Bryon K. Winkelman v. ANDREW M. SAUL, Commissioner of Social Security

United States Court of Appeals
For the Seventh Circuit
Chicago, Illinois 60604
Argued November 18, 2020
Decided February 10, 2021
Before
DIANE S. SYKES, Chief Judge
MICHAEL S. KANNE, Circuit Judge
DIANE P. WOOD, Circuit Judge
No. 20-1507
BRYON K. WINKELMAN,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
ANDREW M. SAUL,
Commissioner of Social Security,
Defendant-Appellee.
Appeal from the United States District
Court for the Northern District of
Indiana, South Bend Division.
3:18-CV-933-DRL
Damon R. Leichty,
Judge.
ORDER
Bryon Winkelman applied for disability benefits, asserting primarily that back,
neck, and hip problems, plus pain in his left shoulder, left him disabled. An
administrative law judge rejected his claim of disability. As relevant here, the ALJ
reasoned that despite his left shoulder pain, Winkelman could still use his left arm to
perform some light work. Winkelman argues on appeal that the ALJ failed properly to
evaluate a non-treating physician’s opinion about restrictions to his left arm. We
NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION
To be cited only in accordance with Fed. R. App. P. 32.1

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conclude, however, that substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s decision to discount
that doctor’s opinion, and so we affirm.
I
This appeal turns on whether adequate evidence and reasoning supports the
ALJ’s decision that Winkelman, who is left-handed, has enough mobility in his left arm
to work. Winkelman contends that he became disabled in 2013, when chronic back,
neck, and hip pain, as well as pain in his left shoulder, rendered him disabled.
Although Winkelman’s other ailments were the focus of his benefits application and
evidence, only his shoulder restrictions are relevant to his appeal, and so we limit our
discussion accordingly.
Winkelman’s shoulder pain started in 2007. He injured his left shoulder while
lifting weights, and thereafter experienced “mild, intermittent” pain. His shoulder pain
worsened in 2013, prompting him to seek treatment. An orthopedist diagnosed a torn
rotator cuff and cartilage and suggested an arthroscopic procedure to repair the injury.
Prioritizing his other health conditions, Winkelman declined the surgery. He received
no other treatment for his shoulder, although he complained to a physician in 2014 that
his shoulder pain persisted. Examining Winkelman after this complaint, the doctor
observed that he had a full range of motion in his left shoulder. Two other doctors later
examined Winkelman, and they confirmed the assessment that he had full-range
mobility there.
To assess Winkelman’s disability claim, the ALJ received additional evidence.
First, the ALJ held a hearing. Winkelman testified that his left shoulder “cracks and
pops a lot” when he moves it. He admitted that he can reach in front of his body with
both arms and testified that pain occurs if he reaches with his left arm over his head or
to his side for “too long.” A vocational expert also testified. The expert opined that for a
person with the limitations that the ALJ proposed to deal with Winkelman’s back, neck,
hip, and shoulder pain, including no “overhead reaching on the left,” the national
economy had a significant number of jobs. After the hearing the ALJ sent
interrogatories to a consulting doctor, Dr. Susanne Patrick-MacKinnon. After reviewing
Winkelman’s medical records, Dr. Patrick-MacKinnon checked boxes indicating that
Winkelman should be limited to only “occasional” reaching with his left hand, both
“overhead” and in “all other” directions. Below the checked boxes she wrote “history of
left rotator cuff tear.”
After reviewing all the evidence, the ALJ applied the familiar five-step analysis,
see 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520, and found that Winkelman was not disabled. Discussing
aspects of the evidence not disputed here, she found that Winkelman had severe

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impairments to his back, neck, and hip from degenerative disc disease, residual pain
from spinal surgery, osteoarthritis to the left shoulder, and inner-ear dysfunction.
Although he could not perform his past jobs because of these impairments, he had the
residual capacity to perform light work with some restrictions. One restriction applied
to the left arm. The ALJ adopted Dr. Patrick-MacKinnon’s recommendation that
Winkelman be restricted to reaching “overhead” only “occasionally.” (When discussing
the doctor’s opinion, the ALJ wrote “lifting,” but the parties agree that she meant
“reaching.”) The ALJ accorded this opinion “great weight to the extent that it [was]
consistent with the residual functional capacity for the reasons set forth above.” In
reciting this opinion, the ALJ added that “overhead reaching” with Winkelman’s left
arm is movement that “he admits he is able to do.” The ALJ did not find a limitation on
reaching in directions other than overhead. Relying on the testimony of the vocational
expert about significant, available jobs, the ALJ then ruled that Winkelman is not
disabled. The Appeals Council and the district court did not disturb this decision.
II
On appeal, Winkelman challenges the ALJ’s finding about his left-arm
limitations. He contends that the ALJ failed to evaluate properly the opinion of
Dr. Patrick-MacKinnon that, because of his old injury, Winkelman should be limited to
occasional reaching with his left arm in all directions. He believes that the ALJ did not
adequately explain her conclusion that Winkelman’s only left-arm restriction was
occasional overhead reaching.
We look to the record to resolve this challenge. The relevant principles are
familiar. This court will affirm a decision on disability benefits if the ALJ applied the
correct legal standards and her conclusion is supported by substantial evidence. See 42
U.S.C. § 405(g); Biestek v. Berryhill, 139 S. Ct. 1148, 1152 (2019). Substantial evidence is
“such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a
conclusion.” Biestek, 139 S. Ct. at 1154 (internal citations omitted). An ALJ must consider
all medical opinions in the record, see 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(b), but she need not address
in writing every shred of evidence. Roddy v. Astrue, 705 F.3d 631, 636 (7th Cir. 2013). The
ALJ need only furnish an “accurate and logical bridge” between the evidence and the
conclusion. Id.
The ALJ in this case adhered to these principles and adequately explained her
findings about Winkelman’s left arm. She explained that she assigned “great weight” to
Dr. Patrick-MacKinnon’s view that Winkelman occasionally can reach overhead with
his left arm. She added that Winkelman himself admitted that overhead reaching is

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activity “he is able to do.” This explanation sufficed to support the ALJ’s finding that
Winkelman’s only left-arm limitation was occasional overhead reaching.
Winkelman responds that when the ALJ made this finding, she did not elaborate,
other than to say “for the reasons set forth above.” But the ALJ needed only to
“minimally articulate” her reasoning. See Filus v. Astrue, 694 F.3d 863, 869 (7th Cir.
2012). Earlier in the decision, she had previously recounted Winkelman’s testimony that
he has no trouble reaching in front with his left arm. And she recited the opinions of
three examining doctors that he has full range of motion in his left arm. This
explanation was adequate to support the ALJ’s conclusion that Winkelman could reach
with his left arm in directions other than overhead. See Winsted v. Berryhill, 923 F.3d 472,
478 (7th Cir. 2019).
Winkelman also argues that the ALJ’s treatment of Dr. Patrick-MacKinnon’s
opinion requires a remand for clarification. The ALJ approved it only “to the extent that
it is consistent with the residual functional capacity.” This court has criticized similar
boilerplate and required a remand if we have reason to think that the ALJ is forcing the
evidence into a foregone conclusion. See Filus, 694 F.3d at 868. But a remand is
unnecessary if an ALJ adequately supports her conclusion with evidence in the record,
see id., and we are confident that she would reach the same conclusion on remand. See
McKinzey v. Astrue, 641 F.3d 884, 892 (7th Cir. 2011).
This aspect of the decision does not require a remand. As the Commissioner
observes, Winkelman does not argue that the ALJ’s finding that his only left-arm
limitation is occasional overhead reaching is unsupported by substantial evidence.
Rather, he argues that Dr. Patrick-MacKinnon’s opinion supports a conclusion that his
left-arm reach is restricted in all directions, and the ALJ must specify why she rejected
that part of the opinion. He is incorrect. Other than a box that the doctor checked, no
evidence suggests that Winkelman’s left arm reach is restricted in all directions. Check-
box forms, unexplained, are generally weak evidence. See Larson v. Astrue, 615 F.3d 744,
751 (7th Cir. 2010). That is especially true here, where Dr. Patrick-MacKinnon was a
non-treating physician who never examined Winkelman. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c)(1).
Moreover, substantial evidence conflicts with this checked box. As already mentioned,
and as the ALJ noted, Winkelman admitted that he could reach in front, and three
examining physicians said he had full range of left-arm motion. Thus, because nothing
suggests that a remand would alter the outcome, no further clarification from the ALJ is
needed. See McKinzey, 641 F.3d at 892.
Finally, Winkelman contends that, if the ALJ relied on the three medical exams
showing that Winkelman had full range of motion in both arms, she erred because they

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do not specify how often he has this range. But Winkelman did not argue this defect to
the district court, and so he has waived this argument. See Jeske v. Saul, 955 F.3d 583, 597
(7th Cir. 2020). In any event, Winkelman bore the burden of proving “how often” his
arms could not reach full range in all directions, but he failed to introduce such
evidence. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1512(a); Summers v. Berryhill, 864 F.3d 523, 527 (7th Cir.
2017). So this argument, even if not waived, is unsupported.
We therefore AFFIRM the judgment of the district court upholding the
Commissioner’s decision.

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