Key legal question
Whether the company's formation was subject to a permit under the Lex Koller because of foreign financing through Z.c.
Extracted holding
No permit was required for the formation; Z.c. did not acquire an owner-like position or prohibited participation.
Extracted reasoning
The CHF 68,000 financing was within the generally acceptable range; no special dependence or other abusive arrangement was shown, and the father's role as lender did not amount to an indirect participation under the statutory anti-avoidance rule.