Peo in Interest of BBN

24CA1154 Peo in Interest of BBN 11-07-2024

COLORADO COURT OF APPEALS

Court of Appeals No. 24CA1154
Alamosa County District Court No. 23JV30009
Honorable Amanda C. Hopkins, Judge

The People of the State of Colorado,

Appellee,

In the Interest of B.B.N. a Child,

and Concerning U.E.M.,

Appellant.

JUDGMENT AFFIRMED

Division VII
Opinion by JUDGE SCHUTZ
Tow and Pawar, JJ., concur

NOT PUBLISHED PURSUANT TO C.A.R. 35(e)
Announced November 7, 2024

Jason T. Kelly, County Attorney, Alamosa, Colorado, for Appellee

Jenna L. Mazzucca, Guardian ad Litem

Lindsey Parlin, Office of Respondent Parents’ Counsel, Denver, Colorado, for
Respondent-Appellant
¶1 U.E.M. (mother) appeals the juvenile court’s judgment

terminating her parent-child legal relationship with B.B.N. (the

child). We affirm.

I. Relevant Facts

¶2 On May 27, 2023, the child was born with controlled

substances in his system.

¶3 Four days later, the Alamosa County Department of Human

Services filed a petition in dependency and neglect regarding the

child. The juvenile court granted temporary legal custody to the

Department, and the child was placed with paternal uncle.

¶4 In July 2023, after admitting that the child was born in an

injurious environment, the juvenile court adopted a treatment plan

for mother. Under the plan, mother had to complete a substance

abuse evaluation; enroll in and attend substance abuse counseling;

comply with the counselor’s recommendations; actively participate

in completing the program; and submit drug screening samples as

requested by the counselor. She also agreed to enroll in the

Dependency and Neglect System Reform court, which offered

frequent hearings to provide her with support and information on

the Department’s services.

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¶5 On April 3, 2024, the Department moved to terminate

mother’s parental rights, asserting that she had not reasonably

complied with her treatment plan.

¶6 About a month later, the juvenile court held an evidentiary

hearing to address the termination motion. At the onset, mother

asked for and was denied a continuance so that she could admit

herself into a detox facility. At the end, the court made the

following oral findings:

• The child was adjudicated dependent and neglected.

• Although an appropriate treatment plan was adopted,

mother had not shown any compliance with it or made

any improvements in overcoming her substance abuse

problems.

• The Department made significant efforts to provide

mother with services to support her successful

completion of the treatment plan.

• The caseworker (who was the sole witness at the

hearing) made repeated attempts, as did other

treatment providers, to engage mother in the process.

Mother’s limited responses never revealed whether

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“there [were] other things that would have been helpful

to her.”

• Despite frequently confirming to the court her intention

to enter a detox facility, mother failed to do so.

• Mother’s unaddressed substance abuse issues would

affect her ability to care for the child.

• Due to mother’s infrequent visits with the child, no

post-birth relationship was ever formed between them.

The visits were “very distressing” for the child, who

reacted to mother as a stranger.

• Mother was unfit and not in a place to successfully or

safely parent the child in a reasonable timeframe.

• Termination of mother’s parental rights was the only

viable option to ensure the child’s well-being, as there

were no less drastic alternatives to termination.

• Paternal uncle was doing an “excellent job” caring for

the child. Although he was originally willing to consider

an allocation of parental responsibilities, uncle was no

longer supportive of that alternative because mother

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had made no effort to establish a relationship with the

child.

Based on these findings, the court terminated mother’s parental

rights.

¶7 On June 5, 2024, the juvenile court entered a written

judgment tracking its oral ruling.

II. Legal Framework and Standard of Review

¶8 A juvenile court may terminate parental rights if it finds, by

clear and convincing evidence, that (1) the child was adjudicated

dependent or neglected; (2) the parent has not complied with an

appropriate, court-approved treatment plan or the plan has not

been successful; (3) the parent is unfit; and (4) the parent’s conduct

or condition is unlikely to change in a reasonable time. § 19-3-

604(1)(c), C.R.S. 2024; People in Interest of S.Z.S., 2022 COA 133,

¶ 9.

¶9 Whether a juvenile court properly terminated parental rights,

including whether the Department made reasonable efforts,

presents a mixed question of fact and law, People in Interest of

A.S.L., 2022 COA 146, ¶ 8, because it involves applying the

termination statute to evidentiary facts, People in Interest of A.M. v.

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T.M., 2021 CO 14, ¶ 15. In particular, the ultimate determination

of whether the Department satisfied its reasonable efforts obligation

is a legal question that we review de novo. A.S.L., ¶ 8.

¶ 10 We will not disturb the juvenile court’s factual findings if the

evidence in the record supports them. S.Z.S., ¶ 10. The credibility

of the witnesses, as well as the sufficiency, probative effect, and

weight of the evidence, and the inferences and conclusions to be

drawn from the evidence are all matters within the court’s province.

Id.

III. Reasonable Efforts

¶ 11 Mother contends that the juvenile court erred by finding that

the Department made reasonable efforts to rehabilitate her and

reunify her with the child. More specifically, she argues that the

Department should have provided her with a phone to maintain

consistent contact and a referral to a detox facility to address her

substance abuse issues. We disagree.

A. Applicable Law

¶ 12 Before a court may terminate parental rights under section

19-3-604(1)(c), the county department of human services must

make reasonable efforts to rehabilitate the parent and reunite the

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family. §§ 19-1-103(114), 19-3-100.5(1), 19-3-604(2)(h), C.R.S.

2024. Reasonable efforts means the “exercise of diligence and care”

for a child in out-of-home placement, and the reasonable efforts

standard may be satisfied if the department provides adequate

services consistent with section 19-3-208, C.R.S. 2024. S.Z.S., ¶

13; see also § 19-1-103(114). Section 19-3-208(2)(b)(III) requires

that a department provide information and referral services to

available public and private assistance resources, but only “as

determined necessary and appropriate by individual case plans.”

¶ 13 The juvenile court should consider whether the services

provided were appropriate to support the parent’s treatment plan.

People in Interest of S.N-V., 300 P.3d 911, 915 (Colo. App. 2011).

But the parent is ultimately responsible for using those services to

obtain the assistance needed to comply with their treatment plan.

People in Interest of J.C.R., 259 P.3d 1279, 1285 (Colo. App. 2011).

B. Analysis

¶ 14 Mother argues that the Department failed to address her

communication barrier by not providing her with a phone. We are

not persuaded.

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¶ 15 We begin by pointing out that although county departments

may provide phone services to parents in dependency and neglect

cases, nothing in section 19-3-208 requires such a service as part of

the obligation to make reasonable efforts. While providing a

cellphone may be an appropriate component of reasonable efforts in

some cases, mother points to no specific facts to support the

conclusion that she did not have access to a phone or that such

access would have materially impacted her compliance with the

treatment plan or the administration of the case. Indeed, the record

illustrates that mother had access to a phone throughout the

proceeding.

¶ 16 In July 2023, mother reported having a phone. In a

September hearing, mother’s attorney notified the magistrate of

communication difficulties with mother. Mother answered that she

was experiencing periods of not speaking to anyone, but did not

explain why. And when the magistrate asked mother if she needed

any assistance, she mentioned that she had a working phone.

¶ 17 In fact, during an October hearing, mother appeared by phone.

In response to concerns about her lack of communication, she

assured the juvenile court that she had a reliable phone. She

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added that she needed to address an outstanding warrant before

she could consistently contact the caseworker.

¶ 18 At a hearing in January 2024, mother told the magistrate that

her phone had been stolen but insisted that she would have a new

one later that day or be able to borrow one.

¶ 19 The next month, mother acknowledged that she had not

recently spoken to the caseworker. She stated that she received a

text message from the caseworker but had forgotten to respond.

She also confirmed her current telephone number with the

caseworker.

¶ 20 In March 2024, mother indicated that she had a working

phone when she said that she thought she had texted the

caseworker about scheduling a meeting.

¶ 21 In the weeks following, mother failed to appear or participate

in any further court hearings. At a late April hearing, the

caseworker recalled a recent phone conversation with mother,

during which mother inquired about her outstanding warrant, the

process of terminating her parental rights, and possible treatment.

The caseworker informed the magistrate that all follow-up attempts

to reach her had gone unanswered.

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¶ 22 At the termination hearing, the caseworker testified that

proactive steps were taken to address the communication

challenges with mother. Throughout the proceedings, mother had

access to the caseworker’s telephone number. As well, the

caseworker tried to maintain contact with mother through the most

up-to-date telephone number available. The caseworker also

testified that while the Department initially offered mother a phone,

the offer never became a “topic of conversation” after that.

¶ 23 In sum, mother did not request a phone from the Department.

And the record establishes that she either possessed a working

phone or had independent means to access one but did not remain

in communication with the caseworker. Because the record

supports the court’s finding that the Department made reasonable

efforts to address her communication barrier, we will not disturb it.

See S.Z.S., ¶ 10.

¶ 24 Nor are we persuaded by mother’s related argument that the

Department should have placed a referral for her to enter a detox

facility. The caseworker testified that mother “was dead set” on

admitting herself to a specific detox center. At numerous court

proceedings, mother stated that she intended to report to the detox

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center that day. Given mother’s determination to go to a specific

detox facility on her own, the caseworker did not believe it was

necessary to make a referral for her. Based on this record, we

cannot say that the Department failed to make reasonable efforts in

this regard. See § 19-3-208(2)(b)(iii).

¶ 25 Because the juvenile court properly concluded that the

Department made reasonable efforts we affirm the termination

judgment. See A.S.L., ¶ 8; see also A.M., ¶ 15.

IV. Disposition

¶ 26 The judgment is affirmed.

JUDGE TOW and JUDGE PAWAR concur.

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