United States of America v. Kwasi Oppong

NOT RECOMMENDED FOR PUBLICATION
File Name: 20a0671n.06
No. 20-3132
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v.
KWASI OPPONG,
Defendant-Appellant.
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ON APPEAL FROM THE
UNITED STATES DISTRICT
COURT FOR THE
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF
OHIO
BEFORE: SILER, CLAY, and GRIFFIN, Circuit Judges
GRIFFIN, Circuit Judge.
Defendant Kwasi Oppong pleaded guilty to conspiracy to commit money laundering with
the benefit of a plea agreement. After accepting Oppong’s guilty plea, the district court imposed
an eighteen-month term of imprisonment to be followed by three years’ supervised release.
Defendant now appeals his conviction on grounds that his trial counsel rendered ineffective
assistance during pre-plea proceedings by failing to request an interpreter, failing to spend
adequate time meeting with him to discuss his case, and for allegedly promising that he would
receive probation if he pleaded guilty.
However, this court has “adopted a general rule that a defendant may not raise ineffective
assistance of counsel claims for the first time on direct appeal.” United States v. Ferguson, 669
F.3d 756, 762 (6th Cir. 2012) (citation, internal quotation marks, and alterations omitted). This is
because “[w]hen an ineffective-assistance claim is brought on direct appeal, appellate counsel and

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No. 20-3132, United States v. Oppong
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the court must proceed on a trial record not developed precisely for the object of litigating or
preserving the claim and thus often incomplete or inadequate for this purpose.” Massaro v. United
States, 538 U.S. 500, 504-05 (2003). Accordingly, the “preferable route for raising an ineffective
assistance of counsel claim is in a post-conviction proceeding under 28 U.S.C. § 2255, whereby
the parties can develop an adequate record.” United States v. Sullivan, 431 F.3d 976, 986 (6th Cir.
2005) (internal citation and quotation marks omitted).
“This case does not present one of the rare instances in which a defendant can establish
ineffective assistance of counsel based on the record on direct appeal.” United States v. Yisrael,
355 F. App’x 933, 934 (6th Cir. 2009). As the record presently stands, Oppong has no evidentiary
support for his claims regarding his counsel’s pre-plea performance. Accordingly, we decline to
review defendant’s undeveloped ineffective assistance claims and affirm the judgment of the
district court.

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