Vasquez v. Sliders Restaurant Group, LLC

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Vasquez v. Sliders Restaurant Group, LLC

ELIA VASQUEZ v. SLIDERS RESTAURANT
GROUP, LLC, ET AL.
(AC 48046)
Suarez, Seeley and Wilson, Js.

Syllabus

The plaintiff, who had been employed as a server at a restaurant owned and
operated by the defendants, appealed from the trial court’s judgment grant-
ing the defendants’ motion to strike her putative class action complaint. The
plaintiff claimed that the defendants had improperly deducted tip credits
from her earnings and paid her and other similarly situated employees less
than the minimum wage for the performance of nonservice work under the
applicable wage regulation (§ 31-62-E4) in effect in 2015. Held:

The trial court properly granted the defendants’ motion to strike, as the
court correctly determined that the legislature’s amendment (P.A. 22-134)
to the statute (§ 31-60) governing minimum wages and gratuities did not
retroactively take away the plaintiff’s cause of action under the Connecticut
Minimum Wage Act (General Statutes § 31-58 et seq.) or violate due process,
and, as this court’s conclusion in the companion case of Farias v. Rodriguez
(238 Conn. App. 287) thoroughly resolved the plaintiff’s claims, this court
adopted the reasoning and conclusions in that decision.

Argued November 13, 2025—officially released March 31, 2026

Procedural History

Action to recover damages for the defendants’ alleged
violations of minimum wage laws and regulations, and
for other relief, brought to the Superior Court in the judi-
cial district of Hartford and transferred to the Complex
Litigation Docket, where the court, Noble, J., granted
the defendants’ motion to strike; thereafter, the court,
Stewart, J., granted the plaintiff’s motion for judgment,
and the plaintiff appealed to this court. Affirmed.
Richard E. Hayber, for the appellant (plaintiff).
James T. Shearin, with whom were Dana M. Hrelic
and, on the brief, Ryan A. O’Donnell, for the appellees
(defendants).

Opinion

SUAREZ, J. This appeal is a companion case to Far-
ias v. Rodriguez, 238 Conn. App. 287, A.3d (2026),
Vasquez v. Sliders Restaurant Group, LLC

which we also decide today. The plaintiff, Celia Vasquez,
brought this putative class action1 complaint, individu-
ally and on behalf of others who were similarly situated
as employees of Sliders Bar & Grill restaurants (Slid-
ers), alleging violations of Connecticut wage laws and
regulations. See General Statutes §§ 31-602 and 31-68;3
see also Regs., Conn. State Agencies § 31-62-E1 et seq.
(2015) (repealed September 24, 2020).4 Specifically, the
1
Prior to certification as a class pursuant to Practice Book § 9-9, a
complaint alleging claims on behalf of a class is commonly referred to
as a “putative” class action. See, e.g., Del Rio v. Amazon.com Services,
Inc., 354 Conn. 151, 152, 349 A.3d 570 (2026).
2
General Statutes § 31-60 provides in relevant part: “(b) The Labor
Commissioner shall adopt such regulations, in accordance with the provi-
sions of chapter 54, as may be appropriate to carry out the purposes of
this part. Such regulations . . . shall recognize, as part of the minimum
fair wage, gratuities in an amount (1) equal to twenty-nine and three-
tenths per cent, and . . . effective January 1, 2015, and ending on June
30, 2019, equal to thirty-six and eight-tenths per cent of the minimum
fair wage per hour for persons, other than bartenders, who are employed
in the hotel and restaurant industry, including a hotel restaurant, who
customarily and regularly receive gratuities . . . .
“(d) . . . (4) Notwithstanding any other law or regulation, any claim
brought under this subsection, section 31-68 as it relates to gratuities
as part of the minimum wage or section 31-62-E3 of the regulations
of Connecticut state agencies filed after September 24, 2022, shall
be adjudicated, solely, under section 31-60-2 of the regulations of
Connecticut state agencies effective on September 24, 2020, and any
amendments thereto. . . .”
3
General Statutes § 31-68 (a) (1) provides: “If any employee is paid by
his or her employer less than the minimum fair wage or overtime wage
to which he or she is entitled under sections 31-58, 31-59 and 31-60 or
by virtue of a minimum fair wage order he or she shall recover, in a civil
action, (A) twice the full amount of such minimum wage or overtime
wage less any amount actually paid to him or her by the employer, with
costs and such reasonable attorney’s fees as may be allowed by the court,
or (B) if the employer establishes that the employer had a good faith
belief that the underpayment of such wages was in compliance with the
law, the full amount of such minimum wage or overtime wage less any
amount actually paid to him or her by the employer, with costs and such
reasonable attorney’s fees as may be allowed by the court.”
4
The plaintiff’s complaint alleges violations of only § 31-62-E4 (old E4)
of the 2015 Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies. Following the
practice of the parties and the trial court, we refer to the plaintiff’s claim
in count one of her operative complaint as alleging violations of old E4.
Vasquez v. Sliders Restaurant Group, LLC

plaintiff alleged that the defendants5 violated § 31-62-E46
(old E4) of the 2015 Regulations of Connecticut State
Agencies (2015 regulations) by improperly deducting a
tip credit7 from her earnings and paying her and other
similarly situated employees less than the minimum wage
for the performance of “nonservice” work.8 The plaintiff
appeals from the judgment of the trial court rendered
in favor of the defendants following its granting of the
defendants’ motion to strike her one count complaint.
The issues presented in this appeal with respect to the
plaintiff’s old E4 claims are identical to those presented
5
The plaintiff named Sliders Restaurant Group, LLC; Sliders, Inc.;
Sliders Middletown, LLC; Sliders Torrington, LLC; Sliders Wallingford,
LLC; and Fred Marcantonio, as defendants in this action. It is not dis-
puted that these defendants share identical interests in this appeal. For
convenience, we refer to all defendants collectively as the defendants
and to the corporate defendants collectively as the defendant entities.
We refer to Marcantonio by name when necessary.
6
Section 31-62-E4 of the 2015 Regulations of Connecticut State Agen-
cies, which was repealed effective September 24, 2020, provided: “If an
employee performs both service and non-service duties, and the time
spent on each is definitely segregated and so recorded, the allowance for
gratuities as permitted as part of the minimum fair wage may be applied
to the hours worked in the service category. If an employee performs
both service and non-service duties and the time spent on each cannot
be definitely segregated and so recorded, or is not definitely segregated
and so recorded, no allowances for gratuities may be applied as part of
the minimum fair wage.”
7
“A tip credit allows employers [to] take a credit for tips received by a
tipped employee for up to a stated percentage or portion of the minimum
wage. J. Lockhart, Annot., Tips as Wages for Purposes of Federal Fair
Labor Standards Act, 46 A.L.R. Fed. 2d 23, 40, § 2 (2010).” (Internal
quotation marks omitted.) Rodriguez v. Kaiaffa, LLC, 337 Conn. 248,
259 n.11, 253 A.3d 13 (2020).
8
Effective September 24, 2020, § 31-62-E3a of the Regulations of
Connecticut State Agencies (regulations) was added. Section 31-62-E3a
changed an employer’s obligation to segregate an employee’s time for
nonservice duties to provide that such time must be segregated only
when a service employee performs nonservice employee duties for “two
hours or more,” or “[f]or more than 20 percent of the service employee’s
shift, whichever is less . . . .” Regs., Conn. State Agencies § 31-62-E3a
(a) (1) and (2). The plaintiff does not dispute that she has not alleged
any violations of new E4, which is now codified at § 31-62-E3a of the
regulations. See footnote 4 of this opinion.
Vasquez v. Sliders Restaurant Group, LLC

in Farias.9 For the reasons stated in Farias, we conclude
that the trial court correctly determined that (1) No.
22-134 of the 2022 Public Acts (P.A. 22-134)10 did not
retroactively take away the plaintiff’s cause of action
under the Connecticut Minimum Wage Act (minimum
wage act), General Statutes § 31-58 et seq., and (2) apply-
ing P.A. 22-134 to the plaintiff’s claims did not violate
due process.11 We therefore affirm the judgment of the
court.
9
We note that, unlike the plaintiff in Farias, the plaintiff in the
present case did not allege any violations of § 31-62-E3 of the 2015
Regulations of Connecticut State Agencies (old E3).
10
In May, 2022, the legislature enacted P.A. 22-134, titled, “An Act
Concerning Employee Record Keeping,” which includes the provision
relevant to this appeal. Public Act 22-134 amended § 31-60 (d) by add-
ing subdivision (4), which provides: “Notwithstanding any other law or
regulation, any claim brought under this subsection, section 31-68 as it
relates to gratuities as part of the minimum wage or section 31-62-E3
of the regulations of Connecticut state agencies filed after September
24, 2022, shall be adjudicated, solely, under section 31-60-2 of the
regulations of Connecticut state agencies effective on September 24,
2020, and any amendments thereto.”
11
The plaintiff also claims that the trial court incorrectly concluded
that (1) her “follow-on” class action does not relate back to the filing
of prior putative class actions brought against the defendants, even
though those cases did not result in the denial of class certification, and
(2) Governor Ned Lamont’s Executive Order No. 7G expired on March
1, 2021, by operation of Governor Lamont’s Executive Order No. 10A,
rather than on May 20, 2021. See Puzone v. Sliders, Inc., Superior
Court, judicial district of Hartford, Complex Litigation Docket, Docket
No. CV-XX-XXXXXXX-S; Rodriguez v. Sliders, Inc., Superior Court,
judicial district of Hartford, Complex Litigation Docket, Docket No.
CV-XX-XXXXXXX-S.
In her tolling claims, the plaintiff asserts that the United States
Supreme Court’s decision in American Pipe & Construction Co. v. Utah,
414 U.S. 538, 94 S. Ct. 756, 38 L. Ed. 2d 713 (1974), which was adopted
by our Supreme Court in Grimes v. Housing Authority, 242 Conn. 236,
244, 698 A.2d 302 (1997), together with Governor Lamont’s executive
orders, tolled the applicable two year statute of limitations in General
Statutes § 52-596.
We need not address these claims, however, in light of our dispositive
conclusion that § 31-60 (d) (4) applies to the plaintiff’s claims and that
the plaintiff did not comply with its requirements. See General Stat-
utes § 31-60 (d) (4) (“any claim brought under this subsection, section
31-68 as it relates to gratuities as part of the minimum wage or section
31-62-E3 of the regulations of Connecticut state agencies filed after
Vasquez v. Sliders Restaurant Group, LLC

The following facts, as alleged in the plaintiff’s
complaint,12 and procedural history are relevant to our
resolution of this appeal, which presents similar issues to
those presented in Farias. The plaintiff was employed by
Sliders at its Plainville location as a server from approxi-
mately 2017 until 2019. The plaintiff alleged that the
individual defendant, Fred Marcantonio, is the sole
owner of all Sliders restaurants in Connecticut and that
the defendant entities operate several Sliders locations
in Connecticut. The plaintiff further alleged that the
defendants function as a single, integrated enterprise and
collectively have the status of a single employer of the
plaintiff pursuant to Connecticut wage laws. At all rele-
vant times, the defendants maintained a common practice
at all of their Sliders Connecticut restaurants to take the
full tip credit against the wages of their servers, and, as
a result, they did not pay their servers the full minimum
wage.13 The defendants assigned the plaintiff, and other
similarly situated servers, “nonservice duties,” which
included “side work” that they were required to perform
during their serving shifts. This side work included, but
was not limited to, cleaning and stocking bathrooms,
wiping down top shelves of all waiter stations, “running
mesh through dishwasher[s],” “windex[ing]” glass par-
titions, wiping down check presenters, “wip[ing] down
underneath server station . . . cubbies,” sweeping rugs,
rolling up rugs and wiping down wood, wiping down
September 24, 2022, shall be adjudicated, solely, under section 31-60-2
of the regulations of Connecticut state agencies effective on September
24, 2020, and any amendments thereto”). Thus, even if we were to agree
with the plaintiff’s tolling claims, the plaintiff still would not prevail
because, pursuant to § 31-60 (d) (4), any claims filed after September
24, 2022, must be adjudicated solely under § 31-60-2 of the regulations,
and, in the present case, the plaintiff alleged violations of only old E4.
12
“For purposes of reviewing a motion to strike, we take the facts
alleged in the complaint as true.” (Internal quotation marks omitted.)
Ferrua v. Napoli Foods, Inc., 237 Conn. App. 23, 25 n.5, 349 A.3d 620
(2025), petition for cert. filed (Conn. March 6, 2026) (No. 250349).
13
During the alleged claim period of May 11, 2018, until September
23, 2020, a “minimum fair wage” was defined in General Statutes § 31-58
(i) (1) as not less than $10.10 per hour effective January 1, 2017; as not
less than $11 per hour effective October 1, 2019; and as not less than
$12 per hour effective September 1, 2020.
Vasquez v. Sliders Restaurant Group, LLC

trash baskets in stations and wiping the walls, wiping
down doors, sweeping and sanitizing the break room,
and disposing of garbage on kitchen counters.
On June 26, 2023, the plaintiff commenced the present
putative class action against the defendants, on behalf
of herself and other Sliders servers employed during
the alleged class period, for violations of Connecticut
wage laws and regulations.14 The plaintiff’s one count
complaint alleged that the defendants violated old E4 by
failing to segregate her and other similarly situated serv-
ers’ service and nonservice duties. The plaintiff alleged
an applicable claim period for her class action claims15
under old E4 from May 11, 2018, until September 23,
2020.
In August, 2023, the defendants filed a motion to
strike the plaintiff’s complaint pursuant to Practice
Book § 10-39,16 together with an accompanying memo-
randum of law. The defendants contended, first, that the
complaint failed to state a claim on which relief could be
granted for violations of old E4. Second, the defendants
asserted that the plaintiff’s claims were barred by the
two year statutory limitation period set forth in General
Statutes § 52-596.17
14
As noted previously, the present case is the third putative class
action brought against the defendants on behalf of servers asserting
substantially similar class wide violations pursuant to old E4. See
footnote 11 of this opinion. Each of those prior actions was withdrawn
after the parties reached a settlement. At the time each prior action
was withdrawn or dismissed, a motion for class certification pursuant
to Practice Book §§ 9-7 and 9-8 had not been ruled on by the court.
15
It is not disputed that the plaintiff did not allege any individual
claims in her complaint but, rather, alleged only putative class action
claims.
16
Practice Book § 10-39 provides in relevant part: “(a) A motion to
strike shall be used whenever any party wishes to contest: (1) the legal
sufficiency of the allegations of any complaint, counterclaim or cross
claim, or of any one or more counts thereof, to state a claim upon which
relief can be granted . . . .”
17
General Statutes § 52-596 provides in relevant part: “No action for
the payment of remuneration for employment payable periodically shall
be brought but within two years after the right of action accrues . . . .”
Vasquez v. Sliders Restaurant Group, LLC

On September 13, 2023, the plaintiff filed a memoran-
dum of law in opposition to the defendants’ motion to
strike. The plaintiff argued, inter alia, that P.A. 22-134
should not be construed to retroactively change old E4
and that doing so would constitute a taking of the puta-
tive class’ vested property interest in its members’ causes
of action in violation of their due process rights. On
September 20, 2023, the defendants filed a reply.
On June 12, 2024, the parties appeared before the
court, Noble, J., for oral argument. On September 6,
2024, the court granted the defendants’ motion to strike.
In its memorandum of decision, the court concluded,
inter alia, that the plaintiff’s complaint was legally insuf-
ficient because she alleged claims only under old E4,
and, therefore, she failed to comply with § 31-60 (d) (4).
Similar to its reasoning in Farias v. Rodriguez, Docket
No. X07-CV-XX-XXXXXXX-S, 2023 WL 9054493 (Conn.
Super. December 29, 2023), aff’d, 238 Conn. App. 287,
A.3d (2026), the court reasoned that “[t]he lan-
guage of § 31-60 (d) (4) . . . makes the legislature’s intent
abundantly clear; that is, actions filed after September
24, 2022, must be adjudicated only under § 31-60-2 of the
regulations . . . .”18 Following the granting of the defen-
dants’ motion to strike, the court, Stewart, J., granted
the plaintiff’s motion for judgment on September 10,
2024, and this appeal followed.
18
The trial court stated in its decision that, because it had determined
that the plaintiff’s action was untimely, it declined to address the
plaintiff’s claim that any retroactive effect of the repeal of old E4 was
unconstitutional because it would violate her vested property rights in
violation of due process. It noted in a footnote, however, that, because
the plaintiff commenced the present action after September 24, 2022,
“[t]his suggests that the retroactive application of [§ 31-60 (d) (4)] was
not unconstitutional under Connecticut’s due process clause because
it did not involve a vested right.” The parties do not dispute that the
plaintiff’s due process claim is properly before this court on appeal;
however, as the issue was raised before the trial court and was fully
briefed on appeal, the constitutionality of § 31-60 (d) (4) presents an
issue over which this court exercises plenary review. See, e.g., Farias
v. Rodriguez, supra, 238 Conn. App. 311.
Vasquez v. Sliders Restaurant Group, LLC

As stated previously in this opinion, the issues raised
by the parties and the merits of the underlying argu-
ments presented in this appeal are essentially identical
to those considered in Farias, the companion case to
the present appeal. See Farias v. Rodriguez, supra, 238
Conn. App. 287. In Farias, we rejected the plaintiff’s
claim that the application of § 31-60 (d) (4) impermissi-
bly took away the plaintiff’s substantive cause of action
under the minimum wage act. See id., 308–309. We
also determined that, even if we assume arguendo that
P.A. 22-134 was retroactive as applied, such retroactive
application did not violate due process. See id., 310. We
reach the same conclusions in the present case.
Our conclusions with respect to the issues presented
in Farias thoroughly resolve the claims in the present
appeal, and there is nothing in this case that would man-
date a result different from that which we reached in
Farias. See generally id., 308–309, 310. We therefore
adopt the reasoning and conclusions of that decision
herein. See, e.g., State v. Drakes, 321 Conn. 857, 864,
146 A.3d 21, cert. denied, 580 U.S. 927, 137 S. Ct. 321,
196 L. Ed. 2d 234 (2016); Minnesota Methane, LLC v.
Dept. of Public Utility Control, 283 Conn. 700, 712, 931
A.2d 177 (2007). Accordingly, we conclude that the trial
court properly granted the defendants’ motion to strike.
The judgment is affirmed.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.