JOSE RAZO-MARTINEZ, AKA Jose Martinez Razo v. MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General

NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
JOSE RAZO-MARTINEZ, AKA Jose
Martinez Razo,
Petitioner,
v.
MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney
General,
Respondent.
No. 15-73857
Agency No. A200-242-866
MEMORANDUM*
On Petition for Review of an Order of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
Submitted March 11, 2022**
Pasadena, California
Before: BERZON, TALLMAN, and FRIEDLAND, Circuit Judges.
Jose Razo-Martinez (“Petitioner”), a native and citizen of Mexico, petitions
for review from a decision of the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”)
upholding the immigration judge’s (“IJ”) denial of his claims for withholding of
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
FILED
MAR 15 2022
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

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removal and relief under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). We have
jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252, and we deny the petition.
Petitioner argues that he will be persecuted in Mexico as an adult male who
is returning there after spending a long period of time in the United States. He
argues that his status as a recent “deportee” will lead the drug cartels either to
target him for kidnapping, extortion, and ransom or to suspect that he is a rival
cartel member or an informant, and he fears that drug cartels will harm him as a
result. The BIA rejected this proposed particular social group as not cognizable
within the meaning of 8 U.S.C. § 1101(a)(42), holding that it fails the requirements
of particularity and social distinction. Petitioner’s evidence does not compel the
contrary conclusion that his proposed group is discrete and has definable
boundaries, nor that Mexican society perceives Mexicans returning after a lengthy
stay in the United States as a distinct group. See Barbosa v. Barr, 926 F.3d 1053,
1059–60 (9th Cir. 2019) (“returning Mexicans from the United States” is “too
broad to qualify as a cognizable social group” (quoting Delgado-Ortiz v. Holder,
600 F.3d 1148, 1151–52 (9th Cir. 2010))); Matter of W-G-R-, 26 I. & N. Dec. 208,
214–17 (BIA 2014).
Petitioner also asserts that he will be persecuted in Mexico based on his
familial relationship to his two brothers, one a former police officer and the other a
member of the military. He argues that he will be targeted because his brothers

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refused to join or cooperate with the drug cartels. The BIA rejected this claim,
reasoning that Petitioner “provided no particularized evidentiary support for these
beliefs other than his own speculation, and did not sufficiently explain how these
beliefs would support his withholding of removal claim.” The BIA’s conclusion
was supported by substantial evidence. See Duran-Rodriguez v. Barr, 918 F.3d
1025, 1028 (9th Cir. 2019) (“Under [the substantial evidence] standard, we must
uphold the agency determination unless the evidence compels a contrary
conclusion.”). Petitioner submitted highly general evidence of violence
perpetrated by drug cartels and corrupt law enforcement officers, but this evidence
does not compel the conclusion that Petitioner is more likely than not to suffer
persecution in Mexico, nor that any harm he suffered would be on account of his
familial relationship with non-corrupt law enforcement officers.
Substantial evidence also supports the agency’s determination that Petitioner
is not eligible for CAT relief because Petitioner failed to show it is more likely
than not that he will be tortured if he returns to Mexico. See Delgado-Ortiz, 600
F.3d at 1152 (holding that “generalized evidence of violence and crime in Mexico
[that was] not particular to Petitioners [was] insufficient to meet [the CAT]
standard”).
PETITION DENIED.

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