John Jeffery Cast v. Court Executive Officer of Sonoma County Superior Court

NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
JOHN JEFFERY CAST,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
COURT EXECUTIVE OFFICER OF
SONOMA COUNTY SUPERIOR
COURT,
Defendant-Appellee.
No. 18-15960
D.C. No. 3:16-cv-07334-RS
MEMORANDUM*
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Northern District of California
Richard Seeborg, District Judge, Presiding
Argued and Submitted December 3, 2019
San Francisco, California
Before: THOMAS, Chief Judge, and W. FLETCHER and MILLER, Circuit
Judges.
John Cast appeals the district court’s order dismissing Mr. Cast’s suit against
the Court Executive Officer (CEO) of the Superior Court of Sonoma County,
FILED
DEC 06 2019
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

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California. Because the parties are familiar with the facts, we need not recount
them here. We have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.
We review a district court’s order granting a motion to dismiss de novo. N.
Cty. Cmty. All., Inc. v. Salazar, 573 F.3d 738, 741 (9th Cir. 2009). We take as true
all factual allegations in Mr. Cast’s complaint, and construe them in the light most
favorable to him. See Lee v. City of Los Angeles, 250 F.3d 668, 679 (9th Cir.
2001).
The Eleventh Amendment bars suits against State officials acting in their
official capacities. Kentucky v. Graham, 473 U.S. 159, 169 (1985); Pennhurst
State Sch. & Hosp. v. Halderman, 465 U.S. 89, 100 (1984). “State officers sued
for damages in their official capacity are not ‘persons’ for purposes of the suit
because they assume the identity of the government that employs them.” Hafer v.
Melo, 502 U.S. 21, 27 (1991). “By contrast, officers sued in their personal
capacity come to court as individuals.” Id. In making an analysis as to whether an
individual defendant is sued in an official or personal capacity, we look “to the
capacity in which the state officer is sued, not the capacity in which the officer
inflicts the alleged injury.” Id. at 26.
Here, the plaintiff did not sue any individual person, nor was any individual
served with process. Rather, the suit was filed generically against the CEO, or
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perhaps several CEO’s, without naming any individual actor or actors. Service of
process was accomplished only on the governmental entity. Thus, there is no
person involved in this action who is before the court as an individual. Further, the
complaint itself refers in several paragraphs to “the government’s action” with a
parenthetical reference to the CEO, using the references interchangeably. Given
the failure of the complaint to allege a cause of action against any specific
individual who would appear in a personal capacity, lack of service of process on
any individual, and with only generic claims against the office of the CEO, the
allegations of the complaint can only be construed as a suit against government
employees in their official capacities, and thus barred by the Eleventh Amendment.
Given this resolution, we need not--and do not--reach any other issue urged by the
parties.
AFFIRMED.
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