(C) use is by members.......................................................................................................1303.01(a)(i), 1303.01(a)(i)(B) Color amendment of color features of mark............................................................................................807.14(e) to (e)(iii) as a mark...................................................................................................................................1202.05 to 1202.05(i) as a separable element of a mark..............................................................................................................1202.05(c) black, white or gray shown on drawing.................................................................................................807.07(d) to (f) drawings of....................................................................................807.07 to 807.07(e), 1202.05(d) to 1202.05(d)(iv) functional color marks not registrable.........................................................................................................1202.05(b) gray......................................................................................................................................................807.07(d) to (f) in the mark...............................................................................................807.07 to 807.07(e), 1202.05 to 1202.05(i) lining........................................................................................................................807.07(g), 808.01(b), 1902.02(e) location statement....................................................................................................................................807.07(a)(ii) must be claimed as feature of the mark...................................................................................807.07(a), 807.07(a)(i) special considerations for color marks.......................................................................................................1202.05(g) specimens for marks comprising............................................................................................904.02(c)(ii), 1202.05(f) Color claim...................................................................................................................................807.07(a) to 807.07(f) Columns or sections of publications, marks that identify.............................................................1202.07 to 1202.07(b) Combined affidavit under §§8 and 15................................................................................................................1605.05 Combined application...........................................................................................................................1403 to 1403.06 abandonment of............................................................................................................................718.02(a), 1403.04 addition of class number(s) in.....................................................................................................................1403.02(c) amendment of.................................................................................................................................................1403.02 correction of class(es) in............................................................................................................................1403.02(b) deletion of class(es) from...........................................................................................................................1403.02(a) division of (See also: Division of application)..................................................................................................1403.03 filing fees for........................................................................................................................810.01, 1401.04, 1403.05 refusal as to fewer than all classes in.............................................................................................................1403.04 requirements for..............................................................................................................................................1403.01 single certificate of registration issued, unless application divided.................................................................1403.01 specimens for...............................................................................................................................................904.01(b) Commerce bona fide use in ordinary course of trade.........................................................................................................901.02 commerce that may be lawfully regulated by Congress....................................................................................901.03 definition of.......................................................................................................................................................901.01 territorial............................................................................................................................................................901.03 type of...............................................................................................................................................................901.03 use in (See also: Use in commerce) with the United States.......................................................................................................................................901.03 Commercial name.............................................................................................................................................1202.01 Commissioner, change of title................................................................................................................................1701 May 2026 Index-13 INDEX Collective trademarks and service marks — Commissioner, change of title Sec. No. Sec. No.
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Companion (copending) applications and registrations consent to register by living individual........................................................................................................1206.04(c) general examination............................................................................................................702.03(a) to 702.03(a)(iv) moving goods/services between applications.................................................................................................1402.08 priority actions involving multiple applications..................................................................................................708.04 unacceptable domicile address...............................................................................................................601.01(c)(iv) “Company” does not identify legal entity in the United States............................................................................803.03, 803.03(c) used in commonwealth countries to designate legal entity...........................................................................803.03(i) Company, related (See also: Related company) Compliance with other laws......................................................................................................................................907 Component or ingredient, mark used to identify...........................................................................................1402.05(a) Composition material of goods......................................................................................................................1402.05(b) Computer programs and software, recorded or downloadable identification of...........................................................................................................................................1402.03(d) specimens for...............................................................................................................................................904.03(e) Computer services, identification of.................................................................................1402.11(a) to 1402.11(a)(xii) Computer software as service mark...............................................................................................................1301.02(f) Computing period for response to action..................................................................................................................310 Concurrent use registration......................................................................................................1207.04 to 1207.04(g)(i) not permitted in §44 and §66(a) applications.............................................................................................1207.04(b) Conditional assignment...................................................................................................................................503.01(e) Configuration of goods or packaging........................................................................................1202.02 to 1202.02(f)(ii) Conflicting applications.............................................702.03(b), 705.03, 718.07, 1207 to 1207.03, 1208 to 1208.02(f) Conflicting marks...............................................................................702.03(b), 1207 to 1207.03 , 1208 to 1208.02(f) Congressional inquiry.............................................................................................................................................1802 Consent agreement.............................................................................................714.05(d), 715.03(b), 1207.01(d)(viii) Consent to register by living individual.....................................................................813 to 813.01(c), 1206 to 1206.05 Connection with goods or services.................................................................................................................1206.02 Implicit consent...........................................................................................................................................1206.04(d) Must be personally signed......................................................................813, 1206.04(a) to 1206.04(b) , 1206.04(b) Must be written consent to registration.......................................................................................................1206.04(a) Name or likeness is that of living individual...................................................................................813.01(a), 1206.01 Names and likenesses that do not identify particular living individual...........................................813.01(b), 1206.05 Not required if consent of record in prior registration.................................................................................1206.04(c) Presumed from signature of application.....................................................................................................1206.04(b) Printing of statement................................................................................................................813.01(a) to 813.01(c) Sample statements..................................................................................................................813.01(a) to 813.01(b) Statement required for base application...............................................................................................813, 819.02(k) Updating TRAM database........................................................................................................813.01(a) to 813.01(c) When inquiry required.....................................................................................................................................1206.03 Written consent must be personally signed.................................................................813, 1206.04(a) to 1206.04(b) Conservatorship as owner of mark.................................................................................................................803.03(e) Constructive use...............................................................................................................................201.02, 1904.01(g) Control over nature and quality of goods/services.......................................................1201.01, 1201.03 to 1201.03(a) Convention or treaty relating to trademarks...........................................1001, 1002.01 to 1002.05 , 1900, Appendix B Copending (companion) applications (See also: Companion (copending) applications and registrations) Copies of documents, when acceptable for filing.................................................................................................302.01 Index-14 May 2026 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE Companion (copending) applications and registrations — Copies of documents, when acceptable for filing Sec. No. Sec. No.
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Copies of materials in files, requests for...................................................................................................................111 Copies of trademark applications and registrations, requests for.............................................................................111 Copying materials in files.....................................................................................................................................109.03 Corporation address of.........................................................................................................................................................803.05 name of.........................................................................................................................................803.02 to 803.02(c) non-profit......................................................................................................................................................803.03(c) signature on behalf of......................................................................................................................611.06(d), 804.04 state or country of incorporation.......................................................................................................................803.04 tax-exempt....................................................................................................................................................803.03(c) Correction of drawing...........................................................................................................................807.13 to 807.16 Correction of errors in cover sheet or recorded document...............................................................503.06 to 503.06(f) Correction of errors in international registration.............................................................................................1906.01(f) Correction of mistake in name of applicant...................................................................................................1201.02(c) Correction of mistake in registration............................................................................................1609.10 to 1609.10(b) Correspondence address.........................................................................................................................609 to 609.03 applicant has duty to maintain current correspondence address.....................................................................609.03 change of.......................................................................................................................................609.02 to 609.02(f) establishing.......................................................................................................................................................609.01 in §66(a) application.....................................................................................................................................609.01(a) signature of request to change........................................................................................................609.02(b), 611.02 Correspondence for trademark applications...................................................................................................302.03(a) Correspondence for trademark registrations...................................................................................................302.03(b) Correspondence, not received by USPTO......................................................................................................305.03(d) Correspondence, returned as undeliverable.............................................................................................................403 Correspondence, with whom held............................................................................................................609 to 609.03 Country of origin................................................................................................................................................1002.04 Courier service, delivery of correspondence by.......................................................................................................307 Court orders concerning registrations....................................................................................................................1610 Cover sheet required for recording in Assignment Division.............................................................................503.03(e) Credit card..............................................................................................................................................405.01, 405.06 Charges refused or charged back............................................................................202.03(a) to 202.03(a)(i), 405.06 Cultivar names...................................................................................................................................................1202.12 D Date of filing (See also: Filing date (application))“Office Date” label) of first use in commerce....................................................................................................................................903.02 of first use of mark............................................................................................................................................903.01 of notarization of application.........................................................................................................................804.01(a) of signing of §2.20 declaration in application.................................................................804.01(a), 804.01(b), 804.03 Date stamp (See also: “Office Date” label) Dates of use (See also: Date of first use in commerce)Date of first use of mark) May 2026 Index-15 INDEX Copies of materials in files, requests for — Dates of use Sec. No. Sec. No.
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amending...........................................................................................................................................903.04, 1609.07 apparent discrepancies in............................................................................................................................903.06(a) in allegation of use, may be earlier than application filing date..............................................................................903 in another form..................................................................................................................................................903.07 indefinite...........................................................................................................................................................903.06 must be specified in amendment to allege use.............................................................................903, 1104.10(b)(iv) must be specified in statement of use................................................................................................903, 1109.09(a) must be specified in §1(a) application..................................................................................................806.01(a), 903 must be verified.....................................................................................................................................................903 pertain to at least one item in class..................................................................................................................903.08 relation between...............................................................................................................................................903.03 DBA designations............................................................................................................................803.02 to 803.02(c) De facto functionality..........................................................................................................................1202.02(a)(iii)(B) De jure functionality............................................................................................................................1202.02(a)(iii)(B) Dead languages, translation of.........................................809.01(b)(iii), 1207.01(b)(vi), 1207.01(b)(vi)(B) , 1209.03(g) Deadline for response...............................................................................................................................711 to 711.03 Deadline for response, how to compute...................................................................................................................310 Deceptive matter..........................................................................1203, 1203.02 to 1203.02(g), 1210.05 to 1210.05(e) amending identification of goods or services to overcome §2(a) refusal.......1203.02(e)(ii), 1203.02(f)(i), 1203.02(g) case references..........................................................................................................................................1203.02(g) determining materiality...............................................................................................................................1203.02(d) distinction between marks comprising deceptive matter and deceptively misdescriptive marks................1203.02(c) elements of §2(a) deceptiveness refusal....................................................................................................1203.02(b) marks comprising deceptive matter are not registrable...........................................................1203.02 , 1203.02(f)(ii) mere personal preference......................................................................................................................1203.02(d)(ii) objective criteria......................................................................................................................................1203.02(d)(i) procedure for issuing §2(a) deceptive refusals................................................................1203.02(e) to 1203.02(e)(ii) types of deceptive marks............................................................................................................................1203.02(a) Deceptively misdescriptive geographic marks..........................1210 , 1210.01(b), 1210.05(a) to 1210.06 , 1210.06(b) basis for refusal..........................................................................................................................................1210.05(a) test.......................................................................................................................................1210.01(b) to 1210.01(c) Deceptively misdescriptive marks......................................................................................................................1209.04 Declaration in lieu of oath................................................................................................................................804.01(b) Declaration under §8 (See also: Affidavit of continued use or excusable nonuse (§8)) Declaration under §71 (See also: Affidavit of continued use or excusable nonuse (§71)) Decorum required in communications with the Office.........................................................................................709.07 Defective application materials.................................................................................................................204 to 204.03 Degrees or titles................................................................................................1304.03(b)(ii) , 1306.04 , 1306.04(d)(ii) Delay between execution and filing of papers.......................................804.03, 1104.10(b)(ii), 1108.02(b), 1109.11(c) Deletion of items from identification...........1104.10(b)(iii), 1107, 1108.02(d), 1109.13, 1402.06(a) , 1604.09(b), 1613.09(b) , 1716.04(d) , 1902.07(c)(ii) of matter from mark on drawing...................................................................................................................807.14(a) Deposit accounts.................................................................................................................................................405.03 Description of mark accurate but incomplete.......................................................................................................808.03(c) to 808.03(c)(ii) application submitted without.......................................................................................................................808.03(b) examination procedure for............................................................................................................808.03 to 808.03(g) Index-16 May 2026 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE Dates of use — Description of mark Sec. No. Sec. No.
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guidelines for requiring.....................................................................................................................................808.01 must be accurate and concise..........................................................................................................................808.02 of color in mark.....................................................................................................................807.07(a)(ii), 1202.05(e) of location of mark on goods.......................................................................................807.08 , 808.01, 1202.02(c)(ii) of mark comprising configuration...............................................................................................808.01, 1202.02(c)(ii) of mark in §66(a) application...................................................................................808.01 , 1904.02(j) to 1904.02(k) of sensory mark................................................................................................................................................807.09 of significant aspects of the mark.....................................................................................................................808.02 of three-dimensional mark...................................................................................................................807.10, 808.01 printed on registration certificate......................................................................................................................808.03 printing of...........................................................................................................................808.03, 817, 1202.02(c)(ii) published in Official Gazette...............................................................................................................................808.03 Descriptiveness, geographical..............................................................................................................1210 to 1210.09 Descriptiveness, mere.......................................................................................................1209, 1209.01 to 1209.03(u) “America” or “American”.............................................................................................................................1209.03(n) combined terms..........................................................................................................................................1209.03(d) design, picture, or illustration.......................................................................................................................1209.03(f) domain names.............................................................................................................1209.03(m), 1215.04, 1215.05 first user......................................................................................................................................................1209.03(c) foreign equivalents.....................................................................................................................................1209.03(g) function or purpose.....................................................................................................................................1209.03(p) incongruity...........................................................................................................1209.01(a), 1209.03(d), 1213.05(d) intended users.............................................................................................................................................1209.03(i) laudatory terms...........................................................................................................................................1209.03(k) more than one meaning.........................................................................................................1209.03(e) , 1213.05(c) “National,” “International,” “Global” and “Worldwide”...................................................................................1209.03(o) no dictionary listing.....................................................................................................................................1209.03(b) phonetic equivalent......................................................................................................................................1209.03(j) procedure for refusal................................................................................................................1209.02 to 1209.02(b) punctuation.................................................................................................................................................1209.03(u) repetition of descriptive term.......................................................................................................................1209.03(t) retail store and distributorship services.......................................................................................................1209.03(r) slogans.......................................................................................................................................1202.04 , 1209.03(s) source or provider of goods/services.........................................................................................................1209.03(q) telephone numbers......................................................................................................................................1209.03(l) test for genericness.................................................................................................................................1209.01(c)(i) third party registrations...............................................................................................................................1209.03(a) Destruction of paper files.....................................................................................................................................109.02 Digitally created/altered or mockup specimens..................................................................904.04(a)(i) to 904.04(a)(iii) Diligence (See also: Due diligence in monitoring status of pending matters) Director, statutory authority of.................................................................................................................................1701 Disclaimer alliteration...................................................................................................................................................1213.05(e) as to certain classes, or certain goods or services..............................................................................................1213 compound word marks.....................................................................................................1213.05(a) to 1213.05(a)(ii) display of mark............................................................................................................................................1213.05(f) double entendre..........................................................................................................................................1213.05(c) form of......................................................................................................................................1213.08 to 1213.08(d) May 2026 Index-17 INDEX Description of mark — Disclaimer Sec. No. Sec. No.
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history.............................................................................................................................................................1213.01 hyphens and other punctuation..............................................................................................................1213.05(a)(ii) in relation to likelihood of confusion.................................................................................................1213.09, 1213.10 incongruity...............................................................................................................................1209.01(a), 1213.05(d) of domain name..............................................................................................................................................1215.07 of entire mark not permitted............................................................................................................................1213.06 of entity designations or the familial structure of an entity..........................................................................1213.03(d) of foreign words..........................................................................................................................................1213.08(d) of generic matter........................................................................................................................................1213.03(b) of geographic terms.............................................................................................................1210.06(a) to 1210.06(b) of misspelled words....................................................................................................................................1213.08(c) of pictorial representations of descriptive matter........................................................................................1213.03(c) of unregistrable matter in its entirety..........................................................................................................1213.08(b) piecemeal disclaimer not permitted............................................................................................................1213.08(b) refusal to register because of failure to disclaim........................................................................................1213.01(b) removal rather than.........................................................................................................................................1213.07 slogans ...................................................................................................................................................1213.05(b)(i) sound patterns............................................................................................................................................1213.05(e) standardized printing format for...............................................................................................................1213.08(a)(i) telescoped words....................................................................................................................................1213.05(a)(i) trade names....................................................................................................................................................1213.04 unitary mark not subject to.......................................................................................................1213.05 to 1213.05(h) voluntary.....................................................................................................................................................1213.01(c) Disparagement..................................................................................................................................................1203.01 Distinctiveness of product design...............................................................................................................1202.02(b)(i) Distinctiveness of product packaging........................................................................................................1202.02(b)(ii) Distinctiveness of trade dress.............................................................................................1202.02(b) to 1202.02(b)(ii) Distinctiveness under §2(f) (See also: Acquired distinctiveness (§2(f)) claim) Division fee for..............................................................................................................................................................1110.02 of application.................................................................................................................................1110 to 1110.11(a) of application subject to Board proceeding.....................................................................................................1110.09 of application under §44.................................................................................................................................1110.10 of application under §66(a).......................................................................................................1110.11 to 1110.11(a) of international registration....................................................................................................................1906.01(a)(iv) of multiple class application............................................................................................................................1403.03 of registration.....................................................................................................................................1615 to 1615.02 time for filing....................................................................................................................................................1110.03 when response to Office action is due............................................................................................................1110.08 when statement of use is due.........................................................................................................................1110.07 Divisions, operating or unincorporated.............................................................................................803.01, 1201.02(d) Doctrine of foreign equivalents ascertaining meaning of non-English wording.......................................................................................809 to 809.03 dead or obscure languages...................................................................................................................1207.01(b)(vi) descriptiveness...........................................................................................................................................1209.03(g) general..................................................................................................................................................1207.01(b)(vi) genericness................................................................................................................................................1209.03(g) geographical deceptiveness.......................................................................................................................1210.05(b) Index-18 May 2026 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE Disclaimer — Doctrine of foreign equivalents Sec. 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geographic significance..................................................................................................................................1210.10 likelihood of confusion...................................................................................................1207.01(b)(vi)(A) to (b)(vi)(B) "stop and translate"...............................................................................................................................1207.01(b)(vi) surname................................................................................................................................................1211.01(a)(vii) Document services (See also: Patent and Trademark Copy Fulfillment Branch) Documents not returned to filer................................................................................................................................404 Documents that the Office will record..................................................................................................................503.02 Domain names, marks comprising...................................................................................1209.03(m), 1215 to 1215.10 adding or deleting TLDs....................................................................................................................1215.08(a) to (b) agreement of mark on drawing with mark on specimen........................................1215.02(c), 1215.08 to 1215.08(b) combined with geographic matter...................................................................................................................1215.06 combined with surname.........................................................................................................1211.01(b)(vii), 1215.03 descriptiveness...........................................................................................................................1209.03(m), 1215.04 disclaimer of....................................................................................................................................................1215.07 effect of incontestability in ex parte examination............................................................................................1216.02 effect of prior applicant’s registration.................................................................................................1216 to 1216.02 for domain name registry services..................................................................................1215.02(d) to 1215.02(d)(iv) generic refusals....................................................................................................1209.03(m), 1215.05 to 1215.05(e) intent-to-use applications...........................................................................................................................1215.02(e) likelihood of confusion....................................................................................................................................1215.09 material alteration.....................................................................................................................1215.08 to 1215.08(c) phonetic equivalent of TLD.............................................................................................................................1215.10 surnames........................................................................................................................................................1215.03 use applications..........................................................................................................................................1215.02(a) use as a mark...........................................................................................................................1215.02 to 1215.02(e) §44 and 66(a) applications..........................................................................................................................1215.02(f) Domestic representative (of party not domiciled in United States) designation by applicant...........................................................................................................................610, 811.02 designation by assignee...................................................................................................................................501.04 designation by renewal applicant.....................................................................................................1606.10, 1613.14 with respect to affidavits under §8..................................................................................................................1604.14 with respect to proceedings before Trademark Trial and Appeal Board.................................................................610 Domicile address.............................................................................................................................................803.05(a) base application requirement.......................................................................................................................819.02(a) care of (c/o) address.....................................................................................................................................601.01(c) checking for petition to Director to waive requirement..............................................................................601.01(c)(v) determining.......................................................................................................................................................601.01 determining acceptability...........................................................................................................................601.01(c)(i) hiding............................................................................................................................................................601.01(e) in response to a requirement..........................................................................................................601.01(c)(ii) to (iii) mail forwarding service..............................................................................................................................601.01(c)(i) must be kept current.....................................................................................................................................601.01(d) no fixed physical address........................................................................................................................601.01(c)(iv) non-street address....................................................................................................................................601.01(c)(i) owners with non-U.S. domicile......................................................................................................................601.01(a) owners with U.S. domicile.............................................................................................................................601.01(b) petition to Director to waive requirement........................................................................................................1708.01 post-office box...........................................................................................................................................601.01(c)(i) May 2026 Index-19 INDEX Doctrine of foreign equivalents — Domicile address Sec. 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Drawing(s) (See also: Special form drawing)Standard character drawing) agreement with foreign registration in §44 application.807, 807.03(f), 807.07(b) , 807.07(d)(ii) , 807.12(b) , 807.12(d) to 807.12(e), 1011.01 agreement with specimens....................................................807 , 807.03(e), 807.12(a) to 807.12(a)(iii), 1215.02(c) amendments (See also: Amendment of mark on drawing) broken lines on.............................................................................................807.08, 1202.02(c)(i) to 1202.02(c)(i)(C) clear drawing of.................................................................................................................................................202.01 code..................................................................................................................................................................807.18 color..........................................................................................807.07 to 807.07(d)(iii), 1202.05(d) to 1202.05(d)(iv) color lining...............................................................................................................807.07(g), 808.01(b), 1902.02(e) deletion of matter from.................................................................................................................................807.14(a) determining when special form exists..........................................................................................807.04 to 807.04(b) dotted lines on..............................................................................................807.08, 1202.02(c)(i) to 1202.02(c)(i)(C) electronically filed application.......................................................................................................807.05 to 807.05(c) examination of........................................................................................................1102.02, 1104.10(b)(vi) , 1109.12 fax transmission not permitted..........................................................................................................................306.01 for sensory marks.............................................................................................................................................807.09 gray tones in................................................................................807.07(d) to 807.07(d)(iii), 807.07(f) to 807.07(f)(ii) in applications filed before November 2, 2003..............................................................................807.03(i), 807.07(f) in §44 application..........807.03(f) to 807.03(h) , 807.07(b) , 807.07(d)(ii), 807.12(b), 807.12(d) , 807.13(a), 1011 to 1011.04 in §66(a) application.807.03(b), 807.03(g) to 807.03(h) , 807.07(b), 807.07(d)(iii), 807.07(f)(i), 807.12(c), 807.13(b), 1904.02(k) ink (See also: Special form drawing) limited to mark..................................................................................................................................................807.02 limited to one mark...............................................................................................................202.01, 807.01, 1011.02 lining........................................................................................................................807.07(g), 808.01(b), 1902.02(e) long marks...............................................................................................................................807.05(a)(i), 807.06(b) mark drawing code...........................................................................................................................................807.18 mark entered in “Mark” field of electronic application controls...........................................202.01, 807.01, 807.14(d) mark on separate drawing page controls...........................................................................202.01, 807.01, 807.14(d) motion, drawing of marks with..........................................................................................................................807.11 multiple marks......................................................................................................................................202.01, 807.01 multiple rendition of three dimensional mark....................................................................................................807.10 not required for sound, scent or non-visual mark.............................................................................................807.09 punctuation, role of.........................................................................................807.12(a)(i) to 807.12(a)(iii), 807.14(c) purpose of..............................................................................................................................................................807 required for marks other than sound, scent, and other non-visual marks..............................................................807 showing position of mark..................................................................................................................................807.08 size of, in paper-filed applications................................................................................................................807.06(a) special form (See also: Special form drawing) standard character.........................................................................................................................807.03 to 807.03(i) substitute..........................................................................................................................................................807.15 three-dimensional marks..........................................................................................................807.10, 1202.02(c)(iv) type of paper for...........................................................................................................................................807.06(a) typed (See also: Standard character drawing) Dual citizenship asserted by applicant................................................................................................................803.04 Due diligence in monitoring status of pending matters......................................108.03, 1705.05, 1712.01, 1714.01(d) Index-20 May 2026 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE Drawing(s) — Due diligence in monitoring status of pending matters Sec. 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Duplicate registrations not issued.............................................................................................................................703 Duplicate documents should not be filed.............................................................................................................302.01 Duration of registration.........................................................................................................................1602 to 1602.04 E Educational institution as owner of mark..........................................................................................................803.03(f) Effective date of Madrid Protocol Implementation Act...................................................................................1900 (introductory text) of Trademark Act of 1946................................................................................................................................1601.02 of Trademark Law Revision Act of 1988..........................................................................................................1602.01 of Trademark Law Treaty Implementation Act.................................................................................................1602.04 Effective filing date of application.............................................................................................................206 to 206.03 Electronic filing, mandatory.................................................................................................................................301.01 Electronic filing through the trademark electronic filing system...........................................................................301.01 confirmation of receipt of..............................................................................................................................303.02(a) drawings.......................................................................................................................................807.05 to 807.05(c) signature.......................................................................................................................................................611.01(c) specimens....................................................................................................................................................904.02(a) Electronic funds transfer......................................................................................................................................405.05 Electronic image files...................................................................................................................................109.01, 402 Electronic mail..........................................................................................................................................304 to 304.03 attachments must be in .jpg or .pdf format.......................................................................................................304.01 cannot be used to respond to examining attorneys’ Office actions......................................................304.02, 709.05 communications that may be filed by................................................................................................................304.01 outgoing.......................................................................................................................................304.03, 403, 717.01 procedure............................................................................................................................304.03 , 709.04 to 709.05 Electronic signature.........................................................................................................................................611.01(c) in general......................................................................................................................................................611.01(c) generated using document-signing software....................................................................................611.01(c)(i) to (ii) Email address, required.............................................................................................803.05(b), 1612.01(a), 1904.01(j) English, application must be in.................................................................................................................................802 Enrollment and Discipline, Office of................................................602 , 602.03 to 602.03(a), 604.01, 611.05(b) , 720 Entity of foreign applicants, common terms designating.................................................803.03(i), 803.04, Appendix D Entity, legal..................................................................................................................803.03 to 803.03(k), Appendix D Equivalents, foreign.....................................................1207.01(b)(vi) to 1207.01(b)(vi)(C), 1209.03(g), 1211.01(a)(vii) Errors in cover sheet or recorded document, correction of..............................................................503.06 to 503.06(f) Establishing ownership of applications or registrations............................................................................502 to 502.03 Estate as owner of mark.................................................................................................................................803.03(e) European Union Trademark.........................................................................................................................Appendix B Evidence with respect to refusal or requirement.......................................................................................710 to 710.03 from Internet.................................................................................................................................................710.01(b) from research database...............................................................................................................................710.01(a) indicating no refusal or requirement necessary................................................................................................710.02 May 2026 Index-21 INDEX Duplicate registrations not issued — Evidence with respect to refusal or requirement Sec. 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of third party registration...................................................................................................................................710.03 record must be complete prior to appeal...................................................................................710.01(c), 1501.02(b) remand for introduction of new evidence........................................................................................................1504.05 Ex parte, contacts with third parties regarding ex parte matters............................................................................1806 Examination checklist.................................................................................................................................................................818 initial (See also: Intent-to-use applications, initial examination of).............................704 to 704.03, 1102 to 1102.04 of related applications..................................................................................................................702.03 to 702.03(b) of §66(a) application.................................................................................................................1904.02 to 1904.09(b) order of...................................................................................................702.01, 702.02, 702.03(a)(i) to 702.03(a)(ii) procedure...............................................................................................................................................704 to 704.03 search..................................................................................................................................................704.02, 718.07 “second” examination (See also: Statement of use, examination of) “special” applications............................................................................................................702.02, 1710 to 1710.02 statutory authority for.............................................................................................................................................701 suspended applications.........................................................................................................................716 to 716.06 Examiner’s amendment approval of........................................................................................................................................................707.01 combined with priority action............................................................................................................................708.05 form of...............................................................................................................................................................707.03 may not be issued as first action in §66(a) application..........................................................................................707 objection to amendment of identification of goods/services.......................................................................1402.07(e) paralegal cannot authorize..................................................................................................................608.01, 707.01 to charge fee........................................................................................................................................405.03, 810.01 to enter standard character claim.....................................................................................................................707.02 when appropriate...................................................................................................................................707 to 707.02 without prior authorization.................................................................................................................................707.02 Examining attorneys’ appeal briefs (See also: Appeal briefs, examining attorneys’) Express abandonment of application........................................................................................608.01, 611.02, 718.01 Expungement.....................................................................................................................................1716 - 1716.04(h) basis...........................................................................................................................................................1716.02(a) consolidating proceedings..........................................................................................................................1716.03(b) cancellation of the registration....................................................................................................................1716.04(e) co-pending proceedings.............................................................................................................................1716.04(h) deleting goods and/or services...................................................................................................................1716.04(d) evidence of use or excusable nonuse.........................................................................................................1716.04(c) estoppel .....................................................................................................................................................1716.04(g) instituting proceedings ...................................................................................................................................1716.03 final action .................................................................................................................................................1716.04(e) notice of institution and Office action .........................................................................................................1716.04(a) notice of petition ........................................................................................................................................1716.02(d) notice of termination...................................................................................................................................1716.04(e) petition for...................................................................................................................................1716.02 - 1716.02(b) prima facie case of nonuse.........................................................................................................................1716.03(a) procedures for expungement proceedings.....................................................................................................1716.04 reasonable investigation.....................................................................................................1716.02(c) - 1716.02(c)(i) reinstatement after cancellation for failure to respond.................................................................................1716.04(f) responding to Office action.........................................................................................................................1716.04(b) Index-22 May 2026 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE Evidence with respect to refusal or requirement — Expungement Sec. 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sources of information and evidence......................................................................................................1716.02(c)(ii) surrendering the registration......................................................................................................................1716.04(d) suspension pending disposition of expungement proceeding.......................................................................716.02(j) timing..............................................................................................................................................................1716.01 Extension of protection of international registration to the United States (See also: Registered extension of protection)Section 66(a)) affidavit of continued use or excusable nonuse....................................................................................1613, 1904.10 affidavit of incontestability................................................................................................................1605.01, 1904.11 amendment of identification of goods/services.........................1402.01(c), 1609.01, 1904.02(c) to (c)(v), 1906.01(i) amendment of mark not permitted............................................................807.13(b), 1609.02, 1904.02(j), 1906.01(i) amendment to Supplemental Register not permitted...............................801.02(b), 815, 816.01, 816.04, 1904.02(f) amendments to...........................................................................................................................................1904.13(a) assignability of..............................................................................................................................................501.01(b) assignee, issuance of registration certificate in name of.................................................................502.02(b), 502.03 assignment of..................501.01(b), 501.07, 502.01, 502.02(b), 502.03, 503.03(a), 503.05, 1904.06, 1906.01(a) to 1906.01(a)(iii) basis......................................................................................................806.01(e), 806.03(k), 1505.02(f), 1904.01(a) can be amended under §7 only in limited circumstances...........................................................................1609.01(a) cancellation of, by IB.......................................................................................................................................1904.08 cannot be based on USPTO application....................................................................................................1904.01(h) certificate of registration..................................................................................................................................1904.05 certificate of registration, issuance in name of new owner..............................................................502.02(b), 502.03 claim of acquired distinctiveness....................................................................................................................1212.08 classification of goods and services.1401.03(d), 1403.02, 1403.02(b), 1403.02(c), 1505.02(b), 1609.04, 1904.02(b), 1904.02(c) to (c)(v) concurrent use registration not permitted...................................................................................................1207.04(b) constructive use.........................................................................................................................................1904.01(g) correction of errors............................................1904.02(e)(i), 1904.03(f), 1904.13, 1904.13(b), 1904.14, 1906.01(f) correspondence address............................................................................................................609.01(a), 1904.02(i) declaration of intent to use required..............................................................................................804.05, 1904.01(c) dividing.............................................................................................................................................1110.11, 1615.02 domicile address, updating of.......................................................................................................................609.01(a) email address .........................................................................................601.01(a), 609.01(a), 803.05(b), 1904.01(j) drawing.....807.03(b), 807.03(g), 807.03(h), 807.07(b), 807.07(d)(iii), 807.07(f)(i), 807.12(c), 807.13(b), 1904.02(k) establishing right to take action.........................................................................................................................502.01 examination of........................................................................................................1904.02 to 1904.02(l), 1904.09(b) express abandonment of........................................................................................................608.01, 611.02, 718.01 filing basis..............................................................................................806.01(e), 806.03(k), 1505.02(f), 1904.01(a) filing date...............................................................................201 to 201.02, 202 to 202.01, 202.03, 203, 1904.01(b) filing fee.....................................................................................................202.03, 810 to 810.01, 810.01, 1904.01(f) filing receipt.......................................................................................................................................................401.01 identification of goods and services.....................................1402.01(c), 1609.01(a), 1904.02(c) to (c)(v), 1906.01(i) incontestability, affidavit of...............................................................................................................1605.01, 1904.11 invalidation of............................................................................................................................1904.07 to 1904.07(d) issuance of registration certificate in name of new owner...............................................................502.02(b), 502.03 jurisdiction.....................................................................................................................................1504.04, 1904.02(l) limitation in list of goods/services.....................................................1904.02(e)(ii), 1904.03(g), 1904.15, 1906.01(e) mark cannot be amended.........................................................................807.13(b), 1609.02, 1904.02(j), 1906.01(i) May 2026 Index-23 INDEX Expungement — Extension of protection of international registration to the United ... 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must be filed by holder of international registration.............................................................................................1201 notice of refusal.........................................................................................................1904.03 to 1904.03(g), 1904.04 Office actions, issuing................................................................................................................................1904.02(h) opposition.................................................................................1503.01 to 1503.05, 1504.02 to 1504.04(a), 1904.04 ownership, change of...........501.01(b), 501.07, 502.01, 502.02(b), 502.03, 503.03(a), 503.05, 1904.06, 1906.01 to 1906.01(a)(iv) ownership, in general............................................................................................501 to 501.07, 502, 1201, 1904.06 priority claim..................................................................................................................................206.02, 1904.01(e) recording change of ownership...........................................................503.05, 1904.06, 1906.01(a) to 1906.01(a)(iv) refusal of.....................................................................................711.03, 714.05(b), 1904.03 to 1904.03(g), 1904.04 remains part of international registration........................................................................................................1904.05 remand..............................................................................................................................1504.02, 1504.04, 1504.05 renewal of................................................................................................................1602.01, 1606.01(b), 1614, 1905 replacement..........................................................................................................................................1616, 1904.12 signature...........................................................................................................................804.04, 804.05, 1904.01(c) Supplemental Register, amendment to not a new issue...........................................................................714.05(a)(i) Supplemental Register, not registrable on...............................................801.02(b), 815, 816.01, 816.04, 1904.02(f) transformation of......................................................................................................................1904.09 to 1904.09(b) use not required.................................................................................................................................901, 1904.01(d) verification.............................................................................................804, 804.04, 804.05, 1904.01(c), 1904.02(d) when representation required ...................................................................................................601.01(a), 1904.01(i) Extension of time to file statement of use (See also: Request for extension of time to file statement of use) Extension of time to oppose..............................................................................................................................1503.04 Extension of time to respond to Office action..................................................................................711.01 to 711.01(b) F Facsimile transmission, filing of correspondence by.................................................................................................306 Failure to Function..............................................................................................................................1202 , 1301.02(a) background designs and shapes....................................................................................................................1202.11 color as a mark.........................................................................................................................1202.05 to 1202.05(a) hashtag marks..........................................................................................................................1202.18 to 1202.18(b) holograms.......................................................................................................................................................1202.14 inconsistent goods or services...........................................................................................1202.19(f) to 1202.19(f)(ii) informational matter........................................................................................................................................1202.04 model grade designations..........................................................................................................................1202.16(a) names of artists and authors......................................................................................................................1202.09(a) names and designs of characters in creative works.......................................................................................1202.10 ornamentation.................................................................................................................................................1202.03 product design.........................................................................................................................................1202.02(b)(i) product packaging..................................................................................................................................1202.02(b)(ii) repeating pattern marks, not inherently distinctive..........................................................1202.19(e) to 1202.19(e)(iii) scent, fragrance, or flavor...............................................................................................................................1202.13 service marks.............................................................................................................................................1301.02(a) Index-24 May 2026 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE Extension of protection of international registration to the United ... — Failure to Function Sec. 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title of single creative work..............................................................................................................................1202.08 universal symbols............................................................................................................1202.17(c) to 1202.17(c)(iii) varietal and cultivar names.............................................................................................................................1202.12 False suggestion of connection..........................................................................................1203.03(c) to 1203.03(c)(iii) Family of marks........................................................................................................................................1207.01(d)(xi) Fax transmission (See also: Facsimile transmission, filing of correspondence by) Federal holiday, response period ending on.............................................................................................................308 Fee(s) electronic funds transfer....................................................................................................................................405.05 excess character ID fee....................................................................................................................................819.04 for correcting irregularities in international application............................................................................1902.07(b)(i) for filing amendment to allege use........................................................................................................1104.10(b)(vii) for filing application.....................................................................................202.03, 810 to 810.02, 1401.04, 1403.01 for filing ex parte appeal.................................................................................................................................1501.04 for filing international application..................................................................................................1902.02(i), 1903.02 for filing multiple-class application...........................................................................810 to 810.01, 1401.04, 1403.01 for filing notice of opposition...........................................................................................................................1503.01 for filing petition for expungement...............................................................................................................1716.02(b) for filing petition for reexamination..............................................................................................................1716.02(b) for filing petition to revive abandoned application.....................1714, 1714.01, 1714.01(a(i), 1714.01(b), 1714.01(c) for filing request for extension of time to file statement of use....................................................................1108.02(c) for filing request for transformation.............................................................................................................1904.09(a) for filing request to record changes in ownership to an international registration...................................1906.01(a)(i) for filing statement of use................................................................................................................................1109.15 for filing subsequent designation................................................................................................................1902.08(c) for recording document in Assignment Recordation Branch........................................................................503.03(d) for request to divide........................................................................................................................................1110.02 free-form text ID fee..........................................................................................................................................819.03 international, payment of................................................................................................................................1903.02 insufficient information fee................................................................................................................................819.02 method of payment of............................................................................................................................405 to 405.06 number of..................................................................................................810 to 810.01, 1401.04, 1403.01, 1403.05 refund of (See also: Refund of fees) refused by financial institution..................................................................................202.03(a) to 202.03(a)(i), 405.06 returned check...202.03(a) to 202.03(a)(i), 405.06, 1104.01(b), 1104.10(b)(vii), 1108.02(c), 1109.15(a), 1604.06(c), 1606.05(c), 1613.06(c), 1705.02 Files, access to.........................................................................................................................................109 to 109.03 Files, destruction of.............................................................................................................................................109.02 Files, electronic...............................................................................................................109.01, 109.03, 402 to 402.01 Filing basis abandonment of multiple-basis application..................................................................................................806.02(d) amendment after publication...............................................................................806.03(j) to 806.03(j)(iii), 1505.02(f) amendment from §1(a) to §1(b)....................................................................................................................806.03(c) amendment from §1(b) to §44......................................................................................................................806.03(g) amendment from §44 to §1(b)......................................................................................................................806.03(d) amendment of §66(a) basis not permitted..............................................806.03(k), 806.03(l), 1505.02(f), 1904.01(a) amendment, effect on filing date.................................................................................................806.03(h), 806.04(b) amendment, verification of...........................................................................................................806.02(e), 806.03(i) May 2026 Index-25 INDEX Failure to Function — Filing basis Sec. 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bona fide intention to use mark in commerce.........................................................806.01(b) to 806.01(e), 806.02(e) changing........................................................................................................................................806.03 to 806.03(l) changing after publication......................................................................................................806.03(j) to 806.03(j)(iii) claim of priority under §44(d)...........................................................806.01(c), 806.02(f), 806.03(b), 806.04(b), 1003 combining §1 and §44..........................................806.02(a), 806.02(e) to 806.02(f), 806.03(d), 806.03(f), 806.04(b) combining §1(a) and §1(b)......................................................................................806.02(a) to 806.02(b), 806.03(c) deletion of §1(b) basis..................................................................................................................806.04 to 806.04(a) deletion of, in general........................................................................................................................................806.04 extension of protection of international registration under §66(a).............................................806.01(e), 1904.01(a) foreign registration under §44(e).....................................................................806.01(d), 806.02(e), 1004 to 1004.02 intent-to-use......................................806.01(b), 806.02(b), 806.03(c) to 806.03(e), 806.03(e), 806.03(g), 806.04(a) multiple.........................................................................................................................................806.02 to 806.02(g) must be stated in written application......................................................................................................................806 requirements for establishing.......................................................................................................806.01 to 806.01(e) review prior to publication or issue....................................................................................................................806.05 specimen, deferral of examination in multiple-basis application...................................................................806.02(c) use in commerce.......................................................................................................806.01(a), 806.02(b), 806.03(c) when basis can be changed.........................................................................................................................806.03(a) Filing date label, permitted paper filings..........................................................................................................303.02(b) Filing date, application cancelled if minimum requirements not met.....................................................................................................204.01 change of........................................................................................................................................204.03, 205, 1711 denial of.......................................................................................................................................204 to 204.03, 1711 effective..................................................................................................................................................206 to 206.04 in extension of protection of international registration................................................................................1904.01(b) minimum requirements for..............................................................................................................202 to 202.03(a)(i) of §66(a) application...................................................................................................................................1904.01(b) priority...................................................................................................206.02, 806.01(c), 1003 to 1003.02, 1003.05 request for restoration of......................................................................................................................................1711 requirements for receiving..............................................................................................................202 to 202.03(a)(i) restoration of........................................................................................................................................................1711 review for compliance with minimum requirements...............................................................................................203 review of denial of................................................................................................................................................1711 section 66(a) application............................................................................................................................1904.01(b) what constitutes.....................................................................................................................................................201 Filing date, for correspondence (in general).............................................................................................................303 Filing fee, application....................................................................................................202.03, 810 to 810.02, 1403.01 in §66(a) application...............................................................................................202.03, 810 to 810.01, 1904.01(f) varies depending on whether application filed on paper or electronically..............202.03, 810, 1110.02, 1403.02(c) Filing of correspondence with International Bureau..........................................................................1906 to 1906.01(i) Filing of permitted paper correspondence with USPTO......................................................................305.01 to 305.04 by courier or delivery service.................................................................................................................................307 by “Priority Mail Express”..................................................................................................................................305.03 by hand delivery.....................................................................................................................................................307 by mail...................................................................................................................................................305 to 305.04 by unauthorized individual...............................................................................................608.01, 611.05 to 611.05(c) certificate of mailing procedure for (See also: Certificate of mailing procedure) time between execution and...............................................................804.03, 1104.10(b)(ii), 1108.02(b), 1109.11(c) Index-26 May 2026 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE Filing basis — Filing of permitted paper correspondence with USPTO Sec. 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Filing receipt........................................................................................................................................................401.01 Final refusal action after.........................................................................................................................................715 to 715.04(b) for failure to provide information requested by examining attorney.......................................................................814 issuance of final refusal, after removal of application from suspension.....................................................1208.02(d) issuance of subsequent final refusal, after removal of application from suspension........................................716.06 new issues requiring issuance of nonfinal action........................................714.05 to 714.05(c), 714.05(f), 715.03(b) not permissible on first action...........................................................................................................................714.01 not permissible on suspension.........................................................................................................................714.02 pertaining to identification........................................................................................................................714.05(a)(ii) pertaining to proposed amendment of drawing...............................................................................714.05(a), 807.17 premature.........................................................................................................................................................714.06 proper response to............................................................................................................................................715.01 request for extension of time to respond......................................................................................711.01 to 711.01(b) request for reconsideration after................................................715.03 to 715.04(b), 1714.01(a)(ii), 1714.01(f)(ii)(A) statement of grounds of....................................................................................................................................714.04 time for appeal runs from date of........................................................................................................715.03(c), 1501 when appropriate..............................................................................................................714.03, 714.05 to 714.05(f) with respect to amendment to Supplemental Register..............................................................................714.05(a)(i) with respect to submission of consent agreement.......................................................................................714.05(d) with respect to submission of substitute specimen...................................................................714.05(e) to 714.05(f) with respect to §2(f) claim......................................................................................................714.05(a)(i), 1212.02(h) “Firm” – in regards to applicant’s name ..........................................................................................................803.02(b) Flag, refusal to register mark comprising..........................................................................1204 to 1204.01(e), 1204.03 Flavor as mark.................................................................................................................................904.03(m), 1202.13 Foreign applicant common terms designating entity of.........................................................................................803.03(i), Appendix D signature on behalf of......................................................................................................611.06(e), 804.04 to 804.05 Foreign attorney (See also: Attorney, foreign) “Foreign” commerce.............................................................................................................................................901.03 Foreign equivalents, doctrine of (See also: Doctrine of Foreign Equivalents) Foreign priority (See also: Priority under §44(d), application claiming) Foreign registration, application based on ownership of.........................................................................................1005 assignment of home country application or registration......................................................................................1006 based on registration issued by a “common office of several states”.............................................................1002.03 bona fide intention to use mark in commerce........................................806.01(d), 806.02(e), 806.02(g), 1004, 1008 certification or certified copy of foreign registration required.........................................................806.01(d), 1004.01 country of origin..............................................................................................................................................1002.04 dividing............................................................................................................................................................1110.10 drawing.............................................................................................................807.03(f), 807.12(b), 1011 to 1011.04 establishing entitlement under a treaty............................................................................................1002.01, 1002.03 from applicant’s country of origin....................................................................................................................1002.04 identification of goods/services........................................................................................................1012, 1402.01(b) international registration as basis for §44 application..........................................................................................1016 may not be filed before foreign registration has issued........................................................................................1004 must be in force..........................................................................................................................................1004.01(a) one mark per registration................................................................................................................................1011.02 ownership of foreign registration..........................................................................................................................1005 May 2026 Index-27 INDEX Filing receipt — Foreign registration, application based on ownership of Sec. No. Sec. No.
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requirements for receiving a filing date..........................................................................................202 to 202.03(a)(i) requirements for §44(e) basis..............................................................................................806.01(d), 1002.01, 1004 specimen not required.........................................................................................................................................1009 standard character claim in............................................................................................................807.03(f), 1011.01 status of foreign registration.......................................................................................................................1004.01(a) suspension pending receipt of copy of foreign registration not permitted except in extraordinary situation....1004.01 translation of...............................................................................................................................................1004.01(b) use not required...................................................................................................................................................1009 Form paragraphs......................................................................................................................................705 to 705.01 Fragrance as mark................................................................................................................................807.09, 1202.13 Franchisees, use of mark by.........................................................................................................................1201.03(e) Fraud...........................................................................................................................................................720, 906.04 Freedom of Information Act requests.....................................................................................................................1803 for copies of letters of protest..........................................................................................................................1715.05 Functionality.....................................................................................................................1202.02(a) to 1202.02(a)(viii) G General information booklet about trademarks.........................................................................................................105 Generic terms......................................................................................................1209.01(c) to 1209.01(c)(iii), 1215.05 Geographic terms “America” and “American”.....................................................................................................................1210.02(b)(iv) arbitrary use of...........................................................................................................................................1210.04(d) arbitrary, fanciful, or suggestive composite............................................................................................1210.02(c)(iii) as certification marks..................................................................................................1210.09, 1306.05 to 1306.05(j) combined with additional matter..................................1210.02(c) to 1210.02(c)(iii), 1210.06 to 1210.06(b), 1215.06 combined with domain name..........................................................................................................................1215.06 disclaimer of.........................................................................................................................1210.06(a) to 1210.06(b) doctrine of foreign equivalents........................................................................................................................1210.10 for cheeses and processed meats..............................................................................................................1209.03(y) geographic locations..................................................................................................................................1210.02(a) goods/place association..............................................................................................................1210.04, 1210.04(a) misleading indication of origin of wines/spirits..........................................................................1210.08 to 1210.08(a) more than one location with same name................................................................................................1210.02(b)(ii) non-geographic characteristics..............................................................................................................1210.02(b)(iii) obscure or remote......................................................................................................................................1210.04(c) origin of goods or services..............................................................................................................................1210.03 other meanings.........................................................................................................1210.02(b)(i) to 1210.02(b)(i)(A) primary geographic significance..........................................................................................1210.02 to 1210.02(c)(iii) registrability on Supplemental Register......................................................................................................1210.07(a) registrability under §2(f)..............................................................................................................................1210.07(b) registration of, under §2(f)..........................................................................................................................1210.07(b) services/place association...........................................................................................................1210.04, 1210.04(b) two geographic terms combined.............................................................................................................1210.02(c)(i) Index-28 May 2026 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE Foreign registration, application based on ownership of — Geographic terms Sec. 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used as certification mark to designate regional origin.............................................................1306.05 to 1306.05(j) with surname significance..................................................................................................................1210.02(b)(i)(A) Geographical indications used on wine or spirits........................................................................1210.08 to 1210.08(c) Geographical marks, deceptive (See also: Geographically deceptively misdescriptive marks).1203.02(a), 1203.02(c), 1203.02(e)(ii), 1203.02(g), 1210.01(b) to 1210.01(c), 1210.05 to 1210.05(e), 1210.10 arbitrary use of geographic terms...............................................................................................................1210.04(d) basis for refusal..........................................................................................................................................1210.05(a) case references..........................................................................................................................................1210.05(e) disclaimer...................................................................................................................................................1210.06(b) elements of.................................................................................................................................................1210.05(b) goods/place or services/place association...............................................................................1210.04 to 1210.04(b) materiality of deception....................................................................................................1210.05(c) to 1210.05(c)(ii) neither applicant nor goods/services come from the place named.........................................................1210.05(d)(i) obscure or remote geographic marks.........................................................................................................1210.04(c) procedures for issuing refusal..........................................................................................1210.05(d) to 1210.05(d)(ii) registrability on Supplemental Register......................................................................................................1210.07(a) registrability under §2(f)..............................................................................................................................1210.07(b) test..............................................................................................................................................................1210.01(c) unclear whether goods/services originate from the place named..........................................................1210.05(d)(ii) used on wines and spirits.........................................................................................................1210.08 to 1210.08(a) Geographically deceptively misdescriptive marks (See also: Geographical marks, deceptive)..1210.01(b), 1210.05(a) to 1210.05(e), 1210.06(b), 1210.10 basis for refusal..........................................................................................................................................1210.05(a) disclaimer of geographic matter.................................................................................................................1210.06(b) doctrine of foreign equivalents....................................................................................................................1210.05(b) materiality of deception....................................................................................................1210.05(c) to 1210.05(c)(ii) registrability on Supplemental Register......................................................................................................1210.07(a) registrability under §2(f)..............................................................................................................................1210.07(b) test..............................................................................................................................................................1210.01(b) Geographically descriptive marks.......1210 to 1210.01(a), 1210.02 to 1210.04(d), 1210.06 to 1210.06(a), 1210.07 to 1210.10 combined with additional matter...............................................................................................1210.06 to 1210.06(a) disclaimer of geographic matter.................................................................................................................1210.06(a) doctrine of foreign equivalents........................................................................................................................1210.10 registrability on Supplemental Register......................................................................................................1210.07(a) registrability under §2(f)..............................................................................................................................1210.07(b) test..............................................................................................................................................................1210.01(a) Geometric shapes.............................................................................................................................................1202.11 Gift baskets, identification and classification.........................................................................1401.05(a), 1902.02(g)(iii) Good cause, showing of, in request for second or subsequent extension of time to file statement of use.....1108.02(f) to 1108.02(h) Goods (See also: Classification of goods/services)Identification of goods/services) Goods in trade.............................................................................................................................1202.06 to 1202.06(c) Goods/place association.............................................................................................................1210.04 to 1210.04(d) Government agencies and instrumentalities.............................1203.03(a)(i) to 1203.03(a)(iii), 1203.03(c)(ii), 1205.01 Government insignia.................................................................................................................1204, 1204.02, 1204.03 Governmental body as owner of mark.............................................................................................................803.03(f) Grade designations............................................................................................................1202.16 to 1202.16(c)(v)(B) May 2026 Index-29 INDEX Geographic terms — Grade designations Sec. No. Sec. No.
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Gray tones in drawings...........................................................................................................807.07(d) to 807.07(d)(iii) Greek cross.........................................................................................................1205.01, 1205.01(c) to 1205.01(c)(iv) H Hague convention........................................................................................................................................804.01(a)(i) Hand delivery of correspondence to USPTO............................................................................................................307 Hand delivery of documents relating to Madrid applications..................................................1902.08(b), 1906.01(a)(i) Hashtag marks..................................................................................................................................................1202.18 Heading or caption for permitted papers.........................................................................................................302.02(a) Holiday (See also: Federal holiday, response period ending on) Hologram...............................................................................................................................807.01, 1202.14, 1214.01 House mark.............................................................................................................807.14(f), 1402.03(b), 1902.02(f)(i) I Identification of goods/services..............................................................................................................................1402 accuracy of.....................................................................................................................................................1402.05 advertising services.....................................................................................................................................1402.11(i) ambiguous..................................................................................................................................................1402.07(b) amendment of portion.....................................................................................................................................1402.13 amendment permitted to clarify or limit....................................................................................1402.06 to 1402.06(b) amusement apparatus................................................................................................................................1401.11(b) association services...................................................................................................................................1402.11(c) award programs...........................................................................................................................................1402.11(j) bonus programs..........................................................................................................................................1402.11(h) broad terms in.............................................................................................................................1402.03, 1402.03(a) certification mark........................................................................................................................................1306.02(c) charitable services......................................................................................................................................1402.11(d) clarification of...........................................................................................................................1402.06 to 1402.06(b) classification........................................................................................................................................................1401 collective membership mark application.....................................................................................................1304.02(c) components or ingredients.........................................................................................................................1402.05(a) computer programs and software, recorded or downloadable...................................................................1402.03(d) computer services......................................................................................................................................1402.11(a) consulting services.....................................................................................................................................1402.11(e) date of changes to USPTO ID manual............................................................................................................1401.13 deletion of items from......1104.10(b)(iii), 1107, 1108.02(d), 1109.13, 1402.06(a), 1604.09(b), 1609.03, 1613.09(b), 1716.04(d) dietetic substances.....................................................................................................................................1401.11(d) Index-30 May 2026 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE Gray tones in drawings — Identification of goods/services Sec. 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distribution of video tapes, audio tapes, and videodiscs.............................................................................1402.11(f) electric/electrothermic goods.....................................................................................................................1401.11(a) entitlement to filing date with respect to.............................................................................................202.02, 1402.02 final refusal pertaining to..........................................................................................................................714.05(a)(ii) food additives..........................................................................................................................1401.05(e), 1401.11(c) “full line of”............................................................................................................................1402.03(c), 1902.02(f)(i) game-playing apparatus.............................................................................................................................1401.11(b) general guidelines......................................................................................................................................1402.01(a) geographical indication terminology appearing in......................................................................................1402.03(g) gift baskets.........................................................................................................................1401.05(a), 1902.02(g)(iii) house mark...........................................................................................................................1402.03(b), 1902.02(f)(i) identical language in more than one class not permitted...........................................................................1401.05(c) in amendment to allege use..................................................................................................................1104.10(b)(iii) in international application.................................................................................................1902.02(f) to 1902.02(f)(ii) in request for extension of time to file statement of use.............................................................................1108.02(d) in response to IB notice of irregularity....................................................................................................1902.07(c)(ii) in statement of use.........................................................................................................................................1109.13 in §44 application may not exceed scope of those in foreign registration........................................1012, 1402.01(b) in §66(a) application...................................................................................................1402.01(c), 1904.02(c) to (c)(v) inappropriate in collective membership mark application...........................................................................1304.02(c) inclusive terminology in..............................................................................................................................1402.03(a) industry terms..............................................................................................................................................1402.03(f) information services...................................................................................................................................1402.11(b) kits......................................................................................................................................1401.05(a), 1902.02(g)(iii) lawful use....................................................................................................................................................1401.14(f) limitation of list of goods/services in international registration.............1904.02(e)(ii), 1904.03(g), 1904.15, 1906.01, 1906.01(e) limiting by amendment ............................................................................................................1402.06 to 1402.06(a) location of...................................................................................................................................................1402.01(d) manual of acceptable identifications...............................................................................................................1402.04 marketing services...................................................................................................................1401.11(e), 1402.11(j) marketing and advertising...........................................................................................................................1402.11(i) meal replacements.....................................................................................................................................1401.11(d) medical vs. non-medical goods..................................................................................................................1401.05(b) moving goods/services between companion applications..............................................................................1402.08 negative language in..................................................................................................................................1402.06(a) online publications..................................................................................................................................1402.11(a)(x) “ordinary-meaning” test for determining scope of.......................................................................................1402.07(a) parenthesis and brackets should not be used in................................................................................707.02, 1402.12 printed publications, downloadable or recorded.................................................................1402.03(e), 1402.11(a)(x) recorded entertainment services................................................................................................................1402.11(g) registered marks appearing in........................................................................................................................1402.09 scope of, for amendment purposes..........................................................................1402.07, 1402.07(d), 1402.07(e) services..........................................................................................................................................................1402.11 specificity of terms in.................................................................................1402.01, 1402.03, 1402.03(d), 1402.03(e) systems......................................................................................................................................................1401.05(d) trademark protection system terminology appearing in.............................................................................1402.03(g) trademarks/service marks appearing in..........................................................................................................1402.09 May 2026 Index-31 INDEX Identification of goods/services — Identification of goods/services Sec. 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unacceptable amendments.............................................................................................................................1402.15 unambiguous..............................................................................................................................................1402.07(c) Immoral or scandalous matter...........................................................................................................................1203.01 Improper use of registration notice......................................................................................................................906.02 Inadvertently issued registration..................................................................1109.15(a), 1503.04, 1609.10(a), 1904.14 Incomplete application materials..............................................................................................................204 to 204.03 IncompleteresponsetoOfficeaction.611.05(a) to 611.05(c), 718.03 to 718.03(b), 1713.01 to 1713.02, 1714.01(f)(ii)(A) Incontestability affidavit of (§15) (See also: Affidavit of incontestability) effect in examination.......................................................................................................................................1216.02 Indexing against recorded document not permitted.............................................................................................503.07 Individual as applicant citizenship of.....................................................................................................................................................803.04 doing business under assumed name.............................................................................................803.02, 803.02(a) name of...........................................................................................................................................803.02, 803.02(a) Individual, living, name or likeness of (See also: Consent to register by living individual) Individuals who may practice before Office in trademark matters........................................................602 to 602.03(c) Informal application materials...................................................................................................................204 to 204.03 Informal communications with examining attorney....................................................................304.01, 709.04, 709.05 Information, examining attorney’s request for...........................................................................................................814 Informational matter as mark........................................................................................................................................1202.04, 1301.02(a) in drawing, deletion of...............................................................................807.12(b), 807.12(c), 807.13(b), 807.14(a) Initial examination must be complete................................................................................................................................................704.01 of intent-to-use applications..................................................................................................................1102 to 1102.04 Inquiry by examining attorney............................................................................................................................................814 from Congressional office....................................................................................................................................1802 from member of press..........................................................................................................................................1804 from third party regarding ex parte matter...........................................................................................................1806 general inquiries from public................................................................................................................................1805 letter of, with respect to suspended application................................................................................................716.05 regarding status of pending matters.......................................................................................108 to 108.03, 1705.05 Insignia, refusal to register mark comprising..........................................................................................................1204 Inspection of Office records.........................................................................................................109 to 109.03, 503.08 Institutions, defined for purposes of §2(a).................................................................................................1203.03(a)(ii) “Insurance” extension of time to file statement of use.......................1108.03 to 1108.03(a), 1109.16(c) to 1109.06(d) Intent-to-use applications (See also: Amendment to allege use)Notice of allowance)Request for extension of time to file statement of use)Statement of use) allegation of use required prior to registration.....................................................................................................1103 assignment of...............................................................................................................................................501.01(a) averments..............................................................................................................................804.02, 806.01(b), 1101 distinctiveness under §2(f)..............................................................................................................................1212.09 initial examination of: color marks............................................................................................................................................1202.05(h) configuration...........................................................................................................................................1202.02(d) drawings............................................................................................807.12(a), 1102.02, 1104.10(b)(vi), 1109.12 Index-32 May 2026 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE Identification of goods/services — Intent-to-use applications Sec. 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for use as mark.................................................................................................................704.01, 1102 to 1102.01 identification of goods/services.......................................................................1104.10(b)(iii), 1108.02(d), 1109.13 ornamentation........................................................................................................................................1202.03(e) product design or packaging..................................................................................................................1202.02(d) publication of...................................................................................................................................................1105 Supplemental Register...............................................................................................................................1102.03 trade dress.............................................................................................................................................1202.02(d) under §§1, 2(a), 2(b), 2(c), 2(d), 2(e)..........................................................................................................1102.01 Inter-American Convention.................................................................................................................1001, Appendix B Interference, petition to declare.........................................................................................1208.03 to 1208.03(c), 1507 “Internal inconsistencies,” amendment of drawing to cure not permitted........................................................807.14(d) International Alphabetical List.......................................................................................................................1401.02(c) International applications for registration...........................................................................................1902 to 1902.07(f) certification by USPTO...................................................................................................................................1902.03 classification in................................................................................................................1902.02(g) to 1902.02(g)(iii) color claim..................................................................................................................................................1902.02(e) description of mark.....................................................................................................................................1902.02(k) drawing.......................................................................................................................................................1902.02(d) examination by IB...........................................................................................................................................1902.06 fee for...........................................................................................................................................................1902.02(i) form for filing...............................................................................................................................................1902.02(a) identification of goods and services...................................................................................1902.02(f) to 1902.02(f)(ii) irregularities in...........................................................................................................................1902.07 to 1902.07(f) requirements for complete international application.......................................................................................1902.05 requirements for date of receipt in USPTO.....................................................................................................1902.02 International Bureau..................................................................................................................1900 (introductory text) International fees...............................................................................................................................................1903.02 International registrations.......................................................................................................................................1901 application for.................................................................................................................................1902 to 1902.07(f) as basis for §44 application.................................................................................................................................1016 cancellation of, by International Bureau......................................................................................1904.08, 1906.01(e) central attack...................................................................................................................................................1902.09 changes to.................................................................................................................................1906.01 to 1906.01(i) correction of...............................................................................................................1904.03(f), 1904.14, 1906.01(f) date of.............................................................................................................................................................1902.04 dividing..................................................................................................................................................1906.01(a)(iv) in general.............................................................................................................................................................1901 invalidation......................................................................................................................................................1904.07 limitation in list of goods/services.............................................................................1904.03(g), 1904.15, 1906.01(e) renewal of............................................................................................................................................................1905 restriction of holder’s rights of disposal......................................................................................................1906.01(b) who can file.....................................................................................................................................................1902.01 International trademark agreements..................................................................................................1001, Appendix B Internet domain names, marks comprising......................................................................1209.03(m), 1215 to 1215.10 Internet evidence.............................................................................................................................................710.01(b) Interruption of U.S. Postal Service...............................................................................................................303, 305.04 Interview with applicant or attorney..........................................................................................................709 to 709.06 May 2026 Index-33 INDEX Intent-to-use applications — Interview with applicant or attorney Sec. No. Sec. No.
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J Joint applicants addresses of ....................................................................................................................................................803.05 application by...............................................................................................................................................803.03(d) application for international registration........................................................................................1902.01, 1902.02(j) citizenship.........................................................................................................................................................803.04 examiner's amendments...................................................................................................................................707.01 licensing of mark by....................................................................................................................................1201.03(e) signature by.........302, 605.01, 606, 609.02(b), 610, 611.02, 611.03(b), 611.03(c), 611.03(h), 611.03(i), 611.06(a), 712.01, 804.04 Joint venture name of........................................................................................................................................................803.02(b) setting forth names and citizenship of joint venturers......................................................................803.03(b), 803.04 signature by.....................................................................................................................................611.06(c), 804.04 state or country of organization....................................................................................................................803.03(b) Jurisdiction over application........................................................................1504 to 1504.04(a), 1715.03(c), 1904.02(l) Jurisdiction, request for.................................................................................................................................1504.04(a) Juristic person...............................................................................................................................803.01, 1203.03(a)(i) as assignee.......................................................................................................................................................501.05 as domestic representative....................................................................................................................................610 as related company........................................................................................................................................1201.03 for purposes of §2(a) ..............................................................................................................................1203.03(a)(i) K Kits, identification and classification..................................................................1401.05(a), 1402.01(a), 1902.02(g)(iii) L Lanham Act (See also: Trademark Act of 1946) Laudatory terms in marks..........................................................................................................1209.03(k), 1209.03(s) as informational matter...................................................................................................................................1202.04 in likelihood-of confusion-analysis....................................................................................................1207.01(b)(vi)(C) phrases or slogans................................................................................................................................1213.05(b)(iv) Legal advice, Office cannot render..........................................................104, 108.02, 709.06, 1801, 1805, 1902.02(g) Legal entity of applicant set forth in application..................................803.03 to 803.03(k), 1303.01, 1304.02, 1306.02 association....................................................................................................................................................803.03(c) banking institution.........................................................................................................................................803.03(g) base application requirement.......................................................................................................................819.02(b) changes of...............................................................................................................................1604.07(d), 1613.07(c) Index-34 May 2026 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE Joint applicants — Legal entity of applicant set forth in application Sec. No. Sec. No.
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conservatorship............................................................................................................................................803.03(e) corporation....................................................................................................................................................803.03(c) estate............................................................................................................................................................803.03(e) foreign designations..................................................................................................................803.03(i), Appendix D governmental body........................................................................................................................................803.03(f) Indian tribe.....................................................................................................................................................803.03(j) individual......................................................................................................................................................803.03(a) joint venture..................................................................................................................................................803.03(b) limited liability company................................................................................................................................803.03(h) limited liability partnership............................................................................................................................803.03(k) operating division.......................................................................................................................................1201.02(d) partnership...................................................................................................................................................803.03(b) sole proprietorship........................................................................................................................................803.03(a) trusts........................................................................................................................................803.03(e), 803.03(e)(i) university.......................................................................................................................................................803.03(f) Letter of protest in pending application (See also: Protest, Letter of) Letterhead stationery as specimen of service mark use............................................................................1301.04(h)(i) License agreements, recording of....................................................................................................503.02, 1906.01(h) Licensees, use of mark by.............................................................................................................................1201.03(e) Likelihood of confusion actual confusion unnecessary................................................................................................................1207.01(d)(ii) between collective and other marks...........................................................................................................1303.02(b) classification not relevant.......................................................................................................................1207.01(d)(v) collateral attack on registration improper in ex parte.............................................................................1207.01(d)(iv) color marks............................................................................................................................................1207.01(b)(xi) composite marks consisting of words and designs................................................................................1207.01(c)(ii) compound word marks........................................................................................................................1207.01(b)(viii) conflicting marks owned by different parties..........................................................................................1207.01(d)(x) consent between parties......................................................................................................................1207.01(d)(viii) descriptive marks..................................................................................................................................1207.01(b)(ix) design marks...................................................................................................................1207.01(c) to 1207.01(c)(iii) doctrine of foreign equivalents.......................................................................................1207.01(b)(vi)(A) to (b)(vi)(B) doubt resolved in registrant’s favor..........................................................................................................1207.01(d)(i) expansion of trade doctrine....................................................................................................................1207.01(a)(v) family of marks......................................................................................................................................1207.01(d)(xi) famous mark..........................................................................................................................................1207.01(d)(ix) food/beverage products versus restaurant services..........................................................................1207.01(a)(ii)(A) legal equivalents......................................................................................................................................1207.01(c)(i) meaning, similarity in..............................................................................................................................1207.01(b)(v) no per se rule........................................................................................................................................1207.01(a)(iv) parody marks.........................................................................................................................................1207.01(b)(x) past decisions of examining attorneys.......................................................................1207.01(d)(vi), 1216 to 1216.02 pharmaceuticals or medicinal products................................................................................................1207.01(d)(xii) related companies and........................................................................................................1201.07 to 1201.07(b)(iv) relatedness of goods and/or services.............................................................................1207.01(a) to 1207.01(a)(vi) reliance on identification of goods/services in application/registration..................................................1207.01(a)(iii) similarity of marks...........................................................................................................1207.01(b) to 1207.01(b)(xi) sophisticated purchasers......................................................................................................................1207.01(d)(vii) May 2026 Index-35 INDEX Legal entity of applicant set forth in application — Likelihood of confusion Sec. No. Sec. No.
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sound, similarity in.................................................................................................................................1207.01(b)(iv) third-party registrations..........................................................................................................................1207.01(d)(iii) transposition of terms...........................................................................................................................1207.01(b)(vii) unity of control.....................................................................................................................1201.07 to 1201.07(b)(iv) weak marks...........................................................................................................................................1207.01(b)(ix) Limited liability company.................................................................................................................................803.03(h) signature by..................................................................................................................................................611.06(g) Limited liability corporation..............................................................................................................................803.03(h) Limited liability partnership..............................................................................................................................803.03(k) signature by.....................................................................................................................................................611.06(h) Lining statement..............................................................................................................................................808.01(b) Living individual, name or likeness of (See also: Consent to register by living individual) M Madrid Protocol (See also: Extension of protection of international registration to the United States)Registered extension of protection)§66(a) application).............................................................................................................................1900 “Mail Room Date” label, permitted paper filings..............................................................................................303.02(b) Mail sent to USPTO related to trademarks..........................................................................................................302.03 Maintenance of registration..................................................................................................................1602 to 1602.04 Manner of use of mark (See also: Method-of-use) Mark drawing code..............................................................................................................................................807.18 Material alteration.........................................................................807.03(d), 807.14 to 807.14(f), 1604.13, 1609.02(a) of color marks........................................................................................................................................1202.05(d)(iii) of marks containing functional matter.................................................................................................1202.02(c)(i)(A) of marks containing §2(b) matter................................................................................................................1204.04(b) of marks containing TLDs.........................................................................................................1215.08 to 1215.08(c) of marks containing unregistrable symbols or designations...........................................1205.01(a)(v), 1205.01(c)(iv) of repeating-pattern marks.........................................................................................................................1202.19(c) Material difference between mark on drawing and mark in foreign registration...............................807.12(b), 1011.01 Meaning of term in mark, inquiry as to....................................................................................................809.01(a), 814 Membership mark (See also: Collective membership mark) Mere descriptiveness (See also: Descriptiveness, mere) Merger, documents of..........................................................................................................................................503.02 Method-of-use...........................................................................................................................................905, 1109.09 Minor as applicant...............................................................................................................................................803.01 Minor’s name or likeness appears in mark....................................................................................................1206.04(a) “Misspelled” words......................................................................................................................1209.03(j), 1213.08(c) Mistake in applicant’s name, correction of.....................................................................................................1201.02(c) Mistake in owner’s/holder’s name, correction of................1104.10(b)(i), 1108.02(a), 1109.10, 1604.07(f), 1613.07(e) Mistake in registration, correction of............................................................................................1609.10 to 1609.10(b) Model or grade designation...............................................................................................1202.16 to 1202.16(c)(v)(B), More than one mark...................................................................202.01, 807.01, 1202.19(g) to 1202.19(g)(ii), 1214.01 Motion marks.......................................................................................................................................807.11, 904.03(l) Index-36 May 2026 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE Likelihood of confusion — Motion marks Sec. No. Sec. No.
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Moving goods/services between companion applications.................................................................................1402.08 Multiple drawings....................................................................................................................................202.01, 807.01 Multiple filing bases.........................................................................................................................806.02 to 806.02(g) Multiple-class application (See also: Combined application) Musical performer/group names.................................................................................1202.09, 1202.09(a), 1301.02(b) “Mutilation” of mark..........................................................................................................................................807.12(d) N NAFTA (See also: North American Free Trade Agreement) Name of applicant, correcting mistake in.......................................................................................................1201.02(c) Name of holder/owner, correcting mistake in.....................1104.10(b)(i), 1108.02(a), 1109.10, 1604.07(f), 1613.07(e) Name, portrait or signature as mark (See also: Consent to register by living individual).....................1206 to 1206.05 Names of artists and authors as marks....................................................1202.09 to 1202.09(b), 1206.01, 1301.02(b) Names of characters as a mark...............................................................................1202.10 to 1202.10(a), 1301.02(b) National Archives and Records Administration....................................................................................................503.08 National symbols.........................................................................1203.03, 1203.03(a)(iii), 1203.03(b) to 1203.03(b)(ii) Negative identification language...................................................................................................................1402.06(a) New certificate of registration, issuance to assignee...........................................................................................502.03 Nice Agreement............................................................................................................1401.02(a), 1401.09 to 1401.12 Non-attorney may not represent parties in the USPTO...................................602.02, 608.01, 611.04, 707.01, 708.02 Non-English wording in mark, translation of.............................................................................................809 to 809.02 Non-Latin characters in mark, transliteration of........................................................................................809 to 809.02 Non-lawyers.....................................................................................................602.02, 608.01, 611.04, 707.01, 708.02 Non-profit corporation......................................................................................................................................803.03(c) Non-receipt of examining attorney’s Office action...............................................................................................717.02 Non-receipt of notice of allowance................................................................................................................1714.01(c) Non-registration.................................................................................................................................................1205.02 Non-responsive communications..............................................................................................................................719 Nonuse of registered mark................................................................................................................................1604.11 Non-visual marks...................................................................................................................807.09, 1202.13, 1202.15 specimens for..............................................................................................................................904.03(f), 904.03(m) North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)...........1210, 1210.01(b), 1210.05(a), 1210.07(a), 1210.07(b), 1211, 1212, 1212.02(a) Note to the File.......................................................................................................................................709.04, 709.05 Notice of abandonment..........................................................................................................................718.04, 718.06 Notice of allowance...............................................................................................................................1106 to 1106.04 action after issuance of (but before filing of Statement of use).........................................806.03(j)(ii), 1106.02, 1107 cancellation of.................................................................................................................................................1106.03 correction of errors in......................................................................................................................................1106.04 information printed on.....................................................................................................................................1106.01 issuance of......................................................................................................................................................1106.01 non-receipt of..............................................................................................................................................1714.01(c) “Notice of incomplete trademark application”......................................................................................................204.01 May 2026 Index-37 INDEX Moving goods/services between companion applications — “Notice of incomplete trademark application” Sec. No. Sec. No.
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Notice of irregularity of international application for registration, issued by the International Bureau...........1902.07 to 1902.07(f) Notice of publication............................................................................................................................................704.01 Notice, registration (See also: Registration notice) Number of specimens..........................................................................................................................................904.01 O Office action (See also: Action by examining attorney)Provisional refusal of 66(a) applications)Response to Office action) non-receipt of....................................................................................................................................................717.02 preparation of.........................................................................................................................................705 to 705.08 reissuing or remailing of.........................................................................................................................................717 request for extension of time to respond......................................................................................711.01 to 711.01(b) response period.............................................................................................................................310, 711 to 711.03 returned as undeliverable.........................................................................................................................403, 717.01 supplemental Office action...............................................................................................................................711.03 Office personnel not to express opinion on validity of registered mark...........................................................................................1801 not to give legal advice.....................................................................................................................................108.02 not to testify....................................................................................................................................................1801.01 Official Gazette (See also: Trademark Official Gazette)..................................................................106, 1502, 1502.01 “Olympic” and other designations protected under Amateur Sports Act of 1978.1205.01, 1205.01(b) to 1205.01(b)(viii) One mark, application limited to..............................................................................................202.01, 807.01, 1214.01 Operating divisions..............................................................................................................................................803.01 Opinion on validity of registered mark, Office personnel not to express.................................................................1801 Opposition............................................................................................................................................1503 to 1503.05 extension of time to file...................................................................................................................................1503.04 to §66(a) application.......................................................................................................................................1503.05 Order of examination...........................................................................................................................................702.01 Order of work............................................................................................................................................702 to 702.02 Ordering abandoned application files..................................................................................................................109.02 Ornamentation............................................................................................................................1202.03 to 1202.03(g) Other statutes protecting specific names, terms, initials, acronyms, and marks..........................................Appendix C Owner of mark is proper party to apply.....................................................................................................803.01, 1201 Ownership of mark (See also: Applicant, Assignment and Related Company)...........................1201 to 1201.07(b)(iv) automatic updating................................................................................................................................504 to 504.04 change in, after application filed.........................................................................................501 to 501.07, 1201.02(e) establishing............................................................................................................................................502 to 502.03 inquiry by examining attorney with respect to.................................................................................................1201.04 recording change...................................................................................................................................503 to 503.08 refusal on basis of......................................................................................................................................1201.02(b) related-company use.................................................................................................1201.01, 1201.03 to 1201.03(e) requesting update of ownership information..........................................................................................505 to 505.02 Index-38 May 2026 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE Notice of irregularity of international application for registration, ... — Ownership of mark Sec. No. Sec. No.
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§1 application.......................................................................................................................................................1201 §44 application.....................................................................................................................................................1201 §66(a) application............................................................................................................................501.07, 502.02(b) P Paper submissions, limited exceptions...................................................................................................301.01, 301.02 treaty-exempt filers under international agreements....................................................................................301.02(a) specimens for scent, flavor, or similar non-traditional marks........................................................................301.02(b) petition to accept a paper submission..........................................................................................................301.02(c) postal service interruptions or emergency...................................................................................................301.02(d) applications filed under Section 66(a)...........................................................................................................301.02(f) Papers not returnable...............................................................................................................................................404 Paralegal may not represent parties in the USPTO......................................602, 608.01, 611.02, 707.01, 708.02, 712 Paris Convention..................................................................................................1001, 1002.03, 1205.01, Appendix B article 6 ter......................................................................................................................................................1205.02 Partial abandonment......................................................................................718.02(a), 1402.13, 1403.04, 1904.03(d) Partial assignment......................................................................................................................501.06, 1110.11, 1615 Partners, setting forth names and citizenship of.............................................................................................803.03(b) base application requirement.......................................................................................................................819.02(b) Partnership address of.........................................................................................................................................................803.05 foreign..............................................................................................................................................803.03(b), 803.04 name of.......................................................................................................................................803.02(b), 803.03(b) signature by.....................................................................................................................................611.06(b), 804.04 state or country of organization.......................................................................................................803.03(b), 803.04 Patent and Trademark Copy Fulfillment Branch obtaining certified copy of registration........................................................................................................1601.01(b) obtaining certified copy of updated registration certificate...................................................................................1608 obtaining trademark assignment abstracts of title........................................................................................503.08(a) requesting certified or uncertified copies of trademark documents..........................................................111, 305.01 Patent and Trademark Resource Centers.................................................................................................................112 Patents, design and utility....................................................................................................................1202.02(a)(v)(A) Payment of fees relating to international applications and registrations under the Madrid Protocol.......................1903 international fees............................................................................................................................................1903.02 USPTO fees....................................................................................................................................................1903.01 Payment refused or charged back by financial institution...........................................202.03(a) to 202.03(a)(i), 405.06 Performing artist, name of, as mark....................................................................1202.09 to 1202.09(a)(iii), 1301.02(b) Period for response computation of.......................................................................................................................................................310 ending on Saturday, Sunday or federal holiday......................................................................................................308 request for extension of time to respond......................................................................................711.01 to 711.01(b) reset in examining attorney’s letter correcting error..........................................................................................711.03 May 2026 Index-39 INDEX Ownership of mark — Period for response Sec. No. Sec. No.
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statutory.................................................................................................................................................................711 time may run from date of previous action........................................................................................................711.02 Person, defined for purposes of §2(a) .......................................................................................................1203.03(a)(i) Petition decisions available to public.........................................................................................................................110 Petition for expungement (See also: Expungement).....................................................................................1716.02(b) Petition for reexamination (See also: Expungement)....................................................................................1716.02(b) Petition to cancel....................................................................................................................................................1607 in response to §2(d) refusal .........................................................................................................................716.02(a) Petition to Director....................................................................1702, 1703, 1704, 1705 to 1705.09, 1706, 1707, 1708 after refusal of renewal.............................................................................................................1606.14 to 1606.14(c) after refusal of §8 affidavit........................................................................................................1604.18 to 1604.18(c) appeal to federal court from............................................................................................................................1705.09 diligence..........................................................................................................................................................1705.05 evidence and proof of facts.............................................................................................................................1705.03 fee for..............................................................................................................................................................1705.02 petitionable matter...............................................................................................................................................1704 procedure for......................................................................................................................................1705 to 1705.09 request for reconsideration of denial of...........................................................................................................1705.08 signature of.....................................................................................................................................................1705.07 standard of review on...........................................................................................................................................1706 standing..........................................................................................................................................................1705.01 stay of deadlines pending disposition of.........................................................................................................1705.06 supervisory authority...........................................................................................................................................1707 timeliness........................................................................................................................................................1705.04 to accept paper submission...............................................................................................................1709 to 1709.03 to amend basis after publication............................................................................................806.03(j) to 806.03(j)(iii) to make special (See also: Petition to make “special”) to reinstate abandoned applications...............................................................................................................1712.01 to reinstate cancelled registrations.............................................................................................................1712.02(a) to reverse examining attorney’s holding of abandonment for incomplete response.......................................1713.01 to review denial of certification of international application........................................................................1902.03(a) to review denial of filing date................................................................................................................................1711 to revive (See also: Petition to revive abandoned application) to waive domicile address requirement...........................................................................................................1708.01 to waive rules.......................................................................................................................................................1708 types of................................................................................................................................................................1703 Petition to make “special”...........................................................................................................................702.02, 1710 basis for granting or denying...........................................................................................................................1710.01 fee for...................................................................................................................................................................1710 handling of......................................................................................................................................................1710.02 must state facts justifying special action.............................................................................................................1710. submission of.......................................................................................................................................................1710 Petition to revive abandoned application (See also: Unintentional delay) basis for granting..............................................................................................................................1714, 1714.01(e) diligence with respect to..............................................................................................................1705.05, 1714.01(d) fee for............................................................................................................................................1714 to 1714.01(b) request for reconsideration of denial of......................................................................................................1714.01(g) requirements for filing...............................................................................................................1714.01 to 1714.01(e) Index-40 May 2026 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE Period for response — Petition to revive abandoned application Sec. No. Sec. No.
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time for filing of...........................................................................................................................................1714.01(d) unintentional delay, applicability of................................................................................1714.01(f) to 1714.01(f)(ii)(A) unintentional delay, statement of................................................................................................................1714.01(e) Petitionable subject matter......................................................................................................................................1704 “Phantom” elements in marks...............................................................................................................1214 to 1214.04 Pharmaceuticals or medicinal products..........................................................................1207.01(d)(xii), 1301.01(b)(vi) Piecemeal action to be avoided...........................................................................................................................704.01 Portrait as mark (See also: Consent to register by living individual) Postal Service, U.S., interruptions of...................................................................................................................305.04 Postcard, acknowledgment, permitted paper filings........................................................................................303.02(c) Power of attorney.........................................................................................................................605.01 to 605.04, 606 associate...........................................................................................................................................................605.03 change of..........................................................................................................................................................604.04 filed after registration..............................................................................................................................605.04, 1612 relating to multiple applications or registrations................................................................................................605.02 revocation..............................................................................................................................................................606 Practice before Office in trademark matters.........................................................................................602 to 602.03(c) Predecessor in title, first use of mark by..............................................................................................................903.05 Preparation of case for publication or registration....................................................................................................817 President of United States, deceased...............................................................................1206 to 1206.01, 1206.04(a) Press inquiries........................................................................................................................................................1804 Press releases............................................................................................................904.04(b), 904.04(c), 1301.04(a) Previous examining attorney, examination approach of.......................................................................................713.01 Principal Register advantages of registration on.......................................................................................................................801.02(a) applications for registration on......................................................................................................................801.02(a) registration on Supplemental Register may not be amended to.....................................................................1609.09 Prior registrations of applicant effect of..............................................................................................................................................1216 to 1216.02 identification of, in application................................................................................................................................812 “incontestability”..............................................................................................................................................1216.02 not controlling.................................................................................................................................................1216.01 printing of claim of..........................................................................................................................................812, 817 proving ownership of.........................................................................................................................................812.01 refusal under §2(d) with respect to...................................................................................................................812.01 Prior trademark acts (See also: Act of 1881)Act of 1905)Act of 1920) registrations issued under..................................................................................1601.04, 1601.05, 1602.02, 1602.03 repeal of..........................................................................................................................................................1601.02 reregistration of marks registered under.........................................................................................................1601.03 Priority action combined with examiner’s amendment.............................................................................................................708.05 defined..............................................................................................................................................................708.01 discussion of issues and agreements...............................................................................................................708.02 elements of.......................................................................................................................................................708.01 evidence..................................................................................................................................708.01, 708.03, 708.04 form of...............................................................................................................................................................708.03 paralegal cannot authorize..................................................................................................................608.01, 708.02 when appropriate....................................................................................................................708.01, 708.02, 708.04 May 2026 Index-41 INDEX Petition to revive abandoned application — Priority action Sec. No. Sec. No.
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Priority claim in application for international registration...................................................................................1902.05 Priority claim in request for protection of international registration to the United States..................206.02, 1904.01(e) Priority claim in §44(d) application abandonment of foreign application................................................................................................................1003.08 amendment of basis, priority filing date retained........................................................................806.03(h), 806.04(b) assignment of §44(d) application.........................................................................................................................1006 basis for registration required.........................................................................................................................1003.03 bona fide intention to use mark in commerce must be asserted.............................806.01(c), 806.02(e), 1003, 1008 combined with other bases........................................................................................................806.02(f), 1003.04(b) country of origin..............................................................................................................................................1002.04 dividing............................................................................................................................................................1110.10 drawing..............................................................................................................................................1011 to 1011.04 effect of failing to file within six months...........................................................................................................1003.02 effective filing date of.........................................................................................................................206.02, 1003.05 eligible applicants...........................................................................................................................................1002.02 establishing entitlement under a treaty.............................................................................1002.02, 1002.03, 1002.04 filing under both §44(d) and §44(e) ...............................................................................................................1003.06 “first-filed” requirement....................................................................................................................................1003.01 identification of goods/services........................................................................................................1012, 1402.01(b) in multiple-basis applications......................................................................................................................1003.04(b) inquiry as to status of foreign application...................................................................................................1003.04(c) more than one foreign application...................................................................................................................1003.07 must be filed within six months of foreign filing.............................................................................806.03(b), 1003.02 not limited to country of origin.........................................................................................................................1002.04 one mark per application................................................................................................................................1011.02 ownership of foreign application..........................................................................................................................1005 priority for publication of.....................................................................................................................201.01, 1003.05 requirements for receiving a filing date..................................................................................................................202 requirements for §44(d) filing basis..............................................................................................................806.01(c) retention of priority filing date without perfecting §44(e) basis....................................................806.03(h), 806.04(b) suspension pending receipt of foreign registration....................................................................716.02(b), 1003.04(a) U.S. applicant..................................................................................................................................................1002.05 use not required...................................................................................................................................................1009 valid basis for registration required.................................................................................................................1003.03 Priority for publication or issue based on effective filing date................................................201.01, 1003.05, 1208.01 “Priority Mail Express,” filing of correspondence by.............................................................................................305.03 Priority, constructive use......................................................................................................................................201.02 Process, system or method...........................................................................................................................1301.02(e) Product design......................................................................................................................1202.02(b)(i), 1202.02(f)(i) Product packaging..............................................................................................................1202.02(b)(ii), 1202.02(f)(ii) Protest, Letter of...................................................................................................................................1715 to 1715.06 adversarial arguments inappropriate..............................................................................................................1715.01 appropriate subjects to be raised.............................................................................................1715.01 to 1715.01(b) appropriate evidence............................................................................................................1715.05(a) to 1715.05(c) does not extend opposition period.............................................................................................................1715.04(d) filed after publication.......................................................................................................................................1715.04 filed after registration......................................................................................................................................1715.02 filed before publication....................................................................................................................................1715.03 Index-42 May 2026 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE Priority claim in application for international registration — Protest, Letter of Sec. No. Sec. No.
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post-publication standard of review............................................................................................................1715.04(a) pre-publication standard of review..............................................................................................................1715.03(a) recourse after denial of...................................................................................................................................1715.07 requests for copies of......................................................................................................................................1715.06 timely filing of..................................................................................................................................................1715.02 Provisional refusal of 66(a) applications.........................................................................................1904.02(h), 1904.03 PTRC (See also: Patent and Trademark Resource Centers) Public Records Division of USPTO (See also: Patent and Trademark Copy Fulfillment Branch) Publication for opposition amendments after.................................................................................806.03(j) to 806.03(j)(iii), 1505 to 1505.02(g) notice of............................................................................................................................................................704.01 of mark in intent-to-use application......................................................................................................................1105 Publications, marks for columns or sections, marks that identify..................................................................................1202.07 to 1202.07(b) identification of goods.................................................................................................................................1402.03(e) specimens for...........................................................................................................................................904.02(c)(iii) Publishing of information in Official Gazette and on registration certificate.............................................................817 Punctuation, addition or deletion of...................................................................................................................................807.14(c) agreement of drawing and specimen..............................................................807.12(a)(i) to 807.12(a)(iii), 807.14(c) in determining whether a phrase or slogan is unitary........................................................................1213.05(b)(ii)(C) in mere descriptiveness analysis................................................................................................................1209.03(u) list of standard characters............................................................................................................................807.03(b) Q (No Entry) R Reasonable time between signing and filing papers.............................804.03, 1104.10(b)(ii), 1108.02(b), 1109.11(c) Receipt, filing.......................................................................................................................................................401.01 Receipt, postcard, permitted paper filings.......................................................................................................303.02(c) Reciprocal registration rights.........................................................................................................1002.03, Appendix B Recognition as a Representative..............................................................................................................604 to 604.03 Reconsideration after final action.................................................................................715.03 to 715.04(b), 1501.02(a) Reconsideration of Board decision, request for, by examining attorney............................................................1501.07 Reconsideration of decision on petition.............................................................................................................1705.08 Recordation date.................................................................................................................................................503.05 Recorded documents (See also: Assignment, recordation of) May 2026 Index-43 INDEX Protest, Letter of — Recorded documents Sec. No. Sec. No.
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automatic update of trademark database after recordation...................................................................504 to 504.04 correction of errors in....................................................................................................................503.06 to 503.06(f) effect of.........................................................................................................................................503.01 to 503.01(e) electronic submission of requests to record documents...................................................................................503.04 indexing against, not permitted.........................................................................................................................503.07 notifying Trademark Operation of...........................................................................................................................505 original documents should not be submitted ...............................................................................................503.03(b) request to update ownership after recordation....................................................................................505.01, 505.02 requests for copies of........................................................................................................................................503.08 requirements................................................................................................................................503.03 to 503.03(e) searching..................................................................................................................................................104, 503.08 Red Crescent......................................................................................................1205.01, 1205.01(a) to 1205.01(a)(vi) Red Cross...........................................................................................................1205.01, 1205.01(c) to 1205.01(c)(iv) Red Crystal.........................................................................................................1205.01, 1205.01(a) to 1205.01(a)(vi) Reexamination.................................................................................................................................1716 to 1716.04(h) basis...........................................................................................................................................................1716.02(a) consolidating proceedings..........................................................................................................................1716.03(b) cancellation of the registration....................................................................................................................1716.04(e) co-pending proceedings.............................................................................................................................1716.04(h) deleting goods and/or services...................................................................................................................1716.04(d) evidence of use or excusable nonuse.........................................................................................................1716.04(c) estoppel......................................................................................................................................................1716.04(g) instituting proceedings....................................................................................................................................1716.03 final action..................................................................................................................................................1716.04(e) notice of institution and Office action..........................................................................................................1716.04(a) notice of petition.........................................................................................................................................1716.02(d) notice of termination...................................................................................................................................1716.04(e) petition for.................................................................................................................................1716.02 to 1716.02(b) prima facie case of nonuse.........................................................................................................................1716.03(a) procedures for reexamination proceedings.....................................................................................................1716.04 reasonable investigation....................................................................................................1716.02(c) to 1716.02(c)(i) reinstatement after cancellation for failure to respond.................................................................................1716.04(f) responding to Office action.........................................................................................................................1716.04(b) sources of information and evidence......................................................................................................1716.02(c)(ii) surrendering the registration......................................................................................................................1716.04(d) suspension pending disposition of reexamination proceeding......................................................................716.02(j) timing..............................................................................................................................................................1716.01 Refund of fees........................................................................................................................................405.04, 810.02 for informal application......................................................................................................................................204.01 Refusal of registration absence of lawful use............................................................................................................................................907 amendment to Supplemental Register after..................................714.05(a)(i), 816.04, 1209.02(a)(i), 1202.19(e)(iii) as to fewer than all classes in combined application.....................................................................718.02(a), 1403.04 characters in creative works.....................................................................................................1202.10 to 1202.10(a) coat of arms.......................................................................................................................................1204 to 1204.05 compliance with other statutes..............................................................................................................................907 based on inadequate response to request for additional information....................................................................814 deceptive matter..........................................................1203.02 to 1203.02(g), 1210.05(a) to 1210.05(e), 1210.06(b) Index-44 May 2026 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE Recorded documents — Refusal of registration Sec. No. Sec. No.
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descriptiveness.....................................................................................................1209.01(b), 1209.02 to 1209.02(b) disparagement................................................................................................................................................1203.01 duplicate registrations............................................................................................................................................703 failure to function as a mark.................................................................................................................................1202 false suggestion of a connection.........................................................................................1203.03 to 1203.03(b)(iii) flag, coat of arms or insignia..............................................................................................................1204 to 1204.05 functionality...................................................................................................................1202.02(a) to 1202.02(a)(viii) generic matter..................................................................................................................1209.01(c) to 1209.01(c)(iii) geographicdescriptiveness.1210 to 1210.01(a), 1210.02 to 1210.04(d), 1210.06 to 1210.06(a), 1210.07 to 1210.10 geographic misdescriptiveness.....................................................1210.01(b), 1210.05(a) to 1210.05(e), 1210.06(b) goods in trade...........................................................................................................................1202.06 to 1202.06(c) grade designations..........................................................................................................1202.16 to 1202.16(c)(v)(B) immoral or scandalous matter........................................................................................................................1203.01 in §66(a) application..............................................................................711.03, 714.05(b), 1904.03(a) to 1904.03(e) incapable matter......................................................705.01, 815.04, 1202.03, 1202.04, 1202.17(e)(i), 1202.19(e)(ii) informational matter........................................................................................................................................1202.04 language in examining attorney's letter............................................................................................................705.01 likelihood of confusion (See also: Likelihood of confusion)................................................................1207 to 1207.03 matter protected by statute or convention..........................................................................................1205 to 1205.02 model designations..........................................................................................................1202.16 to 1202.16(c)(v)(A) name of artist or author............................................................................................................1202.09 to 1202.09(b) name, portrait or signature of living individual or deceased United States president without consent (See also: Consent to register by living individual).............................................................................................1206 to 1206.05 nondistinctive configuration..............................................................................................1202.02(b) to 1202.02(b)(ii) of request for extension of protection of international registration.........711.03, 714.05(b), 1904.03(a) to 1904.03(e) ornamentation..........................................................................................................................1202.03 to 1202.03(g) ownership (See also: Ownership of mark) repeating-pattern marks...........................................................................................................1202.19 to 1202.19(k) res judicata..........................................................................................................................................................1217 specimen unacceptable............................................................................................................904.07 to 904.07(b)(i) surname, primarily merely a....................................................................................................1211 to 1211.02(b)(vii) title of a single creative work.....................................................................................................1202.08 to 1202.08(f) trade name......................................................................................................................................................1202.01 universal symbols................................................................................................................1202.17 to 1202.17(e)(vi) use as a service mark............................................1301.02 to 1301.02(f), 1301.04(g)(i) to 1301.04(g)(ii), 1301.04(j) use as a trademark............................................................................................................................1202 to 1202.19 varietal names................................................................................................................................................1202.12 Refusal, final (See also: Final refusal) Register (See also: Principal Register)Supplemental Register) Register indicated on certificate of registration..................................................................................................1601.07 Registered extension of protection of international registration to the United States (See also: Extension of protection of international registration to the United States)Section 66(a)) affidavit of continued use or excusable nonuse..........................................1613 to 1613.21(d), 1904.07(b), 1904.10 affidavit of incontestability.................................................................................................1605. to 1605.06 , 1904.11 amendment of identification of goods/services.....1402.01(c), 1609.01(a), 1609.03, 1904.02(c) to (c)(iv), 1906.01(i) amendment of mark not permitted............................................................807.13(b), 1609.02, 1904.02(j), 1906.01(i) assignability of..............................................................................................................................................501.01(b) assignee, issuance of registration certificate in name of.................................................................502.02(b), 502.03 May 2026 Index-45 INDEX Refusal of registration — Registered extension of protection of international registration to th... 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assignment of.........................................501.01(b), 501.07, 502.01, 502.02(b), 502.03, 503.03(a), 503.05, 1904.06 basis..................................................................................................806.01(e), 806.03(k), 1505.02(f), 1904.01(a) can be amended under §7 only in limited circumstances...........................................................................1609.01(a) cancellation of, by IB.......................................................................................................................................1904.08 certificate of registration..................................................................................................................................1904.05 certificate of registration, issuance in name of new owner..............................................................502.02(b), 502.03 claim of acquired distinctiveness....................................................................................................................1212.08 classification of goods and services...........1304.02(d), 1306.02(d), 1401.03(d), 1402.01(c), 1403.02, 1403.02(b) to 1403.02(c), 1505.02(b), 1609.04, 1904.02(b), 1904.02(c) to 1904.02(c)(v) concurrent use registration not permitted...................................................................................................1207.04(b) constructive use.........................................................................................................................................1904.01(g) correction of errors............................................1904.02(e)(i), 1904.03(f), 1904.13, 1904.13(b), 1904.14, 1906.01(f) dividing..............................................................................................................................1110.11, 1403.03, 1615.02 establishing right to take action.........................................................................................................................502.01 filing receipt.......................................................................................................................................................401.01 identification of goods and services............1304.02(c), 1306.02(c), 1402.01(c), 1609.01(a), 1609.03, 1904.02(c) to 1904.02(c)(v), 1906.01(i) incontestability, affidavit of...............................................................................................................1605.01, 1904.11 invalidation ...............................................................................................................................1904.07 to 1904.07(d) issuance of registration certificate in name of new owner...............................................................502.02(b), 502.03 jurisdiction.....................................................................................................................................1504.04, 1904.02(l) limitation in list of goods/services.....................................................1904.02(e)(ii), 1904.03(a), 1904.15, 1906.01(e) mark cannot be amended....................807.13(b), 1609.01(a), 1609.02, 1904.02(j), 1904.02(k), 1904.14, 1906.01(i) ownership,changeof.501.01(b), 501.07, 502.01, 502.02(b), 502.03, 503.03(a), 503.05, 504.04, 1904.06, 1906.01(a) to 1906.01(a)(iii) ownership, in general...........501 to 501.07, 502 to 502.03, 1201 to 1201.07, 1904.06, 1906.01(a) to 1906.01(a)(iii) priority claim.............................................................................................206.02, 806.01(e), 1904.01(e), 1904.09(b) recording change of ownership..........503.02 to 503.03(a), 503.04 to 503.05, 1904.06, 1906.01(a) to 1906.01(a)(iii) refusal ...........................................................................711.03, 714.05, 714.05(b), 1904.03 to 1904.03(g), 1904.04 remains part of international registration........................................................................................................1904.05 remand..............................................................................................................................1504.02, 1504.04, 1504.05 renewal ...................................................................................................................1602.01, 1606.01(b), 1614, 1905 replacement..........................................................................................................................................1616, 1904.12 signature.804.04, 804.05, 1303.01(a)(v), 1303.01(b)(ii), 1304.02(a)(v), 1304.02(b)(ii), 1306.02(a)(v), 1306.02(b)(ii), 1904.01(c), 1904.02(d) Supplemental Register, not registrable on...............................................801.02(b), 815, 816.01, 816.04, 1904.02(f) transformation .........................................................................................................................1904.09 to 1904.09(b) use not required.................................................................................................................................901, 1904.01(d) verification.804.04, 804.05, 1303.01(a)(v), 1303.01(b)(ii), 1304.02(a)(v), 1304.02(b)(ii), 1306.02(a)(v), 1306.02(b)(ii), 1904.01(c), 1904.02(d) when representation required when representation required ..................................................................................................601.01(a), 1612.02 Registration as correct type of mark..............................................................................................................1306.06(c) Registration certificate (See also: Certificate of registration) Registration notice improper use of.................................................................................................................................................906.02 provided for in 15 U.S.C. §1111............................................................................................................................906 symbolizing foreign registration........................................................................................................................906.01 Registration, amendment of mark in...........................................................................................1609.02 to 1609.02(g) Index-46 May 2026 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE Registered extension of protection of international registration to th... — Registration, amendment of mark in Sec. 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Registration, division of.........................................................................................................................1615 to 1615.02 Registration, reinstatement of registration cancelled or expired due to Office error......................................1712.02(a) Reinstatement of inadvertently abandoned application due to Office error............................................................................1712.01 registrations cancelled or expired due to Office error.................................................................................1712.02(a) of registrations cancelled for failure to respond in an expungement or reexamination proceeding.............1716.04(f) Reissuing of Office action.........................................................................................................................717 to 717.02 Related applications (See also: Companion applications)Conflicting applications)........................702.03 to 702.03(b) Related company common stockholders, directors, officers...................................................................................................1201.03(c) control with respect to use by.........................................................................................................................1201.03 definition of.....................................................................................................................................................1201.03 distributor....................................................................................................................................................1201.06(a) first use of mark by...........................................................................................................................................903.05 importer......................................................................................................................................................1201.06(a) licensees and franchisees..........................................................................................................................1201.03(e) reference to, in §1(b) applicant...................................................................................................................1201.03(a) sister corporations......................................................................................................................................1201.03(d) use by..........................................................................................................................903.05, 1201.03 to 1201.03(e) use solely by...............................................................................................................................................1201.03(a) wholly owned..............................................................................................................................................1201.03(b) with respect to likelihood of confusion.................................................................................1201.07 to 1201.07(b)(iv) Remand to examining attorney from Trademark Trial and Appeal Board.................................................1501, 1504.05 Renewal (See also: Renewal, application for) of international registrations....................................................................................1602.01, 1606.01(b), 1614, 1905 of registered extension of protection.......................................................................1602.01, 1606.01(b), 1614, 1905 of registrations issued under Act of 1920...........................................................................1602.03, 1606 to 1606.15 of registrations issued under Act of 1946...........................................................................1602.01, 1606 to 1606.15 of registrations issued under Acts of 1881 and 1905..........................................................1602.02, 1606 to 1606.15 Renewal, application for........................................................................................................................1606 to 1606.15 appeal to federal court................................................................................................................................1606.14(d) by owner of international registration......................................................................1602.01, 1606.01(b), 1614, 1905 by registrant not domiciled in United States....................................................................................................1606.10 combined with §8 affidavit..............................................................................................................................1606.15 deficiencies, correction of......................................................................................1606.05(b), 1606.13 to 1606.13(c) domestic representative, designation of.........................................................................................................1606.10 execution of.....................................................................................................................................................1606.07 fee for filing...............................................................................................................................1606.05 to 1606.05(c) form for filing...................................................................................................................................................1606.04 goods/services/classes set forth in..........................................................................................1606.08 to 1606.08(d) grace period................................................................................................................................1606.03, 1606.05(b) Office action upon examination of...................................................................................................................1606.11 ownership and who may file............................................................................................................................1606.06 petition to Director....................................................................................................................1606.14 to 1606.14(c) premature filing of.......................................................................................................................................1606.03(a) recourse after refusal................................................................................................................1606.14 to 1606.14(c) requirements for..............................................................................................................................................1606.04 response to Office action................................................................................................................................1606.12 May 2026 Index-47 INDEX Registration, division of — Renewal, application for Sec. 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signature of.....................................................................................................................................................1606.07 specimen not required....................................................................................................................................1606.09 term of................................................................................................................................................1602 to 1602.03 time for filing.............................................................................................................................1606.03 to 1606.03(a) untimely filing cannot be cured................................................................................................1606.13(c), 1712.02(a) use, declaration of use not required................................................................................................................1606.09 who may file....................................................................................................................................................1606.06 Repeal of prior trademark acts..........................................................................................................................1601.02 Repeating-pattern marks.............................................................................................................1202.19 to 1202.19(k) drawing requirements for................................................................................................1202.19(a) to 1202.19(a)(iv) failure to function...............................................................................................................1202.19(e) to 1202.19(f)(ii) functional.....................................................................................................................................................1202.19(i) mark descriptions for..................................................................................................................................1202.19(b) material alteration of.........................................................................................................1202.19(c) to 1202.19(c)(v) random patterns..........................................................................................................................................1202.19(j) refusals................................................................................................................................1202.19(e) to 1202.19(h) specimens for.............................................................................................................................................1202.19(d) swatch-type drawings for.......................................................................................................................1202.19(a)(iii) Replacement...........................................................................................................................................1616, 1904.12 Reply brief in ex parte appeal........................................................................................................................1501.02(c) Representation by attorney or other authorized individual...................................................................602 to 602.03(c) Representation required (See also: Requirement for Representation) Reproduction of mark (See also: Drawings) Republication...............................................................................................................................1505.03 to 1505.03(b) Request for extension of protection of international registration to the United States (See also: Extension of protection of international registration to the United States)Registered extension of protection of international registration to the United States)Section 66(a)) Request for extension of time to file statement of use..........................................................................1108 to 1108.05 bona fide intention to use the mark in commerce.............................................................................1101, 1108.02(e) fee for filing.................................................................................................................................................1108.02(c) filing in conjunction with or after statement of use....................................................................1108.03 to 1108.03(a) form for filing........................................................................................................................................................1108 good cause for.............................................................................................................................................1108.02(f) hand delivery of...................................................................................................................................................1108 identification of goods/services in...............................................................................................................1108.02(d) “insurance” extension request..................................................................................................1108.03 to 1108.03(a) minimum filing requirements...........................................................................................................................1108.04 ownership...................................................................................................................................................1108.02(a) recourse after denial........................................................................................................................1108.04, 1108.05 requirements for.......................................................................................................................1108.02 to 1108.02(h) time for filing....................................................................................................................................................1108.01 verification..................................................................................................................................................1108.02(b) Request for extension of time to oppose...........................................................................................................1503.04 Request for extension of time to respond to Office action...............................................................711.01 to 711.01(b) Request for information from applicant.....................................................................................................................814 Request to divide..................................................................................................................................1110 to 1110.12 division of application....................................................................................................................1110 to 1110.11(a) division of application subject to Board proceeding........................................................................................1110.09 Index-48 May 2026 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE Renewal, application for — Request to divide Sec. 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division of application under §44....................................................................................................................1110.10 division of application under §66(a)..........................................................................................1110.11 to 1110.11(a) division of multiple class application................................................................................................1110.08, 1403.03 division of registration........................................................................................................................1615 to 1615.02 fee for..............................................................................................................................................................1110.02 form and processing of...................................................................................................................................1110.04 outstanding deadlines apply to applications created by.................................................................................1110.05 signature of.....................................................................................................................................................1110.06 time for filing....................................................................................................................................................1110.03 when response to Office action is due.............................................................................................1110.05, 1110.08 when statement of use is due.........................................................................................................................1110.07 Requirement for representation.........601, 1013, 1505.01(a), 1612.02, 1705.07(a), 1712.01, 1712.02(a), 1716.04(a), 1904.01(i) Requirements for receiving filing date for application...........................................................................202 to 202.03(a) Reregistration of marks registered under prior acts..........................................................................................1601.03 Res judicata............................................................................................................................................................1217 Resignation of examining attorney......................................................................................................................702.01 Response to IB notice of irregularity of international application for registration..........................1902.07 to 1902.07(f) Response to Office action deadline for....................................................................................................................................310, 711 to 711.03 incomplete.............611.05 to 611.05(c), 718.03 to 718.03(b), 1713.01 to 1713.02, 1714.01(f)(ii) to 1714.01(f)(ii)(A) must be signed......................................................................................................................................712 to 712.03 persons who can sign....................................................................................611.03(b), 611.06 to 611.06(h), 712.01 signed by unauthorized party.............................................................................608.01, 611.05 to 611.05(c), 712.03 unsigned...........................................................................................................................................................712.02 Restoration of filing date.........................................................................................................................................1711 Restriction of holder’s right to dispose of international registration...............................................................1906.01(b) Return of application materials not entitled to a filing date..................................................................................204.01 Returned correspondence...........................................................................................................................403, 717.01 Revival (See also: Petition to revive abandoned application) Revived or reinstated application, examination of............................................................................718.07, 1208.01(d) Revocation of power of attorney...............................................................................................................................606 S Sanctions delegation of authority.........................................................................................................................................1701 for abusive or threatening behavior...................................................................................................................709.07 for unauthorized practice before the USPTO....................................................................................................608.02 Scandalous matter (See also: Immoral or scandalous matter) Scent as mark....................................................................................................................807.09, 904.03(m), 1202.13 Scope of identification of goods and services for purposes of amendment................................1402.07 to 1402.07(e) “Search clause”...................................................................................................................................................704.02 Search facility for public trademark...........................................................................................................................104 May 2026 Index-49 INDEX Request to divide — Search facility for public trademark Sec. 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Search of trademark applications and registrations..................................................................................................104 Search room, trademark assignment..................................................................................................................503.08 Search, by examining attorney...............................................................................206.04, 704.02, 718.07, 1904.09(b) Secondary meaning (See also: Acquired distinctiveness (§2(f)) claim) Secondary source.........................................................................................................................................1202.03(c) Section 2(f) claim (See also: Acquired distinctiveness (§2(f)) claim) Section 8 affidavit (See also: Affidavit of continued use or excusable nonuse (§8)) Section 15 affidavit (See also: Affidavit of incontestability) Section 44 (See also: Foreign registration, application based on ownership of and Priority claim in §44(d) application)Priority under §44(d), application claiming) applications for Supplemental Register under.....................................................................................................1014 assignment of applications under........................................................................................................................1006 claim of acquired distinctiveness in application under.........................................................................................1010 eligible applicants, under...................................................................................................................1002 to 1002.05 international trademark agreements implemented by..........................................................................................1001 sections of publications, marks that identify.............................................................................1202.07 to 1202.07(b) Section 66(a) application (See also: Extension of protection of international registration to the United States)Registered extension of protection of international registration to the United States) amendment of identification of goods/services.......1402.01(c), 1609.01(a), 1904.02(c) to 1904.02(c)(v), 1906.01(i) amendment of mark not permitted............................................................807.13(b), 1609.02, 1904.02(j), 1906.01(i) amendment to Supplemental Register not permitted...............................801.02(b), 815, 816.01, 816.04, 1904.02(f) assignability of..............................................................................................................................................501.01(b) assignee, issuance of registration certificate in name of..............................................................................502.02(b) assignment of........501.01(b), 501.07, 502.01, 502.02(b), 503.03(a), 503.05, 1904.06, 1906.01(a) to 1906.01(a)(iii) basis......................................................................................................806.01(e), 806.03(k), 1505.02(f), 1904.01(a) cancellation of, by IB.......................................................................................................................................1904.08 cannot be based on USPTO application....................................................................................................1904.01(h) certificate of registration..................................................................................................................................1904.05 certificate of registration, issuance in name of new owner..............................................................502.02(b), 502.03 certification and collective marks................................................................................................................1904.02(d) claim of acquired distinctiveness....................................................................................................................1212.08 classificationofgoodsandservices.1401.03(d), 1403.02, 1403.02(b) to 1403.02(c), 1505.02(b), 1609.04, 1904.02(b) concurrent use registration not permitted...................................................................................................1207.04(b) constructive use.........................................................................................................................................1904.01(g) correction of errors..................................................................1904.03(f), 1904.13, 1904.13(b), 1904.14, 1906.01(f) correspondence address............................................................................................................609.01(a), 1904.02(i) declaration of intent to use required...........................................................................804.05, 1904.01(c), 1904.02(d) description of mark....................................................................................................................808.03(b), 1904.02(k) dividing......................................................................................................................1110.11 to 1110.11(a), 1615.02 domicile address, updating of.......................................................................................................................609.01(a) drawing...807.03(b), 807.03(g) to 807.03(h), 807.07(b), 807.07(d)(iii), 807.07(f)(i), 807.12(c), 807.13(b), 1904.02(j), 1904.02(k) email address..........................................................................................601.01(a), 609.01(a), 803.05(b), 1904.01(j) establishing right to take action.........................................................................................................................502.01 examination of..........................................................................................................................1904.02 to 1904.09(b) express abandonment of..................................................................................................................................718.01 filing basis.......................806.01(e), 806.03(k), 1303.01(a)(v), 1304.02(a)(v), 1306.02(a)(v), 1505.02(f), 1904.01(a) filing date............................................................................................................201, 202 to 202.01, 203, 1904.01(b) Index-50 May 2026 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE Search of trademark applications and registrations — Section 66(a) application Sec. 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filing fee............................................................202.03, 810 to 810.01, 1110.11(a), 1401.04, 1401.04(b), 1904.01(f) filing receipt.......................................................................................................................................................401.01 identification of goods and services...........1401.03(d), 1402.01(c), 1609.01(a), 1609.03, 1904.02(b), 1904.02(c) to 1904.02(c)(v), 1906.01(i) invalidation of............................................................................................................................1904.07 to 1904.07(d) issuance of registration certificate in name of new owner...............................................................502.02(b), 502.03 jurisdiction..............................................................................................................1504.04 to 1504.04(a), 1904.02(l) limitation in list of goods/services.....................................................1904.02(e)(ii), 1904.03(g), 1904.15, 1906.01(e) mark cannot be amended..................................................807.03(g) to 807.03(h), 807.13(b), 1904.02(j), 1906.01(i) must be filed by holder of international registration.............................................................................................1201 notice of refusal...........................................................................711.03, 714.05(b), 1904.03 to 1904.03(g), 1904.04 Office actions, issuing................................................................................................................................1904.02(h) opposition..........................................................1503.01, 1503.04 to 1503.05, 1504.02, 1504.04, 1504.05, 1904.04 ownership, change of...................501.01(b), 501.07, 502.01, 502.02(b), 503.03(a), 503.05, 1904.06, 1906.01(a) to 1906.01(a)(iii), 1906.01(c) ownership, in general................................................501 to 501.07, 502 to 502.03, 1201 to 1201.07(b)(iv), 1904.06 priority claim..................................................................................................................................206.02, 1904.01(e) recording change of ownership...........................................................503.05, 1904.06, 1906.01(a) to 1906.01(a)(iii) refusal of.........................................................................................................711.03, 714.05(b), 1904.03 to 1904.04 remains part of international registration........................................................................................................1904.05 remand..............................................................................................................................1504.02, 1504.04, 1504.05 renewal of................................................................................................................1602.01, 1606.01(b), 1614, 1905 replacement..........................................................................................................................................1616, 1904.12 signature.804.04, 804.05, 1303.01(a)(v), 1303.01(b)(ii), 1304.02(a)(v), 1304.02(b)(ii), 1306.02(a)(v), 1306.02(b)(ii), 1904.01(c) Supplemental Register, amendment to not a new issue...........................................................................714.05(a)(i) Supplemental Register, not registrable on...............................................801.02(b), 815, 816.01, 816.04, 1904.02(f) suspension pending disposition of request filed with the IB.........................................................................716.02(g) transformation of......................................................................................................................1904.09 to 1904.09(b) use not required.................................................................................................................................901, 1904.01(d) verification.................804, 804.04, 804.05, 1303.01(a)(v), 1303.01(b), 1303.01(b)(ii), 1304.02(a)(v), 1304.02(b)(ii), 1306.02(a)(v), 1306.02(b)(ii), 1904.01(c), 1904.02(d) when representation required....................................................................................................601.01(a), 1904.01(i) Section 71 affidavit............................................................................................................1613 to 1613.21(d), 1904.10 Security interest agreements, recording of..........................................................................................................503.02 Serial number......................................................................................................................................................401.02 Series code..........................................................................................................................................................401.02 Service mark character or personal name..................................................................................1202.09(a) to 1202.10, 1301.02(b) computer software.......................................................................................................................................1301.02(f) definition of...........................................................................................................................................1301, 1301.02 functional matter...................................................................................................................................1202.02(a)(vii) identification and classification of services....................................1301.05, 1401 to 1401.13, 1402.11 to 1402.11(k) informational matter....................................................................................................................................1301.02(a) matter that does not function as.................................................................................................................1301.02(a) menu item for restaurant............................................................................................................................1301.02(a) ornamental matter......................................................................................................................................1301.02(a) process, system or method........................................................................................................................1301.02(e) May 2026 Index-51 INDEX Section 66(a) application — Service mark Sec. 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product used in performing service............................................................................................................1301.02(a) radio and television program, title of...........................................................................................................1301.02(d) specimens of use.......................................................................................................................1301.04 to 1301.04(j) system, process or method........................................................................................................................1301.02(e) three-dimensional......................................................................................1202.02(a)(vii), 1202.02(b)(ii), 1301.02(c) use in commerce......................................................................................................................1301.03 to 1301.03(b) what is a....................................................................................................................................1301.02 to 1301.02(f) Service, what is a...................................................................................................................1301.01 to 1301.01(b)(vi) contests and promotional activities.........................................................................................................1301.01(b)(i) criteria for determining what constitutes..........................................................................1301.01(a) to 1301.01(a)(iii) informational services ancillary to sale of goods....................................................................................1301.01(b)(v) investment, soliciting.............................................................................................................................1301.01(b)(iv) promotional services....................................................................................1215.02(b), 1301.01(a)(ii), 1301.01(b)(i) publishing..............................................................................................................................................1301.01(b)(iii) warranty or guarantee of repair..............................................................................................................1301.01(b)(ii) Services classification of...................................................................................................................1301.05, 1401 to 1401.13 identification of..........................................................................................................................1402.11 to 1402.11(k) Shape as mark background designs and shapes as mark......................................................................................................1202.11 product and container configurations................................................................................1202.02(a) to 1202.02(f)(ii) Signature (See also: Verification of application) as certification..............................................................................................................................................611.01(a) by association...................................................................................................................................611.06(f), 804.04 by corporation..................................................................................................................................611.06(d), 804.04 by foreign corporate-type entity.......................................................................................................611.06(e), 804.04 by joint applicants..........................................................................................611.02 to 611.02(a), 611.06(a), 804.04 by joint venture................................................................................................................................611.06(c), 804.04 by limited liability company.............................................................................................611.06(g), 803.03(h), 804.04 by limited liability partnership......................................................................................................................611036(h) by partnership..................................................................................................................................611.06(b), 804.04 by someone other than applicant or applicant’s attorney.............................................................611.05 to 611.05(c) by unincorporated association.......................................................................................................................611.06(f) date of.................................................................................................804.03, 1104.10(b)(ii), 1108.02(b), 1109.11(c) electronic......................................................................................................................................................611.01(c) examples of authorized and unauthorized signatories.....................................................................................611.04 must be personally signed.............611.01(b) to 611.01(c), 611.02 to 611.02(a), 611.03 to 611.03(i), 712 to 712.03, 804.01(b), 804.04 of amendments and responses....................................611.02 to 611.02(a), 611.03(b), 611.05 to 611.05(c), 712.01 of applicant (See also: Verification of application) of application for registration, persons who can sign........................................................................................804.04 of correction, amendment, or surrender of registration.................................................................................611.03(f) of correspondence address change request in an application or registration.................609.02(b), 611.02, 611.03(i) of documents filed in USPTO............................................................................................................611 to 611.05(c) of domestic representative designation and representation.................................................................610, 611.03(h) of electronically filed documents...................................................................................................................611.01(c) of letter of express abandonment..............................................................................608.01, 611.02, 611.05, 718.01 of petition to Director....................................................................................611.02 to 611.02(a), 611.03(e), 1705.07 Index-52 May 2026 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE Service mark — Signature Sec. No. Sec. No.
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of petition to revive.....................................................................................................611.03(d), 1705.07, 1714.01(e) of powers of attorney and revocations of powers of attorney...............................................................606, 611.03(c) of renewal applications..................................................................................................................611.03(g), 1606.07 of request to divide.......................................................................................611.02 to 611.02(a), 611.03(b), 1110.06 of response to Office action...................................................608.01, 611.02 to 611.02(a), 611.03(b), 712 to 712.03 persons who can sign verification on behalf of applicant..................................................................................804.04 persons who may sign response......................................................................................................................712.01 requirements for...........................................................................................................................................611.01(b) using document-signing software.....................................................................................................611.01(c)(i) to (ii) Single creative work, title of......................................................................................1202.08 to 1202.08(f), 1301.02(d) “Single source” (related companies)......................................................................................1201.07 to 1201.07(b)(iv) Size of mark on drawing.................................................................................................................807.05(c), 807.06(a) Slogans disclaimers with respect to......................................................................................................................1213.05(b)(i) registrability of........................................................................................................1202.03(f)(i), 1202.04, 1301.02(a) Sole proprietorship as applicant......................................................................................................................803.03(a) Sound marks........................................................................................................................807.09, 904.03(f), 1202.15 “Special” applications (See also: Petition to make “special”)...............................................................................702.02 Special form drawing.......................................................................................................................807.04 to 807.04(b) also referred to as “ink drawing”...................................................................................................807.04 to 807.04(b) characteristics of..........................................................................................................................................807.04(a) correction of......................................................................................................................................807.15 to 807.16 mark drawing code...........................................................................................................................................807.18 size limitations for........................................................................................................................807.05(c), 807.06(a) when required...............................................................................................................................................807.04(b) Specimens affidavit of use of...............................................................................................................................................904.05 agreement with mark on drawing...........................................................807.12 to 807.12(e), 1215.02(c), 1306.04(a) beta versions........................................................................................................904.03(e), 904.03(i)(D), 1301.03(a) bulky.............................................................................................................................................................904.02(b) catalogs........................................................................................................................................................904.03(h) certification mark...............1306.02(a)(i)(B), 1306.05(b)(iii), 1306.04(c), 1306.04(d) to 1306.04(d)(ii), 1306.05(b)(iii) collective membership mark.................................................................1304.02(a)(i)(C), 1304.03(b) to 1304.03(b)(ii) collective trademark and collective service mark, confusion with trademark or service mark...................1303.02(b) commercial packaging..................................................................................................................................904.03(c) deferral of examination in multiple-basis application....................................................................................806.02(c) digitally created/altered or mockup..................................................................................904.04(a)(i) to 904.04(a)(iii) displays associated with goods....................................................................................................................904.03(g) electronic and digital media attachments.....................................................................................................904.03(d) electronic displays.................................................................................................................904.03(i) to 904.03(i)(D) electronically filed...........................................................................904.02(a), 1104.10(b)(v), 1109.09(b), 1604.12(b) facsimiles......................................................................................................................................................904.02(b) for amendment to allege use..................................................................................................................1104.10(b)(v) for color marks.......................................................................................................................904.02(c)(ii), 1202.05(f) for combined application (See also: Specimen, multiple-class application) for computer programs, movies, videos, or audio recordings.......................................................................904.03(e) for downloadable computersoftware.............................................................................................................904.03(e) for flavor marks............................................................................................................................................904.03(m) May 2026 Index-53 INDEX Signature — Specimens Sec. 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for motion marks............................................................................................................................................904.03(l) for publications.........................................................................................................................................904.02(c)(iii) for scent marks............................................................................................................................................904.03(m) for statement of use....................................................................................................................................1109.09(b) impracticable to place mark on goods, packaging, or displays.....................................................................904.03(k) labels............................................................................................................................................................904.03(a) manuals.........................................................................................................................................................904.03(j) multiple-class application...........................................................904.01, 904.01(b), 1402.03(c), 1403.01, 1403.02(b) musical score.................................................................................................................................904.03(f), 1202.15 number of.....................................................................................................................................904.01 to 904.01(b) other materials required for examination...................................................................................................904.02(c)(i) package inserts............................................................................................................................................904.04(c) paper filed.....................................................................................................................................................904.02(b) parties named on-Office no longer inquires as to relationship with applicant.................................................1201.04 physical form of............................................................................................................................904.02 to 904.02(b) service mark..............................................................................................................................1301.04 to 1301.04(j) sound marks..................................................................................................................................................904.03(f) stampings.....................................................................................................................................................904.03(b) statutory refusals.....904.07 to 904.07(b)(i), 1301.04(g) to 1301.04(g)(ii), 1304.03(b) to 1304.03(b)(ii), 1306.04(d) to 1306.04(d)(ii) substitute (See also: Substitute specimens) tags...................................................................................................................................................................904.03 trademark.....................................................................................................................................904.03 to 904.04(c) translation of matter on.....................................................................................................................................904.06 use, affidavit of..................................................................................................................................................904.05 Standard character drawings............................................................................................................807.03 to 807.03(i) and foreign registration.............................................................................................................807.03(f), Appendix E and specimen of use....................................................................................................................................807.03(e) changing to or from special form may be material alteration.......................................807.03(d), 807.14 to 807.14(f) combined with other elements......................................................................................................................807.03(c) format unclear..............................................................................................................................................807.03(h) in §44 application..........................................................................................................................................807.03(f) in §66(a) application...............................................................................................807.03(b), 807.03(g) to 807.03(h) list of.............................................................................................................................................................807.03(b) mark drawing code...........................................................................................................................................807.18 requirements for...........................................................................................................................................807.03(a) Standard character list....................................................................................................................................807.03(b) Stare decisis...........................................................................................................................................................1217 Statement of use approval of......................................................................................................................................................1109.18 black-out period................................................................................................................................1103, 1104.03(b) classification, amendment of..........................................................................................................................1109.14 clear-error standard in examining......................................................................................................706.01, 1109.08 correcting defects.....................................................................................................................1109.16 to 1109.16(e) date of execution........................................................................................................................................1109.11(c) dates of use................................................................................................................................................1109.09(a) dates of use, amendment of..........................................................................................................903.04, 1109.09(a) discrepancies between dates of use and execution dates...........................................................................903.06(a) Index-54 May 2026 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE Specimens — Statement of use Sec. 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drawing...........................................................................................................................................................1109.12 examination of...........................................................................................................1109.07 to 1109.08, 1109.16(b) execution of..............................................................................................................................1109.11 to 1109.11(d) extension of time to file (See also: Request for extension of time to file statement of use) failure to file within time permitted.....................................................................................................718.04, 1109.04 fee for filing...............................................................................................................................1109.15 to 1109.15(a) form of.............................................................................................................................................................1109.05 hand delivery of..............................................................................................................................................1109.05 identification of goods/services in...................................................................................................................1109.13 may not be withdrawn.....................................................................................................................................1109.17 minimum requirements for..............................................................................................................................1109.01 minimum requirements, review for compliance with.......................................................................................1109.02 necessary elements of....................................................................................................................................1109.06 ownership.......................................................................................................................................................1109.10 petition to review refusal.............................................................................................................................1109.02(a) recourse after refusal.................................................................................................................................1109.16(e) requirements for..............................................................................................................................................1109.06 response to Office action............................................................................................................................1109.16(d) signature of..................................................................................................................804.04, 1109.11 to 1109.11(d) specimens for.............................................................................................................................................1109.09(b) time for filing....................................................................................................................................................1109.04 use in commerce............................................................................................................................................1109.09 use on all goods/services required before filing..............................................................................................1109.03 verification of...............................................................................................................804.04, 1109.11 to 1109.11(d) withdrawal prohibited......................................................................................................................................1109.17 Status inquiries..........................................................................................................................108 to 108.03, 1705.05 Internet information...........................................................................................................................................108.01 personal telephone assistance.........................................................................................................................108.02 duty to monitor status........................................................................................................................108.03, 1705.05 Statutory authority for examination...........................................................................................................................701 Statutory averments in application for registration............804.02, 804.05, 1303.01(b) to 1303.01(b)(ii), 1304.02(b) to 1304.02(b)(ii), 1306.02(b) to 1306.02(b)(ii) Stippling on drawing........................................................................................................................................808.01(b) Subpoena received by Office employee............................................................................................................1801.01 Subsequent designations............................................................................................................1902.08 to 1902.08(e) Substitute drawing..................................................................................................................................807.15, 807.18 Substitute specimens affidavit supporting............................................................................................................................................904.05 for amendment to allege use..................................................................................................................1104.10(b)(v) for statement of use....................................................................................................................................1109.09(b) in response to refusal for failure to show the applied-for mark functioning as a mark...................................714.05(f) in response to refusal for failure to show use of the mark in commerce......................................................714.05(e) may require amendment of dates of use..........................................................................................................904.05 requirements for substitute specimens and statutory refusals..................................................904.07 to 904.07(b)(i) Supervisory authority of Director............................................................................................................................1707 Supplemental Register allegation of use filed with amendment to..................................................................................714.05(a)(i), 1102.03 amendment of application to..................................................................................................................816 to 816.05 May 2026 Index-55 INDEX Statement of use — Supplemental Register Sec. 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applications for.......................................................................................................................................815 to 815.04 intent-to-use applications..............................................................................................206.01, 714.05(a)(i), 1102.03 marks eligible for Principal Register not registrable on.....................................................................................815.01 not an admission that mark has not acquired distinctiveness...........................................................................815.03 refusal of incapable matter...............................................................................................................................815.04 request for extension of protection of international registration, not eligible..............801.02(b), 815, 816.01, 816.04, 1904.02(f) required elements.............................................................................................................................................815.02 Surname, primarily merely a......................................................................................................1211 to 1211.02(b)(vii) combined with additional matter....................................................................................1211.01(b) to 1211.01(b)(viii) combined with domain name.................................................................................................1211.01(b)(vii), 1215.03 combined with initials.............................................................................................................................1211.01(b)(iii) combined with legal or familial entity designation................................................................................1211.01(b)(viii) combined with title.................................................................................................................................1211.01(b)(iv) combined with wording..........................................................................................................................1211.01(b)(vi) doctrine of foreign equivalents..............................................................................................................1211.01(a)(vii) double surname......................................................................................................................................1211.01(b)(i) evidence supporting refusal................................................................................................1211.02 to 1211.02(b)(vii) fame of mark evidence.........................................................................................................................1211.02(b)(vii) geographical significance......................................................................................................................1211.01(a)(iii) historical place or person......................................................................................................................1211.01(a)(iv) LexisNexis® research database evidence............................................................................710.01(a), 1211.02(b)(ii) “look and feel” of a surname..................................................................................................................1211.01(a)(vi) negative dictionary evidence........................................................................................1211.01(a)(vii), 1211.02(b)(vi) non-surname significance...............................................................................................1211.01(a) to 1211.01(a)(vi) ordinary language meaning.....................................................................................................................1211.01(a)(i) person associated with application, surname of....................................................................................1211.02(b)(iv) phonetic equivalent.................................................................................................................................1211.01(a)(ii) plural......................................................................................................................................................1211.01(b)(v) possessive..............................................................................................................................................1211.01(b)(v) rare.........................................................................................................................................................1211.01(a)(v) specimens confirming surname significance of term.............................................................................1211.02(b)(v) stylization................................................................................................................................................1211.01(b)(ii) telephone directory listings..........................................................................................1211.02(b)(i) to 1211.02(b)(iii) U.S. census database evidence.............................................................................................................1211.02(b)(iii) Surrender of registration for cancellation.............................................................................................1608, 1904.07(c) Suspended cases checked by examining attorney..............................................................................................716.04 Suspension of action by Office after final action................................................................................................................................................716.06 circumstances where appropriate..................................................................................................716.02 to 716.02(l) letter of inquiry regarding..................................................................................................................................716.05 notice of............................................................................................................................................................716.01 pending cancellation or expiration of cited registration.................................................................................716.02(e) pending correction of or limitation to international registration.....................................................................716.02(g) pending decision on petition .............................................................................................................716.02, 1705.06 pending decision on petition to waive domicile address requirement............................................................716.02(l) pending disposition of earlier-filed application..............................................................................................716.02(c) pending disposition of expungement or reexamination proceedings.............................................................716.02(j) Index-56 May 2026 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE Supplemental Register — Suspension of action by Office Sec. 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pending disposition of post registration audit...............................................................................................716.02(k) pending disposition of request filed with the IB............................................................................................716.02(g) pending expiration of “insurance” extension request.....................................................................................716.02(f) pending inter partes or court proceeding.....................................................................................................716.02(d) pending receipt of foreign registration.......................................................................................716.02(b), 1003.04(a) pending receipt of proof of renewal of foreign registration........................................................716.02(b), 1004.01(a) request to remove.............................................................................................................................................716.03 Suspension of practitioner from practice before USPTO.....................................................................................608.02 Suspension, removal of application from................................................................................................716.03, 716.06 Swiss Confederation Coat of Arms & Swiss Flag..............................................................1205.01(d) to 1205.01(d)(iv) T TAC (Trademark Assistance Center)...................................................................................................................108.02 Taiwan, understanding with the United States.............................................................................................Appendix B Tax-exempt corporation...................................................................................................................................803.03(c) TEAS (Trademark Electronic Application System) (See also: Electronic filing through the trademark electronic filing system) TEAS Plus.......................................................................................................................................................819.06(b) Telephone communications.................................................................................................................................709.04 Telephone numbers........................................................................................................................................1209.03(l) Telescoped words......................................................................................................................................1213.05(a)(i) “Ten-year proviso” of §5 of Act of 1905..............................................................................................................1601.04 Territorial commerce............................................................................................................................................901.03 TESS (Trademark Electronic Search System)..........................................................................................................104 Testimony, requests for, referred to Office of General Counsel.........................................................................1801.01 Third parties, inquires from regarding ex parte matters..........................................................................................1806 Third party registrations evidence of........................................................................................................................................................710.03 relevance in determining descriptiveness...................................................................................................1209.03(a) relevance in determining likelihood of confusion...................................................................................1207.01(d)(iii) Third Protocol.....................................................................................................................1205.01(a) to 1205.01(a)(vi) Three-dimensional marks........................................................................807.10, 1202.02 to 1202.02(f)(ii), 1301.02(c) TICRS (Trademark Image Capture and Retrieval System)..........................................................................109.02, 402 Time between execution and filing.........................................................804.03, 1104.10(b)(ii), 1108.02(b), 1109.11(c) Title of a single creative work....................................................................................1202.08 to 1202.08(f), 1301.02(d) Title or degree....................................................................................................................1304.03(b)(ii), 1306.04(d)(ii) Trade dress........................................................................................1202.02 to 1202.02(f)(ii), 1202.03, 1202.03(f)(iii) description of mark......................................................................................1202.02(c), 1202.02(c)(ii), 1202.02(c)(iv) disclaimer...............................................................................................................................................1202.02(c)(iii) drawing............................................................................................807.10, 1202.02(c), 1202.02(c)(i), 1202.02(c)(iv) identification of goods/services..........................................................................................1202.02(f) to 1202.02(f)(ii) product design...................................................................1202.02(a) to 1202.02(a)(viii), 1202.02(b)(i), 1202.02(f)(i) product packaging...........................................................1202.02(a) to 1202.02(a)(viii), 1202.02(b)(ii), 1202.02(f)(ii) May 2026 Index-57 INDEX Suspension of action by Office — Trade dress Sec. 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section 1(b), applications based on ...........................................................................................................1202.02(d) sections 44 and 66(a), applications based on............................................................................................1202.02(e) Trade name........................................................................................................................................................1202.01 Trademark Act of 1946 claiming benefits of, under §12(c)......................................................................................................1603 to 1603.03 duration of registrations under........................................................................................................................1602.01 effective date of...............................................................................................................................................1601.02 Trademark assignment, searching..................................................................................................503.08 to 503.08(a) Trademark Assistance Center (TAC)...................................................................................................................108.02 Trademark Electronic Application System (TEAS) (See also: Electronic filing through TEAS) Trademark Electronic Search System (TESS)..........................................................................................................104 Trademark forms.......................................................................................................................................................103 Trademark Image Capture and Retrieval System (TICRS)..........................................................................109.02, 402 Trademark Law Revision Act of 1988................................................................816.02, 901.02, 1303.01(a)(i), 1602.01 Trademark Law Treaty Implementation Act, changes to requirements for maintaining a registration................1602.04 Trademark manuals..................................................................................................................................................107 Trademark Official Gazette contents of.............................................................................................................................................................106 notification of clerical errors in........................................................................................................................1502.01 publication in........................................................................................................................................................1502 Trademark searching................................................................................................................................................104 Trademark Status and Document Retrieval (TSDR) database....................................................................109.01, 402 Trademark Trial and Appeal Board (TTAB) appeal to............................................................................................................................................1501 to 1501.04 concurrent proceedings.......................................................................................................................................1506 interference..........................................................................................................................................................1507 jurisdiction of...................................................................................................................................................1504.02 opposition proceedings before...........................................................................................................1503 to 1503.05 Trademark website..................................................................................................................102, 104, 108.01, 109.01 Trademark, definition of..........................................................................................................................................1202 Transformation..............................................................................................................1902.10, 1904.09 to 1904.09(b) Translation doctrine of foreign equivalents (See also: Doctrine of Foreign Equivalents) entry of.........................................................................................................................................................809.01(a) equivalency in...................................................................................................................................................809.02 exceptions to translation requirement.................................................................................809.01(b) to 809.01(b)(iii) of dead or obscure languages................................................................809.01(b)(iii), 1207.01(b)(vi)(B), 1209.03(g) of document submitted for recording in Assignment Division.......................................................................503.03(c) of foreign articles or prepositions combined with English terms...............................................................809.01(b)(ii) of foreign registration..................................................................................................................................1004.01(b) of idiomatic expressions............................................................................................................................809.01(b)(i) of matter on specimens....................................................................................................................................904.06 of non-English wording in mark.............................................................................................................809 to 809.02 printing of.................................................................................................................809.01 to 809.01(a), 809.03, 817 Transliteration of non-Latin characters in mark.........................................................................................809 to 809.02 Treaty or convention relating to trademarks........................................................................1001, 1002.03, Appendix B TRIPs (Trade-Related Intellectual Property portions of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)...............1210.08 to 1210.08(a), Appendix B Index-58 May 2026 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE Trade dress — TRIPs (Trade-Related Intellectual Property portions of General Agreeme... 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Trust as owner of mark............................................................................................................803.03(e) to 803.03(e)(i) TSDR (Trademark Status and Document Retrieval) database.......................................................108.01, 109.01, 402 Type of commerce...............................................................................................................................................901.03 Type of mark, registration in correct category...............................................................................................1306.06(c) Types of applications............................................................................................................................801 to 801.02(b) Types of marks.......................................................................................................................1202, 1300 to 1306.06(c) Types of registrations............................................................................................................................1601 to 1601.06 U Unauthorized practice at PTO..................................................................................................................608 to 608.02 Undeliverable correspondence, returned as.............................................................................................................403 Unintentional delay petition based on...............................................................................................................1714.01(e) to 1714.01(f)(ii) statement of................................................................................................................................................1714.01(e) where unintentional delay applies......................................................................................1714.01(f) to 1714.01(f)(ii) United States Patent and Trademark Office reorganization of..................................................................................................................................................1701 Website................................................................................................................................102, 104, 108.01, 109.01 Unity of control.....................................................................................714.05(d), 715.03(b), 1201.07 to 1201.07(b)(iv) Universal symbols..................................................................................................................1202.17 to 1202.17(e)(vi) Unpublished decisions.........................................................................................................................................705.05 Unscheduled closing of USPTO...............................................................................................................................309 Unsigned response to Office action.....................................................................................................................712.02 Uruguay Round Agreements.........................................................................................................1210.08, Appendix B U.S. Postal Service, interruptions of....................................................................................................................305.04 Use dates (See also: Dates of use) Use in commerce assertion of............................................................................................................................................................901 bona fide use in the ordinary course of trade...................................................................................................901.02 certification marks...................................................................................................................................1306.02(a)(i) collective membership marks..................................................................................................................1304.02(a)(i) collective trademarks and service marks................................................................................................1303.01(a)(i) commerce that may be lawfully regulated by Congress....................................................................................901.03 date of first........................................................................................................................................................903.02 definition of.......................................................................................................................................................901.01 not required in §44 application.....................................................................................................................901, 1009 not required in §66(a) application.......................................................................................................901, 1904.01(d) service marks...........................................................................................................................1301.03 to 1301.03(b) solely by related company.............................................................................................................903.05, 1201.03(a) Use of mark as a mark...........................................................................................................1202, 1301, 1303, 1304.01, 1306.01 bona fide use in the ordinary course of trade...................................................................................................901.02 by applicant.....................................................................................................................................................1201.01 May 2026 Index-59 INDEX Trust as owner of mark — Use of mark Sec. 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by licensee.................................................................................................................................................1201.03(e) by predecessor in title.......................................................................................................................................903.05 by related company.....................................................................................................903.05, 1201.03 to 1201.03(e) in commerce (See also: Use in commerce) solely as a trade name....................................................................................................................................1202.01 solely by related company..........................................................................................................................1201.03(a) V Varietal names...................................................................................................................................................1202.12 Verification of application (See also: Signature).......................................................................................804 to 804.05 declaration in lieu of oath.............................................................................................................................804.01(b) defective.....................................................804.01(a), 804.01(b), 804.02, 1303.01(b)(i), 1304.02(b)(i), 1306.02(b)(i) electronic......................................................................................................................................................611.01(c) in a foreign country....................................................................................................................................804.01(a)(i) must be personally signed............................................................611.01(b) to 611.01(c), 611.02, 804.01(b), 804.04 not required for receipt of filing date......................................................................................................................804 of §1(a) or §44 application.................................................804 to 804.03, 1303.01(b)(i), 1304.02(b)(i), 1306.02(b)(i) of §66(a) application...........804, 804.05, 1303.01(a)(v), 1303.01(b)(ii), 1304.02(a)(v), 1304.02(b)(ii), 1306.02(a)(v), 1306.02(b)(ii), 1904.01(c), 1904.02(d) persons who can sign......................................................................................................................611.03(a), 804.04 under 28 U.S.C. §1746................................................................................................................................804.01(b) with oath.......................................................................................................................................................804.01(a) W Waiver of rules, on petition.....................................................................................................................................1708 Warehouse storage of paper files access by public to files in................................................................................................................................109.02 of registration files.............................................................................................................................................109.02 Who may practice before Office in trademark matters............................................................602 to 602.03(c), 611.02 Wholly owned related companies..................................................................................................................1201.03(b) Wines/spirits, misleading indication of origin of...........................................................................1210.08 to 1210.08(c) Withdrawal of attorney..............................................................................................................................................607 Withdrawal of authorization to represent..................................................................................................................606 Withdrawal of prior amendment.........................................................714.05(a), 715.03(a)(ii)(A), 715.03(b), 715.04(a) to amend identification of goods/services.................................................................................................714.05(a)(i) to seek registration under §2f....................................................................................................................714.05(a)(i) to Supplemental Register..........................................................................................................................714.05(a)(i) Withdrawal of refusal or requirement after appeal.............................................................................................1501.03 Index-60 May 2026 TRADEMARK MANUAL OF EXAMINING PROCEDURE Use of mark — Withdrawal of refusal or requirement after appeal Sec. 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World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)...................................................1401.02(a), 1900 (introductory text) World Trade Organization (WTO).................................................................................................................Appendix B Written application, form for filing.............................................................................................................................802 X (No Entry) Y (No Entry) Z (No Entry) May 2026 Index-61 INDEX World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) — (No Entry) Sec. No. Sec. No.
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