Rahsaan Freeman, an individual v. U.s. Bank National Association, d/b/a U.S. Bank

This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent*
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
RAHSAAN FREEMAN, an individual,
Plaintiff - Appellant,
v.
U.S. BANK NATIONAL
ASSOCIATION, d/b/a U.S. Bank,
Defendant - Appellee.
No. 12-35187
D.C. No. 2:10-cv-01544-RSM
MEMORANDUM*
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Western District of Washington
Ricardo S. Martinez, District Judge, Presiding
Argued and Submitted May 8, 2013
Seattle, Washington
Before: HAWKINS, THOMAS, and NGUYEN, Circuit Judges.
Plaintiff Rahsaan Freeman (“Freeman”) appeals the summary judgment grant
to defendant U.S. Bank National Association (“U.S. Bank” or “the bank”). A loan
officer who had been terminated by U.S. Bank ten years earlier for various code of
conduct/ethics violations, Freeman contends that when U.S. Bank extended a new
FILED
JUN 07 2013
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U .S. C OU R T OF APPE ALS

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In Washington, the elements of promissory estoppel are:1
(1) a promise which (2) the promisor should reasonably expect to cause
the promisee to change his position and (3) which does cause the
promisee to change his position (4) justifiably relying on the promise, in
such a manner that (5) injustice can be avoided only by enforcement of
the promise.
Havens v. C&D Plastics, Inc., 876 P.2d 435, 442 (Wash. 1994) (internal brackets
omitted) (quoting Klinke v. Famous Recipe Fried Chicken, Inc., 616 P.2d 644 (Wash.
1980)).
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offer of employment to him, he relied on U.S. Bank’s representation that it had
conducted due diligence and that his prior termination would not present a problem
going forward. Freeman also brings a claim for negligent misrepresentation for the1
same statement. We affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand for further
proceedings.
Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party, as
we must, Soremekun v. Thrifty Payless, Inc., 509 F.3d 978, 984 (9th Cir. 2007),
Freeman has raised a material issue of fact about the existence of a specific and
narrow promise by U.S. Bank that the bank had done its due diligence and that his
prior termination would not affect his new employment. See Corey v. Pierce Cnty,
225 P.3d 367, 376-77 (Wash. Ct. App. 2010).
The reasonableness of Freeman’s reliance on this representation is not
necessarily defeated because he received a written offer letter from U.S. Bank

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informing him that his employment would be at-will. See Flower v. T.R.A. Indus.,
Inc., 111 P.3d 1192, 1197, 1201 (Wash. Ct. App. 2005). Moreover, Freeman does not
claim he was offered indefinite employment with U.S. Bank, or even that he could
only be fired “for cause,” but that his past conduct would not present a problem going
forward. Under the circumstances of this case, a reasonable person could view the
“at-will” agreement as applying to all forward-looking conduct involving Freeman’s
new employment with U.S. Bank, and not necessarily inconsistent with the express
promise that Freeman’s past conduct would not again serve as a basis for his
termination.
Viewing the evidence in favor of Freeman, he has also established a material
question of fact for the jury as to whether he changed his position in reliance on the
bank’s promise by informing several banks with whom he had been discussing open
positions that he had accepted another offer and notifying clients of his change to U.S.
Bank. See Weitman v. Grange Ins. Ass’n., 370 P.2d 587, 589-90 (Wash. 1962)
(failure to seek other insurance sufficient reliance on promise to send notice of
policy’s expiration); cf. Havens, 876 P.2d at 447 (justifiable reliance ordinarily a

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The Washington cases relied on by U.S. Bank in its brief regarding foregoing2
job opportunities are inapposite because they deal with cases in which no express
promise had been made. See, e.g., Roberts v. Atl. Richfield Co., 568 P.2d 764, 769
(Wash. 1977).
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question of fact). There is also a material question whether justice requires the2
enforcement of the bank’s promise: Was Freeman forthcoming and truthful
throughout the interview process to the best of his recollection, as he contends, or did
he purposefully omit information about his prior termination to increase his odds of
being rehired? These are fact questions that are inappropriate for resolution on
summary judgment. We therefore reverse the district court’s grant of summary
judgment in favor of U.S. Bank on the promissory estoppel claim and remand for
further proceedings.
However, we affirm the district court’s grant of summary judgment on
Freeman’s negligent misrepresentation claim. Freeman claims the bank
misrepresented having conducted “due diligence” regarding his prior termination, but
does not offer any evidence that this statement is objectively false, as it is undisputed
that the bank did undertake some investigation into the termination but many records
had been destroyed due to the lapse in time. That the bank could have possibly done
more investigation does not necessarily mean it did not do enough, especially where
even Freeman himself did not remember the involvement of the one person who still

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maintained any record of the event. Further, as used in this context, the term “due
diligence” cannot be proven objectively false, as it necessarily involves an expression
of opinion that the bank believed it had sufficiently researched the prior termination.
See Elliott Bay Seafoods, Inc. v. Port of Seattle, 98 P.3d 491, 495-96 (Wash. Ct. App.
2004) (claim for negligent misrepresentation defective because cannot prove falsity
of statements when made).
AFFIRMED IN PART, REVERSED IN PART, AND REMANDED.
Each party to bear its own costs on appeal.

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