People of the State of Illinois v. Nicole R. Burnside

United States Court of Appeals
For the Seventh Circuit
Chicago, Illinois 60604
Submitted October 25, 2022 *
Decided October 28, 2022
Before
DIANE S. SYKES, Chief Judge
DIANE P. WOOD, Circuit Judge
MICHAEL B. BRENNAN, Circuit Judge
No. 22-1881
PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF ILLINOIS,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v.
NICOLE R. BURNSIDE,
Defendant-Appellant.
Appeal from the United States
District Court for the Central District
of Illinois.
No. 22-cv-1132
Joe Billy McDade,
Judge.
* Appellee was not served with process and is not participating in this appeal.
After examining the appellant’s brief and the record, we have concluded that the case is
appropriate for summary disposition. See FED. R. A PP. P. 34(a)(2).
NONPRECEDENTIAL DISPOSITION
To be cited only in accordance with FED. R. A PP. P. 32.1

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No. 22-1881 Page 2
O R D E R
Nicole Burnside appeals the district judge’s order remanding her criminal
prosecution to state court. The judge remanded the action after determining that she did
not have a statutory basis for removal. We affirm.
In early 2022, Burnside was indicted in state court on two counts of aggravated
unlawful use of a weapon. See 720 ILCS 5/24-1.6(a)(1) (2018). Burnside tried to remove
those criminal proceedings to federal court. In her notice of removal, she asserted her
rights under a panoply of constitutional amendments (the First, Fourth, Sixth, and
Fourteenth Amendments). She also argued that the state court lacked personal and
subject-matter jurisdiction over her case.
The district judge summarily remanded her case to state court. Noting that
Burnside had cited 28 U.S.C. § 1443 as the basis for removal, the judge ruled that her
removal petition did not meet the statutory requirements because it did not suggest that
she was being denied rights under laws safeguarding racial equality or that she could
not enforce her rights in state court.
On appeal, Burnside generally maintains that she stated adequate grounds for
removal. But she cannot establish a basis for removal under § 1443(1), the only
provision in the statute that would enable her to remove her criminal case. See City of
Greenwood v. Peacock, 384 U.S. 808, 815 (1966) (Section 1443(2) is available only to federal
officers and those assisting them.). Removal under § 1443(1) would require Burnside to
make two showings: (1) that the rights she seeks to protect arise under a law providing
“for specific civil rights stated in terms of racial equality,” and (2) that she is unable to
enforce those rights in state court. See Georgia v. Rachel, 384 U.S. 780, 792, 800 (1966).
Burnside cannot make either showing. First, she asserts rights arising under
constitutional provisions that are available to all citizens, and such generally applicable
laws do not support removal under § 1443(1). See id. at 792. As for the second
requirement, she does not point to any statute, constitutional provision, or their
equivalent that makes it clear her “federal equality rights” will be denied in Illinois state
court. See Fenton v. Dudley, 761 F.3d 770, 774 (7th Cir. 2014). We see no reason to doubt
that the state court is capable of vindicating her federal constitutional and statutory
rights. See Johnson v. Mississippi, 421 U.S. 213, 219–20 (1975).
For the first time, Burnside now argues that removal was necessary to protect her
Second Amendment rights because the state “converted” those rights “into a crime.”

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No. 22-1881 Page 3
However, not only did she waive this argument by raising it for the first time on appeal,
see Homoky v. Ogden, 816 F.3d 448, 455 (7th Cir. 2016); 28 U.S.C. § 1455(b)(2) (“[F]ailure
to state grounds that exist at the time of the filing of the notice shall constitute a waiver
of such grounds… .”), but the Second Amendment is a generally applicable law that
does not support removal under § 1443(1). See Rachel, 384 U.S. at 792.
Burnside also asserts, without elaboration, that the Illinois state courts lack
personal and subject-matter jurisdiction over her case. But she was indicted under an
Illinois state statute for a violation that occurred in Illinois, see 720 ILCS 5/24-1.6(a)(1),
and we see nothing to suggest that the Illinois state courts—which are courts of general
jurisdiction, see, e.g., E. Cent. Ill. Pipe Trades Health & Welfare Fund v. Prather Plumbing &
Heating Inc., 3 F.4th 954, 957 (7th Cir. 2021)—lack jurisdiction over her case. And if she
thinks that the Illinois state courts lack jurisdiction over her case, she must raise this
argument in the state court. To the extent she seeks to raise a sovereign-citizen
argument, it is frivolous. See, e.g., United States v. Benabe, 654 F.3d 753, 767 (7th Cir. 2011)
(collecting cases).
Finally, Burnside argues that she was entitled to an evidentiary hearing based on
her removal petition. But because it was clear from the face of the removal notice that
removal was not permitted, see 28 U.S.C. § 1455(b)(4) (requiring summary remand when
notice and any exhibits attached clearly show that removal is not permitted), the district
judge did not err in remanding the case without an evidentiary hearing.
We have considered the rest of Burnside’s arguments, and they are frivolous.
AFFIRMED

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