Mani Karan v. MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General

NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
MANI KARAN,
Petitioner,
v.
MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney
General,
Respondent.
No. 20-71812
Agency No. A205-586-456
MEMORANDUM*
On Petition for Review of an Order of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
Submitted November 18, 2021**
San Francisco, California
Before: PAEZ, WATFORD, and FRIEDLAND, Circuit Judges.
Mani Karan, a native and citizen of India, petitions for review from a
decision of the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) upholding the denial of his
asylum claim.1 We have jurisdiction pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1252, and we deny the
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
1 Karan failed to exhaust his claims for withholding of removal and relief
under the Convention Against Torture, so we do not consider them.
FILED
NOV 22 2021
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

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petition.
Karan alleges that he was beaten by his girlfriend’s family after seeking their
permission to marry her. He testified that his girlfriend’s family did not want them
to marry because their families had different castes, religions, and levels of wealth.
He further testified that he left India because he was afraid that his girlfriend’s
family would kill him.
The Immigration Judge (“IJ”) found Karan to be not credible, and the BIA
upheld the adverse credibility determination. Because the BIA’s decision is
supported by substantial evidence, we deny the petition for review. See Garland v.
Ming Dai, 141 S. Ct. 1669, 1677 (2021) (“When it comes to questions of fact . . . a
reviewing court must accept ‘administrative findings’ as ‘conclusive unless any
reasonable adjudicator would be compelled to conclude to the contrary.’” (quoting
8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(B))).
1. The BIA cited a discrepancy in Karan’s account of when his girlfriend’s
family beat him. Karan testified that he was beaten by his girlfriend’s family on
December 25, 2012. In a sworn statement given on April 4, 2013, however, he
said that “[h]er family beat me up once about two months ago,” which would be in
or about February 2013. Karan now asserts that there is no discrepancy between
these two statements because he never “state[d] he was beaten first in February
2013.” To the extent that this argument implies that he was beaten multiple

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times, it is contradicted by his statements on the record that he was beaten only a
single time. Substantial evidence supports this basis for the adverse credibility
determination.
2. The BIA cited a discrepancy between Karan’s credible fear interview, in
which he stated that his girlfriend’s family would kill him because “[t]hey were a
different race,” and his subsequent testimony that it was because she was Sikh and
he was Hindu. In his briefing to this court, Karan argues for the first time that no
discrepancy exists because the translator for his credible fear interview meant
“caste” rather than “race.” Because he failed to raise this translation issue before
the BIA, he has not exhausted it. We lack jurisdiction to consider alleged
procedural errors in the first instance. Alvarado v. Holder, 759 F.3d 1121, 1127
n.5 (9th Cir. 2014); Sola v. Holder, 720 F.3d 1134, 1136 (9th Cir. 2013). We
therefore cannot disturb this basis for the adverse credibility determination.2
3. The BIA cited Karan’s testimony that he destroyed letters from and
photographs with his girlfriend while he was en route to the United States. Karan
did not articulate why he would have destroyed this evidence that purportedly
corroborated his persecution, and that captured memories of the woman he says he
2 Similarly, we lack jurisdiction to consider Karan’s arguments that the IJ
denied him due process by not providing a sufficient opportunity to explain
perceived discrepancies in his testimony. Karan failed to exhaust this issue before
the BIA, and we may not consider it in the first instance. Sola, 720 F.3d at 1136.

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wanted to marry. Instead, he vaguely stated that he was afraid, without explaining
who or what caused this fear such that he would destroy these documents after
arriving in Guatemala. A reasonable factfinder would not be compelled to accept
this explanation as true, so substantial evidence supports this ground for the
adverse credibility determination.
4. The BIA cited an apparent discrepancy between Karan’s description of
his medical treatment after his beating and a doctor’s letter he submitted that
describes his treatment for “gastroentities.” Karan argues that the BIA and the IJ
(collectively, “the agency”) relied solely on a news article in the record to
impermissibly speculate that a diagnosis of “gastroentities” was not consistent with
internal injuries from a beating. We have held, however, that the agency may
consider the plausibility of a witness’s testimony “in light of background evidence
such as . . . news articles.” Lalayan v. Garland, --- F.4th ---, 2021 WL 2933340, at
*9 (9th Cir. 2021). Because the agency did not engage in improper speculation,
this aspect of the adverse credibility determination is supported by substantial
evidence.
5. The BIA cited Karan’s response to a discrepancy between the original
and translated versions of an affidavit submitted by his father. In the original,
Karan’s father wrote that Karan was hospitalized in December 2012, which is
consistent with Karan’s account. By contrast, the translated affidavit says that

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Karan was hospitalized in December 2017. As the BIA noted, the latter date
appears to be a mere typographic or transcription error by the translator.
When confronted with the apparent discrepancy on cross-examination,
however, Karan testified that he “told [his father] that it is incorrectly written over
there. Because he’s not very educated, he could not figure it out.” Counsel for the
Government then asked why he would speak to his father about the mistranslated
version when the original was correct. Karan further explained that his father “said
that he has a problem seeing things after the problem in the typing. That’s why.”
If the error is attributable to the translator rather than Karan’s father, as he now
asserts, then this explanation does not make sense. The agency reasonably cited
that explanation—rather than the discrepancy in dates itself—to support the
adverse credibility determination.
6. We do not reach Karan’s arguments that the IJ denied him adequate
notice and the opportunity to gather corroborating evidence as required by Ren v.
Holder, 648 F.3d 1079, 1090 (9th Cir. 2011). The Ren requirements for
corroborating evidence apply only if the non-corroboration-related grounds cited
by the agency are insufficient to support the adverse credibility determination.
Bhattarai v. Lynch, 835 F.3d 1037, 1043 (9th Cir. 2016). Because we cannot set
aside the non-corroboration-related grounds here, we must “defer to the IJ and
BIA’s adverse credibility determination.” Id.

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Without Karan’s testimony, the remaining evidence in the record is
insufficient to support his asylum claim. Accordingly, the petition for review is
denied. See Yali Wang v. Sessions, 861 F.3d 1003, 1009 (9th Cir. 2017).
PETITION DENIED.

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