United States of America v. Dominick Jeffrey Aragon

NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v.
DOMINICK JEFFREY ARAGON,
Defendant-Appellant.
No. 21-30021
D.C. No. 1:20-cr-00267-MC-1
MEMORANDUM*
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the District of Oregon
Michael J. McShane, District Judge, Presiding
Submitted December 7, 2021**
Seattle, Washington
Before: McKEOWN, CHRISTEN, and BADE, Circuit Judges.
While serving two undischarged state sentences—one for a revocation of
probation, and the other for driving under the influence of intoxicants—Dominick
Aragon pleaded guilty to a federal charge for distribution of cocaine, in violation
FILED
DEC 20 2021
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).

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of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1), (b)(1)(C). Aragon was sentenced to 30 months’
imprisonment, with 15 months to run concurrently with his undischarged state
sentences, and 15 months to run consecutively. Aragon appeals his sentence. We
have jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm. Because the parties
are familiar with the facts, we do not recite them here.
1. The district court did not plainly err by imposing a partially concurrent
and partially consecutive sentence. Where, as here, a defendant did not object to
an alleged sentencing error before the district court, this court reviews his claims
for plain error. United States v. Hammons, 558 F.3d 1100, 1103 (9th Cir. 2009).
Plain error is “(1) error, (2) that is plain, (3) that affected substantial rights, and
(4) that seriously affected the fairness, integrity or public reputation of the judicial
proceedings.” United States v. Ferguson, 8 F.4th 1143, 1145–46 (9th Cir. 2021)
(internal quotation marks omitted).
United States Sentencing Guideline (U.S.S.G.) § 5G1.3 applies to
defendants like Aragon who are serving an undischarged term of imprisonment at
the time of sentencing. U.S.S.G. § 5G1.3(b) directs courts to impose a concurrent
sentence when the offense underlying the undischarged term is “relevant conduct”
to the instant offense. However, Aragon concedes his DUI conviction is unrelated
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to the instant offense.1 Consequently, § 5G1.3(b) and its directive do not apply to
Aragon’s sentence. See United States v. Kimble, 107 F.3d 712, 713, 715 (9th Cir.
1997) (holding that § 5G1.3(b) does not apply “where at least one of a defendant’s
undischarged prison terms is not related to the instant offense”); see also U.S.S.G.
§ 5G1.3 cmt. n.4(D). The district court therefore appropriately exercised its
discretion in sentencing Aragon to a term of imprisonment that was partially
concurrent and partially consecutive to his undischarged term of imprisonment.
2. The district court adequately explained its rationale for imposing a
partially concurrent and partially consecutive sentence. In sentencing a defendant,
a district court must consider the 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) sentencing considerations
and explain its reasoning in detail sufficient to permit meaningful appellate review.
See United States v. Carty, 520 F.3d 984, 991–92 (9th Cir. 2008) (en banc). An
explanation is sufficient if it “communicates that the parties’ arguments have been
heard, and that a reasoned decision has been made.” Id. at 992.
The court informed the parties that it reviewed the Presentence Investigation
Report (PSR) and sentencing briefs; heard oral argument from the parties;
considered Aragon’s criminal history and history of drug and alcohol abuse; and
1 We express no view on whether Aragon’s cocaine delivery offense
underlying his revocation of probation, was relevant conduct to the instant offense.
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expressed concern about releasing Aragon into the community in light of the high
risk shown by his recidivism and impulsiveness around alcohol. The district
court’s explanation of its sentencing decision was therefore sufficient. See id.
3. Next, the district court’s sentence was not substantively unreasonable.
“We conduct a two-step analysis when reviewing the reasonableness of a sentence:
‘we first consider whether the district court committed significant procedural error,
then we consider the substantive reasonableness of the sentence.’” United States v.
Apodaca, 641 F.3d 1077, 1080–81 (9th Cir. 2011) (quoting Carty, 520 F.3d at
993). A sentence is substantively reasonable if, under the totality of the
circumstances, it is “sufficient, but not greater than necessary” to achieve the
statutory goals of sentencing. Carty, 520 F.3d at 993–94.
Aragon appears to suggest that his prosecution and sentence were unfair and
unreasonable. Aragon posits that, if he were prosecuted in federal court for both
the April 2018 cocaine sale and June 2018 cocaine charge, his total offense level
would not have changed. He also argues that, if the government would have
prosecuted him for the April 2018 cocaine sale earlier, his other offenses would not
have counted against him, and that the district court should have “impose[d] a
sentence as if the two cases were sentenced as one” (i.e., a below-Guidelines, fully
concurrent sentence).
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These arguments are premised on Aragon’s incorrect assumption that §
5G1.3(b) applied to his sentence. Aragon provides no support for his implied
contention that the prosecution of the federal offense was somehow unfairly
delayed. In any event, the district court adequately considered the § 3553(a)
factors and imposed a sentence at the bottom of the Guidelines range.2 The district
court’s sentence was reasonable. See id. at 988 (“[A] correctly calculated
Guidelines sentence will normally not be found unreasonable on appeal.”).
4. Aragon contends that it was error for the district court not to notify the
parties that Aragon’s sentence would include a consecutive component. This
argument is based on the faulty premise that § 5G1.3(b) required a concurrent
sentence in Aragon’s case. As explained above, § 5G1.3(b) is inapplicable to
Aragon’s sentence, so the district court did not depart from the Sentencing
Guidelines in imposing a partially consecutive sentence. Accordingly, no such
notice was required here. See Fed. R. Crim. P. 32(h); United States v. Fifield, 432
F.3d 1056, 1063 (9th Cir. 2005).
2 Contrary to Aragon’s suggestion, the district court did not err simply
because it did not adopt the parties’ and the PSR’s sentencing recommendations.
Indeed, the PSR advised the district court that, in sentencing Aragon for the April
2018 cocaine sale, it was permitted to impose a sentence to run concurrently,
partially concurrently, or consecutively to Aragon’s prior undischarged term of
imprisonment.
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AFFIRMED.
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