WILLIAM J. DRAYTON, PKA Flavor Flav, an individual v. Gary Rinaldo, an individual

NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
WILLIAM J. DRAYTON, PKA Flavor Flav,
an individual,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
GARY RINALDO, an individual,
Defendant-Appellee,
and
BTN EASTLINK; et al.,
Defendants.
No. 19-55765
D.C. No. 2:17-cv-06408-VAP-PJW
MEMORANDUM*
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Central District of California
Virginia A. Phillips, District Judge, Presiding
Submitted March 16, 2022**
San Francisco, California
Before: W. FLETCHER, GOULD, and COLLINS, Circuit Judges.
Plaintiff-Appellant William J. Drayton, known professionally as rap artist
“Flavor Flav,” appeals from the district court’s dismissal of his claims against
Defendant-Appellee Gary Rinaldo for, inter alia, breach of contract and copyright
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as
provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
** The panel unanimously concludes that this case is suitable for decision without
oral argument. See FED. R. APP. P. 34(a)(2)(C).
FILED
MAY 9 2022
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

-- 1 of 6 --

2
infringement. The district court dismissed the suit for failure to prosecute after
Drayton failed to timely file the required pretrial documents before the scheduled
final pretrial conference. We affirm.
I
After a default had been entered against one defendant and the other
defendants had been dismissed, only Drayton’s claims against Rinaldo remained.
The trial on these claims was set for April 23, 2019, and the pretrial conference
was set for April 15. Pursuant to the district court’s local rules, the parties were
required to meet by March 6 to prepare for the pretrial conference. See C.D. CAL.
L. CIV. R. 16-2. Thereafter, they were required to file a number of documents by
March 25, including a “Memorandum of Contentions of Fact and Law,” a witness
list, and a joint exhibit list. See C.D. CAL. L. CIV. R. 16-4, 16-5, 16-6.1. By April
4, Drayton was required to file a proposed pretrial conference order signed by both
sides. See C.D. CAL. L. CIV. R. 16-7.1. None of these documents were filed on
time. Instead—even though the deadline to amend the complaint or add new
parties had passed more than 10 months earlier—Drayton on March 25 filed an
unopposed motion (1) to amend the complaint to add a new defendant and (2) to
reset the trial schedule. On April 18, the district court issued an order denying that
motion, concluding that Drayton had failed to show good cause for such a late
request to amend the complaint. Because, in the meantime, Drayton had failed to

-- 2 of 6 --

3
comply with the established pretrial schedule, the district court issued an order to
show cause why the action should not be dismissed for failure to prosecute.
Three days before the district court issued this order, Drayton filed a request
for leave to file a belated memorandum of contentions of law and fact, but the
court struck the document for failure to comply with the technical requirements of
the applicable local rules and standing orders. On April 26, 2019, Drayton’s
counsel filed a response to the court’s order to show cause, in which he explained
that he had not submitted the required pretrial documents because he had been
busy preparing for two other trials set for April 2019 (which settled) and because
he had expected the case against Rinaldo to settle. Drayton’s counsel stated that he
would be “prepared for trial as soon as the Court desires,” but he also requested
that the district court reset the pretrial conference and give Drayton “no more than
three (3) weeks to better prepare for trial and/or reach a settlement with [Rinaldo].”
One month later, the district court dismissed the action, concluding that the
balance of the relevant factors favored dismissal. Drayton timely appealed, and we
have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291.
II
In deciding whether to dismiss a case for failure to prosecute, a district court
must consider five factors:
(1) the public’s interest in expeditious resolution of litigation;
(2) the court’s need to manage its docket; (3) the risk of

-- 3 of 6 --

4
prejudice to the defendants; (4) the public policy favoring
disposition of cases on their merits; and (5) the availability of
less drastic alternatives.
Ferdik v. Bonzelet, 963 F.2d 1258, 1260–61 (9th Cir. 1992) (citation omitted). We
review the district court’s weighing of these factors for abuse of discretion. Id. at
1260. As the district court correctly noted, the fourth factor—the policy in favor of
disposing of cases on their merits—always weighs against dismissal. But the
district court held that the other four factors favored dismissal and outweighed the
interest in deciding this case on the merits. We conclude that there was no abuse
of discretion in this conclusion.
The first two factors raise related concerns about the effective administration
of justice and are usually examined together. In re PPA Prods. Liab. Litig., 460
F.3d 1217, 1227 (9th Cir. 2006) (en banc). In considering them, we give deference
to the district court’s underlying judgment as to when delays may cause its docket
to become “unmanageable.” Id. (citation omitted). Here, the district court
explained that Drayton’s expectation that the case would settle did not warrant
disregarding the pretrial deadlines and that Drayton’s failure to file the pretrial
papers on time both hindered the expeditious resolution of cases and made it
“impossible for the Court to manage its docket.” Moreover, as Drayton
acknowledged below, the Central District of California is “burdened with heavy
civil and criminal caseloads,” which underscores the importance of effective

-- 4 of 6 --

5
docket management. The district court did not abuse its discretion in concluding
that these factors weighed in favor of dismissal.
The third factor—potential prejudice to the defendant—examines “whether
the plaintiff’s actions impair[ed] the defendant’s ability to go to trial or
threaten[ed] to interfere with the rightful decision of the case.” Malone v. U.S.
Postal Serv., 833 F.2d 128, 131 (9th Cir. 1987). The district court found prejudice
because the lack of pretrial papers meant that Rinaldo “could not have known what
theories [Drayton] was going to assert to succeed on his claims and what evidence
he intended to adduce at trial.” In arguing that there was no prejudice, Drayton
points to two emails in the record that he says show that he “was attempting to get
input from [Rinaldo’s] counsel on the pretrial filings.” The emails, however, were
dated April 15 and 16, which was long after the documents were due. The district
court’s “finding of prejudice deserves substantial deference,” PPA Prods., 460
F.3d at 1228 (simplified), and Drayton has failed to identify sufficient grounds to
set it aside.
The fifth factor, the availability of less drastic alternatives, requires courts to
“explore possible and meaningful alternatives” to dismissal. Henderson v.
Duncan, 779 F.2d 1421, 1424 (9th Cir. 1986). The district court concluded that
“less drastic sanctions would be ineffective” because the court had previously
employed lesser sanctions in response to earlier failures by Drayton to comply with

-- 5 of 6 --

6
court orders and rules, including his inadequate damages disclosures and his failure
to attend a hearing on a defense summary judgment motion. And as the district
court noted, the local rules and the relevant caselaw were both “unambiguous” that
failure to file pretrial documents could result in dismissal. Moreover, even in
response to the order to show cause, Drayton was still asking for additional time to
prepare his pretrial documents. The district court properly concluded that this
factor favored dismissal.
Taking the various factors together, we hold that the district court did not
abuse its discretion when it dismissed this case.
AFFIRMED.

-- 6 of 6 --