Key legal question
Whether the invoicing of fictitious surgical assistance constituted false documents under Art. 251 CP
Extracted holding
Yes. The invoices, and in any event the false billing based on them, had increased probative value and amounted to false intellectual documents used to obtain an unlawful advantage.
Extracted reasoning
Medical invoices sent to insurers benefit from a particular trust position and limited verification. The fictitious surgical-assistance entries were knowingly used to bill nonexistent services.