United States of America v. Sandra Riggleman

UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
No. 20-4495
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff - Appellee,
v.
SANDRA RIGGLEMAN,
Defendant - Appellant.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of West Virginia, at
Clarksburg. Thomas S. Kleeh, District Judge. (1:18-cr-00055-TSK-MJA-4)
Submitted: April 29, 2021 Decided: June 2, 2021
Before WYNN and RUSHING, Circuit Judges, and TRAXLER, Senior Circuit Judge.
Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
Charles T. Berry, Kingmont, West Virginia, for Appellant. Zelda Elizabeth Wesley,
Assistant United States Attorney, OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES ATTORNEY,
Clarksburg, West Virginia, for Appellee.
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.

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PER CURIAM:
Sandra Riggleman appeals from her conviction and 33-month sentence entered
pursuant to her guilty plea to aiding and abetting the distribution of crack cocaine. On
appeal, counsel filed a brief pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967), finding
no meritorious grounds for appeal but questioning whether Riggleman’s plea was
voluntary, whether her sentence was improperly harsher than her codefendant’s, and
whether Riggleman received ineffective assistance of counsel. Riggleman was notified of
her right to file a pro se supplemental brief, but she did not do so. The Government declined
to file a responsive brief. After an examination of the record in accordance with Anders,
we affirm.
Riggleman first argues that her guilty plea is not valid. Riggleman did not move in
the district court to withdraw her guilty plea. Accordingly, the acceptance of her guilty
plea is reviewed for plain error only. United States v. Williams, 811 F.3d 621, 622 (4th
Cir. 2016). To establish plain error, Riggleman must establish that “(1) an error was made;
(2) the error is plain; (3) the error affects substantial rights; and (4) the error seriously
affects the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of judicial proceedings.” United States v.
Harris, 890 F.3d 480, 491 (4th Cir. 2018) (internal quotation marks omitted). In the guilty
plea context, a defendant meets her burden to establish that a plain error affected her
substantial rights by showing a reasonable probability that she would not have pled guilty
but for the district court’s Rule 11 omissions. United States v. Sanya, 774 F.3d 812, 815-16
(4th Cir. 2014).

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Prior to accepting a guilty plea, the district court, through a colloquy with the
defendant, must inform the defendant of, and determine that the defendant understands, the
charge to which the plea is offered, any mandatory minimum penalty, the maximum
possible penalty she faces upon conviction, and the various rights she is relinquishing by
pleading guilty. Fed. R. Crim. P. 11(b). The district court also must ensure that the
defendant’s plea was voluntary, was supported by a sufficient factual basis, and did not
result from force or threats, or promises not contained in the plea agreement. Fed. R. Crim.
P. 11(b)(2), (3). In reviewing the adequacy of compliance with Rule 11, this court
“accord[s] deference to the trial court’s decision as to how best to conduct the mandated
colloquy with the defendant.” United States v. Moussaoui, 591 F.3d 263, 295 (4th Cir.
2010) (internal quotation marks omitted). Riggleman does not provide any specific reason
why her plea was invalid, and we have reviewed the Rule 11 colloquy and discern no plain
error with regard to Riggleman’s conviction.
Next, Riggleman contends that the sentencing disparity between her sentence and
her codefendant’s sentence rendered her sentence unreasonable. Such disparities are
generally not considered valid grounds for departure absent proof of prosecutorial
misconduct. United States v. Quinn, 359 F.3d 666, 682 (4th Cir. 2004). However, in an
exercise of its discretion, the district court gave an individualized assessment of the conduct
of both codefendants. The district court entertained Riggleman’s argument concerning the
possible disparity between codefendants and specifically rejected the argument on the
merits, noting that the codefendants had contrasting behaviors on bond. We find that the
district court demonstrated reasoned decision-making sufficient to support the district

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court’s sentence, and we find no abuse of discretion. See United States v. Carter, 564 F.3d
325, 328 (4th Cir. 2009) (standard of review).
Finally, Riggleman asserts that her attorney was ineffective for failing to obtain a
more favorable plea agreement that would provide for a non-incarceration sentence.
However, we do not consider ineffective assistance claims on direct appeal “[u]nless an
attorney’s ineffectiveness conclusively appears on the face of the record.” United States v.
Faulls, 821 F.3d 502, 507 (4th Cir. 2016). To succeed on an ineffective assistance of
counsel claim, a “defendant must show that counsel’s performance was [constitutionally]
deficient” and “that the deficient performance prejudiced the defense.” Strickland v.
Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687 (1984); see Lee v. United States, 137 S. Ct. 1958, 1965
(2017) (discussing prejudice in context of guilty plea).
Here, there is nothing in the record to support the contention that the Government
would have agreed to a more beneficial plea agreement. Moreover, Riggleman confirmed
at her plea hearing that she had discussed her case and plea agreement with her attorney
and that she was satisfied with her attorney’s representation. Because the present record
does not conclusively show that counsel was ineffective, Riggleman’s ineffective
assistance of counsel claim is not cognizable on direct appeal.
In accordance with Anders, we have reviewed the record in this case and have found
no meritorious grounds for appeal. We therefore affirm the judgment of the district court.
This court requires that counsel inform Riggleman, in writing, of the right to petition the
Supreme Court of the United States for further review. If Riggleman requests that a petition
be filed, but counsel believes that such a petition would be frivolous, then counsel may

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move in this court for leave to withdraw from representation. Counsel’s motion must state
that a copy thereof was served on Riggleman. We dispense with oral argument because
the facts and legal contentions are adequately presented in the materials before this court
and argument would not aid the decisional process.
AFFIRMED

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