Key legal question
Whether the defendant's confrontation rights were violated by relying on the main witness Z.________ without a direct confrontation hearing
Extracted holding
Yes. The witness's prior statements could not be used against the defendant because no adequate direct confrontation occurred and no special circumstances justified dispensing with it.
Extracted reasoning
Art. 6 ECHR requires at least one proper opportunity to question an incriminating witness. No victim-protection or similar exceptional grounds existed, and the witness had not been shown to be unfindable after reasonable efforts, since compulsory production was not pursued.