Key legal question
Whether concealing side income from social assistance constituted fraud without a special guarantor duty.
Extracted holding
Yes. The defendant actively misled the social welfare authority by false statements and by withholding income on inquiry; no special guarantor position was needed.
Extracted reasoning
Fraud can be committed by active deception through conclusive conduct. Repeated failure to disclose earnings after acknowledgment of the duty to report, combined with confirmations that all income had been reported, amounted to active deception.