Lewis v. State

Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 730

ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION II
No. CR-14-222

Opinion Delivered December 17, 2014

AKEEM ALLAJOWUAN LEWIS APPEAL FROM THE
APPELLANT INDEPENDENCE COUNTY
CIRCUIT COURT
V. [NO. CR-13-139]

HONORABLE JOHN DAN KEMP,
STATE OF ARKANSAS JUDGE
APPELLEE
AFFIRMED

KENNETH S. HIXSON, Judge

After a jury trial in Independence County Circuit Court, appellant Akeem Allajowuan

Lewis was convicted of two counts of second-degree murder in the shooting deaths of John

L. Weeams and Omar Scales. Appellant was sentenced to consecutive eight- and twenty-year

prison terms, respectively. On appeal, appellant argues (1) that the State failed to negate his

justification defense, and (2) that the trial court abused its discretion in running his sentences

consecutively instead of concurrently. We affirm.

Appellant’s criminal charges were the result of a shootout between John L. Weeams

and appellant. The shootout happened at a night-time gathering on July 6, 2013, at Bennie

Dodd’s residence located at 295 Dry Run Circle in Batesville, Arkansas. Appellant concedes

on appeal that he shot both victims, although shooting Omar Scales was accidental because

Scales was an innocent bystander. Appellant’s first argument is that he raised the defense of
Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 730

justification and that the State failed to carry its burden to disprove that defense beyond a

reasonable doubt. We disagree with his argument.

Justification becomes a defense when any evidence tending to support its existence

is offered, and once raised, it becomes an element that must be disproved by the State

beyond a reasonable doubt. Green v. State, 2011 Ark. App. 700. Whether one is justified

is largely a matter of the defendant’s intent and is generally a fact question for the jury. Id.

A defendant’s intent is ordinarily not subject to proof by direct evidence but must usually be

established by circumstantial evidence. Id. Critical to this inquiry is the reasonableness of

the accused’s apprehension that he was in danger of death or of suffering great bodily harm.

Id. Also critical is whether the accused used all reasonable means within his power and

consistent with his personal safety to avoid the use of deadly force. Id; see also Ark. Code

Ann. § 5-2-607 (Repl. 2006).

As requested by defense counsel, the jury was instructed on the justification defense

as to the murder of Weeams1 based on Arkansas Model Jury Instruction–Criminal 705:

Akeem Lewis asserts as a defense to the charge of second degree murder that deadly
physical force was necessary to defend himself. This is a defense only if; First, Akeem
Lewis reasonably believed that John Weeams was committing or was using or about
to use unlawful deadly physical force; And second, Akeem Lewis only used such force
as he reasonably believed to be necessary.

A person is not justified in using deadly physical force if he knows that the use of
deadly physical force can be avoided with complete safety by retreating. However, he
is not required to retreat if he was not the original aggressor.

1
Defense counsel did not request a justification defense instruction with regard to the
murder of Scales. The jury was, consequently, not asked to consider justification as to that
count of second-degree murder.

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Akeem Lewis is asserting this defense and is required only to raise a reasonable doubt
in your minds. . . . Reasonably believes or reasonable belief means the belief that an
ordinary, prudent man would form under the circumstances in question and one not
recklessly or negligently formed.

When reviewing the sufficiency of the State’s negation of a justification defense, the

appellate court employs a substantial-evidence standard of review. Jones v. State, 2011 Ark.

App. 92. Substantial evidence is evidence that is forceful enough to compel a conclusion

beyond suspicion and conjecture. Id. We view the evidence in the light most favorable to

the State and consider only the evidence that supports the verdict. Id. We will not reverse

the jury’s decision in rejecting a justification defense unless the verdict required speculation

and conjecture. Moody v. State, 2014 Ark. App. 538. The jury, not our court on appeal,

weighs the evidence and judges credibility of witnesses. Id. The fact-finder is not required

to set aside common sense and need not view each fact in isolation, but rather considers the

evidence as a whole. Williams v. State, 96 Ark. App. 277, 241 S.W.3d 290 (2006). Flight is

probative evidence of guilt. Gillard v. State, 366 Ark. 217, 234 S.W.3d 310 (2006).

Testimony at the jury trial revealed the following. There was a party at Mr. Dodd’s

residence that night. Weeams and appellant were both outside, on or near Dodd’s porch,

shortly before the shooting started. The men exchanged words; it was interpreted as “a verbal

altercation” between the two.2 Moments later, the men started shooting at one another.

Weeams fired his .38 revolver several times in appellant’s direction, and appellant fired his

9mm semiautomatic weapon several times in Weeams’s direction. Appellant then fled on

2
Appellant allegedly said to Weeams just prior to the shootout, “I’m about what I’m
talking about.”

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foot. Weeams was struck by one bullet in the upper left chest; that bullet exited his back

slightly lower and toward the right side. Weeams bled to death at Dodd’s house.

Scales was nearby but not involved in this gunfight; he was struck in his torso near his

pelvis. Although conscious at the scene, Scales was transported by ambulance to the local

hospital, where he died. A 9mm bullet was removed from Scales’s body at autopsy.

The jury had to decide, among other things, who drew his weapon and began firing

first and whether appellant was justified in acting as he did. Datra Strickland testified that she

and Weeams were living together at the time of his death, and she was with him at the

gathering at Dodd’s house. She said that although she had been drinking at the gathering, she

was clear on the circumstances of the shootout. She said that she and Weeams were on

Dodd’s porch, about five feet away from appellant, when appellant made a comment to

Weeams, pulled a gun from his pants, and started shooting. Strickland testified that Weeams

fired many shots in return but that appellant’s gun fired a lot faster than Weeams’s gun. She

saw appellant run away. When it was over, she and Weeams went inside Dodd’s house and

sat on Dodd’s couch. Very soon she observed blood coming out of Weeams’s mouth.

Strickland called 911, but Weeams died on the scene.

Sergeant Shawn Stephens testified that in responding to the call just after 8:00 p.m.,

and in speaking with Strickland, she described appellant as a lighter-skinned, tall, thin African-

American man in his twenties. According to Stephens, Strickland told him that she did not

know what happened.

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Another person at Dodd’s house that night was Robert Tosh Smith (a/k/a “Jukie”).

Smith was interviewed by law enforcement officers three days after the shooting. In that

recorded interview, Smith told officers that appellant was the first to pull his 9mm gun out

and start shooting at Weeams. Smith described appellant firing his gun, running backward

off the porch, and continuing to fire as he ran toward the street. Smith provided a

handwritten statement the same day, reflecting this same course of events. Smith testified,

however, that he later “made a correction” by telling law enforcement that Weeams was the

first to pull his .38 revolver. Smith agreed that the recorded interview with officers was his

“best recollection at that particular time,” but stated that he was pretty traumatized by the

shooting. On the stand, Smith testified that he saw Weeams pull his gun first, but “I mean

it seemed like it was at the same time.” Appellant did not testify at trial.

Appellant argues that because these were the only two witnesses to the actual shooting,

and because Strickland was not credible and Smith’s testimony at trial was that Weeams was

the aggressor, the State failed to disprove the justification defense beyond a reasonable doubt.

We disagree.

The jury is free to accept or reject any part of a witness’s testimony, and credibility and

the weight to give any evidence are issues left solely to the jury. Moody v. State, supra. The

jury decides whether the circumstantial evidence excludes every hypothesis consistent with

innocence, and it turns largely on what the jury concluded regarding appellant’s intent. Id.

Because there was evidence from which the jury could find appellant not to be justified in his

use of deadly force in this instance, we affirm on this point.

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Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 730

Appellant’s other argument on appeal is that the trial court abused its discretion in

ordering that the eight- and twenty-year prison sentences run consecutively instead of

concurrently. The State contends that this issue is not preserved for appellate review, and

alternatively, that appellant fails to demonstrate an abuse of discretion. We reach the merits

of the argument and affirm.

Prior to the pronouncement of sentence, appellant’s attorney requested that the trial

court exercise its discretion and be merciful by running the sentences concurrently. The

prosecutor asked that they run consecutively. The trial court ruled as follows:

[H]aving heard all the evidence in this case and also the argument presented as to
whether the sentences should run concurrent or consecutive, the Court will exercise
its discretion and order that the sentences run consecutively for a total of twenty-eight
years to serve in the Arkansas Department of Correction.

This issue was preserved for our review.

To the merits, when multiple sentences of imprisonment are imposed on a defendant

convicted of more than one offense, the sentences shall run concurrently unless, upon

recommendation of the jury or the trial court’s own motion, the court orders the sentences

to run consecutively. Ark. Code Ann. § 5-4-403(a) (Repl. 2006). The question of whether

sentences should run consecutively or concurrently lies solely within the province of the

trial court. Throneberry v. State, 2009 Ark. 507, 342 S.W.3d 269. The exercise of that

discretion will not be altered on appeal unless it is clearly shown to have been abused. Steele

v. State, 2014 Ark. App. 257, 434 S.W.3d 424. The appellant assumes a heavy burden of

demonstrating that the trial judge failed to give due consideration to the exercise of his

discretion in the matter of consecutive sentences. Id; see also Bunch v. State, 344 Ark. 730, 43

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S.W.3d 132 (2001); Turner v. State, 2012 Ark. App. 150, 391 S.W.3d 358. The circuit court

must actually exercise discretion in sentencing. Throneberry v. State, supra.

Here, the jury heard testimony from some members of the victims’ families that,

although pained by their losses, they had forgiven appellant for killing their loved ones.

Appellant took the stand and asked for mercy. The jury was not asked to, and thus did not,

make a recommendation as to concurrent or consecutive sentencing.

Appellant was exposed to six-to-thirty years, up to a $15,000 fine, or both on each

count of second-degree murder. The jury sentenced appellant to eight years for the second-

degree murder of Weeams and to twenty years for the second-degree murder of Scales. The

trial judge sentenced appellant to consecutive sentences totaling twenty-eight years rather than

concurrent sentences totaling twenty years. Appellant’s sentence is well within the statutory

sentencing range, even for a single count of second-degree murder. The judge’s commentary

demonstrates that he exercised his discretion in ordering consecutive sentences, and appellant

has failed to demonstrate an abuse of that discretion. Thus, we affirm on appellant’s second

point on appeal.

Affirmed.

GLADWIN, C.J., and WHITEAKER, J., agree.

Morris Law Firm, P.A., by: Jimmy C. Morris, Jr., for appellant.

Dustin McDaniel, Att’y Gen., by: Jake H. Jones, Ass’t Att’y Gen., for appellee.

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