Laura Fleming v. COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY Appeal from the U.S. District Court, District of…

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U.S. C OURT OF A PPEALS FOR THE THIRD C IRCUIT
No. 25-1923
L AURA F LEMING,
Appellant
v.
C OMMISSIONER OF S OCIAL S ECURITY
_____________________________
Appeal from the U.S. District Court, District of New Jersey
Magistrate Judge Norah M. King, No. 2:23-cv-00068
Before: BIBAS, P ORTER , and B OVE , Circuit Judges
Submitted Jan. 29, 2026; Decided Feb. 19, 2026
_____________________________
NONPRECEDENTIAL O PINION*
B OVE , Circuit Judge. Plaintiff Laura Fleming appeals a Magistrate Judge’s order
affirming the denial of her claim for disability benefits. Plaintiff’s singular focus is an
Administrative Law Judge’s residual functional capacity assessment. Because the
assessment was supported by substantial evidence, we will affirm.
I.
We assume the parties’ familiarity with the underlying facts, procedural history, and
issues on appeal.
Plaintiff applied for disability benefits in 2018. The Social Security Administration
* This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and, under I.O.P. 5.7, is not binding
precedent.

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denied the application. Upon further review, an Administrative Law Judge reached the
same conclusion and found—as relevant here—that Plaintiff had the residual functional
capacity to perform light work with certain exceptions. The Appeals Council denied
review.
Plaintiff timely challenged the Administrative Law Judge’s decision in the District
of New Jersey. She consented to resolution of the challenge by a Magistrate Judge. See
28 U.S.C. § 636(c). The Magistrate Judge affirmed. See Laura F. v. Dudek, 2025 WL
1111311, at *15 (D.N.J. 2025).1 Plaintiff timely appealed.
II.
The Magistrate Judge had jurisdiction pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). We have
jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291.
An Administrative Law Judge’s residual functional capacity assessment is subject
to deferential “substantial evidence” review. Chandler v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 667 F.3d
356, 359 (3d Cir. 2011); see also Zaborowski v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 115 F.4th 637, 639
(3d Cir. 2024).
III.
Plaintiff argues that the Administrative Law Judge’s residual functional capacity
assessment was unfounded. Not so.
1 Unless otherwise indicated, case quotations omit all internal citations, quotation marks,
footnotes, alterations, and subsequent history.

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Residual functional capacity is the most that a claimant can do despite her
limitations. See 20 C.F.R. § 416.945(a)(1). The Administrative Law Judge, “not treating
or examining physicians or State agency consultants,” “must make” that assessment.
Chandler, 667 F.3d at 361; see also 20 C.F.R. § 416.946(c). “[T]he ALJ is not precluded
from reaching RFC determinations without outside medical expert review of each fact
incorporated into the decision.” Chandler, 667 F.3d at 362.
The residual functional capacity determination was supported by substantial
evidence. After reviewing all of Plaintiff’s medical records, as well as opinions from state
medical consultants and Plaintiff’s treating physician, the Administrative Law Judge
concluded that Plaintiff’s limitations and subjective complaints were adequately
accommodated by a residual functional capacity of light work with certain exceptions. The
Administrative Law Judge rejected the opinion evidence to the extent it was inconsistent
with Plaintiff’s medical records, which demonstrated that Plaintiff’s treatment had been
sparse. These records also indicated that, by October 2021, Plaintiff was “volunteer[ing]
at her friend’s pet shop” and “learning to groom dogs.” AR 59.
Plaintiff contends that the Administrative Law Judge failed to “fully develop the
record” with respect to her mental health limitations. Br. 21. We disagree. The record
disclosed that a doctor had noted that Plaintiff’s symptoms were “mild” in 2020. AR 475.
Medical records before the Administrative Law Judge also showed that at several points
during the relevant period a doctor observed that Plaintiff was “cognitively intact, calm,
cooperative, and pleasant” and that she had reported improvement in response to
medications. See, e.g., AR 474, 476, 478. The ALJ’s conclusion that Plaintiff’s mental

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health impairments were “at most moderate in nature” was amply supported by this
evidence. AR 60. The alleged failure to seek out even more support, particularly in light
of Plaintiff’s unexplained non-appearance for a psychiatric consultative examination, is not
a basis for relief from this Court.
On the whole, the Administrative Law Judge relied on “such relevant evidence as a
reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.” Biestek v. Berryhill,
587 U.S. 97, 103 (2019). So we will affirm.

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