Key legal question
Whether the exclusion of a member from a professional association acting as a key industry organization was justified by an important reason.
Extracted holding
The exclusion was not justified; in a public-facing professional association, minor breaches of internal directives do not suffice as an important reason for exclusion.
Extracted reasoning
The lower court gave excessive weight to the association’s reputational interests. The member’s deviations were minor, the alleged harm to the association was speculative, and the member’s economic interests were substantial. A serious reason is required, and that threshold was not met.