Key legal question
Whether Oberrichter Rolf Naef had to be recused for appearance of bias after contacting defense counsel and announcing a likely dismissal recommendation.
Extracted holding
Yes. By initiating the call and conveying a preliminary negative assessment, the judge created an objective appearance of partiality.
Extracted reasoning
A referent may form a preliminary view from the file, but direct communication of that view to defense counsel, especially on the court’s own initiative, can objectively suggest the judge is no longer open to persuasion. The defendant could reasonably fear that the appeal would not be judged with an open mind.