Yong Chul Son v. City of Philadelphia, Pa

CLD-118 NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
___________
No. 25-2661
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YONG CHUL SON,
Appellant
v.
CITY OF PHILADELPHIA, PA; SEPTA TRANSPORTATION, PA;
GARY BROWNSTEIN, ESQ.; COURT OF COMMON PLEAS
OF MONTGOMERY COUNTY, PA
____________________________________
On Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
(D.C. No. 2:24-cv-04925)
District Judge: Honorable Mitchell S. Goldberg
____________________________________
Submitted for Possible Summary Action
Pursuant to Third Circuit LAR 27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6
April 23, 2026
Before: BIBAS, PHIPPS, and NYGAARD, Circuit Judges
(Opinion filed: May 18, 2026)
_________
OPINION*
_________
PER CURIAM
* This disposition is not an opinion of the full Court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not
constitute binding precedent.

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Yong Chul Son appeals pro se from the District Court’s order denying his
untimely motion for summary judgment. We will affirm.
This matter stems from the death of Son’s mother in a 1987 bus accident in
Philadelphia. Son retained an attorney to file a wrongful death and survival action, but
counsel failed to timely prosecute the case. Son then hired Gary Brownstein, Esquire, in
1991 to file a malpractice complaint against his first attorney, whose lack of professional
liability insurance significantly curtailed the recoverable award. Nonetheless, the parties
negotiated a $50,000 settlement, which the Court of Common Pleas of Montgomery
County approved in 2003. See Son v. Bernard, Civ. No. 1991-02009, Dkt. #49 (C.C.P.
Montgomery Cnty.) (Mar. 7, 2003 order).
Son later grew dissatisfied with the settlement amount and came to believe that he
was misled about how much the case was worth. He filed five nearly identical lawsuits
in a variety of courts over the past decade against Attorney Brownstein, the City of
Philadelphia, SEPTA, and the Common Pleas Court (“Defendants” or “Appellees”). The
first four actions were dismissed in summary fashion as filed beyond the statute of
limitations, for lack of jurisdiction or improper venue, on immunity grounds, or under the
doctrine of res judicata.1 Son commenced his latest lawsuit in September 2024 by filing
a complaint in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania.
The District Court dismissed Son’s initial pleadings for want of jurisdiction but gave him
1 See, e.g., Son v. City of Phila., Civ. No. 2:16-cv-04011 (E.D. Pa.); Son v. City of Phila.,
Civ. No. 2:17-cv-01641 (D.N.J.); Son v. City of Phila., Civ. No. 1:23-cv-09541
(S.D.N.Y.); Son v. Phila. Mayor’s Office, Civ. No. 2016-21973 (C.C.P. Montgomery
Cnty.).

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an opportunity to amend to cure the deficiency. Defendants moved to dismiss Son’s
amended complaint, and the District Court ordered him to respond. He did not.
Consequently, on February 13, 2025, the court granted the motions as uncontested and
dismissed the case with prejudice. Son did not appeal. Almost five months later, he
moved for summary judgment. The District Court denied his motions as untimely and
procedurally improper. Son now appeals from that order. SEPTA, for its part, has
moved for summary affirmance and for an award of damages and costs.
We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. See Ohntrup v. Firearms Ctr., Inc.,
802 F.2d 676, 678 (3d Cir. 1986) (per curiam) (noting that “[m]ost post-judgment orders
are final decisions within the ambit of [Section] 1291 as long as the district court has
completely disposed of the matter”) (citation omitted). We consider only the District
Court’s order denying summary judgment,2 and we review its denial on timeliness
grounds for abuse of discretion. Cf. Drippe v. Tobelinski, 604 F.3d 778, 783 (3d Cir.
2010); see id. at 784-85 (“Rule 6(b) and Lujan [v. National Wildlife Federation, 497 U.S.
871 (1990),] require motions, untimely under the Rules, to be filed in accordance with the
requirements of Rule 6(b)(1)(B). Thus a party must make a formal motion for extension
of time and the district court must make a finding of excusable neglect, under the Pioneer
2 Son’s notice of appeal identifies that decision as the order he is seeking to appeal. But
even if he had intended to challenge the District Court’s dismissal orders, his notice of
appeal is timely only as to the order denying summary judgment, and the court’s post-
judgment order does not bring up any of its prior orders for review. See Fed. R. App. P.
4(a)(1)(A); cf. Browder v. Dir., Dep’t of Corr. of Ill., 434 U.S. 257, 263 n.7 (1978)
(“[A]n appeal from [the] denial of Rule 60(b) relief does not bring up the underlying
judgment for review.”).

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factors, before permitting an untimely motion.”) (citing Pioneer Inv. Servs. Co. v.
Brunswick Assocs., 507 U.S. 380, 395 (1993)). Summary affirmance is warranted if the
appeal fails to present a substantial question. See Murray v. Bledsoe, 650 F.3d 246, 247
(3d Cir. 2011) (per curiam).
The District Court did not abuse its discretion when it denied the untimely motions
for summary judgment Son filed five months after his case was dismissed with prejudice.
Son did not appeal or otherwise seek reconsideration of the dismissal order, and he
proffered no good reason to excuse his neglect and reopen the judgment under Federal
Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b)(1). See Nara v. Frank, 488 F.3d 187, 193-94 (3d Cir.
2007) (discussing standard). His appeal does not present a substantial question.
To the extent that SEPTA requests relief under Rule 38, its motion is denied
because that rule does not support the imposition of damages and costs under the
circumstances. Rule 38 provides that, “[i]f a court of appeals determines that an appeal is
frivolous, it may, after a separately filed motion or notice from the court and reasonable
opportunity to respond, award just damages and single or double costs to the appellee.”
Fed. R. App. P. 38. Damages are awarded under Rule 38 based upon the merits of the
appeal regardless whether an appellant has acted “out of malice, ignorance, or deceit.”
Beam v. Bauer, 383 F.3d 106, 108 (3d Cir. 2004). We are summarily affirming, and we
have not, and do not, certify that Son filed a frivolous appeal. Cf. Ball v. Famiglio, 726
F.3d 448, 461-62 (3d Cir. 2013) (distinguishing dismissal as frivolous under the PLRA
from other types of dismissals), abrogated on other grounds by Coleman v. Tollefson,

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575 U.S. 532 (2015). That said, we warn Son that we may award damages and costs to
Appellees if he files a frivolous appeal predicated on the same cause of action.
Accordingly, although we deny SEPTA’s motion for damages and costs, we grant
its motion for summary affirmance and we will affirm the judgment of the District Court.

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