In re: CUKER INTERACTIVE, LLC v. Cuker Interactive, LLC

NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
In re: CUKER INTERACTIVE, LLC,
Debtor,
______________________________
PILLSBURY WINTHROP SHAW
PITTMAN, LLP,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v.
CUKER INTERACTIVE, LLC,
Defendant-Appellant.
No. 21-55298
D.C. No.
3:20-cv-01882-CAB-BLM
MEMORANDUM*
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Southern District of California
Cathy Ann Bencivengo, District Judge, Presiding
Argued and Submitted February 18, 2022
Pasadena, California
Before: BRESS and BUMATAY, Circuit Judges, and LASNIK,** District Judge.
In this adversary proceeding, Cuker Interactive, LLC appeals the district
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
** The Honorable Robert S. Lasnik, United States District Judge for the
Western District of Washington, sitting by designation.
FILED
MAR 2 2022
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

-- 1 of 5 --

2
court’s order finding that the law firm of Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw has a valid
Arkansas attorney’s lien against Cuker. Because this appeal requires no further fact
finding and presents a pure legal issue, we have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C.
§ 158(d) to review the district court’s final order. See In re DeMarah, 62 F.3d 1248,
1250 (9th Cir. 1995). Reviewing de novo, see In re Tenderloin Health, 849 F.3d
1231, 1234–35 (9th Cir. 2017), we affirm.
Because this is a bankruptcy proceeding, federal choice-of-law rules
determine which state’s substantive law applies. In re Lindsay, 59 F.3d 942, 948
(9th Cir. 1995). Applying federal choice of law rules requires us to “follow the
approach of the Restatement (Second) of Conflict of Laws.” In re Vortex Fishing
Sys., Inc., 277 F.3d 1057, 1069 (9th Cir. 2002). Although Cuker claims that Lindsay
was wrongly decided, it binds us as a three-judge panel. See Miller v. Gammie, 335
F.3d 889, 893 (9th Cir. 2003) (en banc).
We reject Cuker’s argument that Restatement § 188 applies here. That section
addresses “[t]he rights and duties of the parties with respect to an issue in contract.”
Although the parties have a contract (the Engagement Agreement), it has no nexus
to the present lien dispute, as Cuker acknowledged at various points in this case.
Instead, the lien is a non-consensual lien that arises from Arkansas statutes. See Ark.
Code Ann. § 16–22–304. Section 251 of the Restatement is therefore the relevant
section. It applies to the “validity and effect of a security interest in a chattel,” and

-- 2 of 5 --

3
specifically to liens that arise by operation of law, including attorney’s liens.
Restatement (Second) of Conflict of Laws § 251 & comment f.
Section 251 states:
(1) The validity and effect of a security interest in a chattel as between
the immediate parties are determined by the local law of the state
which, with respect to the particular issue, has the most significant
relationship to the parties, the chattel and the security interest
under the principles stated in § 6.
(2) In the absence of an effective choice of law by the parties, greater
weight will usually be given to the location of the chattel at the
time that the security interest attached than to any other contact in
determining the state of the applicable law.
(Emphasis added).
Although both parties make plausible arguments under the § 6 factors that
Arkansas and California each have a significant relationship to this dispute,
subsection (2) of § 251 sets a presumption in favor of the law where the chattel is
located, which here is Arkansas. As one secondary source explains:
The generally accepted view is that the existence and effect of an
attorney’s lien is governed by the law of the place in which the contract
between the attorney and the client is to be performed, that is, in which
a contemplated action or proceeding is to be instituted, and that the
place of contracting is immaterial where the contract contemplates the
institution of an action in another jurisdiction.
Conflict of Laws as to Attorneys’ Liens, 59 A.L.R.2d 564, § 4. Cuker has not
provided a sufficient basis to conclude that the § 6 factors overcome § 251’s general
preference for the law of the place where the chattel is located. See also Restatement

-- 3 of 5 --

4
(Second) of Conflict of Laws § 251 comment e (explaining that “[t]he values of
certainty and predictability of result are furthered as a consequence, since the place
where a chattel is situated at a given time will either be known to the parties or else,
except in rare instances, will be readily ascertainable”). Cuker’s argument that it
lacked sufficient notice that Arkansas law could apply is unpersuasive considering
that Cuker knew it was retaining Pillsbury to represent it in litigation in Arkansas,
and later filed a malpractice action against Pillsbury in that state.
Applying Arkansas law, Pillsbury has a valid lien. Arkansas Code Ann. § 16–
22–304 sets out the procedures to perfect an attorney’s lien in Arkansas. See Mack
v. Brazil, Adlong & Winningham, PLC, 159 S.W.3d 291, 294–95 (Ark. 2004). It
requires “service upon the adverse party of a written notice signed by the client and
by the attorney at law . . . representing the client.” Ark. Code Ann. § 16–22–
304(a)(1). It also specifies “notice . . . to be served by certified mail” and “a return
receipt” to “establish actual delivery of the notice.” Id. The Arkansas Supreme
Court has held, however, that “strict compliance with the attorney’s lien statute is
not required and substantial compliance will suffice.” Mack, 159 S.W.3d at 295.
Pillsbury substantially complied with the lien statute. Although Pillsbury’s
lien was not signed by the client, Pillsbury sent written notice of its lien by certified
mail to Walmart’s counsel and to both of Cuker’s principals, with return receipt
requested. Pillsbury also emailed the notice to Cuker’s principals, Walmart’s

-- 4 of 5 --

5
counsel, and Cuker’s counsel. Cuker has not argued that it was unaware of
Pillsbury’s lien. Under analogous circumstances, the Arkansas Supreme Court has
found substantial compliance with its attorney’s lien statute. See Mack, 159 S.W.3d
at 296; Metropolitan Life Ins. Co. v. Roberts, 411 S.W.2d 299, 300 (Ark. 1967). As
a result, Pillsbury has a perfected lien.
AFFIRMED.

-- 5 of 5 --