Key legal question
Whether the federal panel had to be recused because it was not independent from Vaud and knew the case
Extracted holding
The recusal request was moot; the panel was composed of three judges independent of Vaud, and prior participation in another federal case is not by itself a ground for recusal.
Extracted reasoning
A judge’s previous involvement in a federal proceeding does not establish bias under Art. 34(2) LTF.