IN RE: Rare Breed Triggers Patent Litigation

UNITED STATES JUDICIAL PANEL
on
MULTIDISTRICT LITIGATION
IN RE: SUPER SAFETY PATENT LITIGATION MDL No. 3176
TRANSFER ORDER
Before the Panel:* This patent litigation involves numerous patents directed at firearm
technology known as forced reset triggers (FRTs). Defendants, accused infringers in the six
actions listed on Schedule A, move under 28 U.S.C. § 1407 to centralize this litigation in the
Northern District of Ohio. This litigation consists of six actions pending in five districts. In
addition, the parties have informed the Panel of 24 additional actions pending in sixteen districts.1
Defendant in one potential tag-along action supports the motion. Patentholder plaintiffs Rare
Breed Triggers, Inc., and ABC IP, LLC (collectively plaintiffs), assert that centralization is
appropriate, and they ask us to further centralize all potential tag-along actions. Movants oppose
plaintiffs’ request and, instead, propose limiting the MDL to actions where plaintiffs allege that a
“Super Safety” FRT device infringes U.S. Patent No. 12,038,247 (the ’247 patent).
Similar to movants’ request to centralize only cases involving a Super Safety FRT device,
responding defendants oppose transfer of the cases brought against them and alternatively seek
establishment of MDLs comprised of the cases involving their FRT device. Defendants in seven
potential tag-along actions (the Disruptor defendants) oppose transfer of the actions against them,
and they alternatively request separate centralization in the District of Wyoming of those actions
involving a “Partisan Disruptor” device. Responding defendants in another six potential tag-along
actions (the Atrius defendants) likewise oppose transfer of the actions against them, and they
alternatively request a separate MDL comprised of actions involving an “Atrius Forced Reset
Selector” device in the Western District of Texas.
On the basis of the papers filed and the hearing session held, we find that these actions
involve common questions of fact and that centralization in the Eastern District of Texas will serve
the convenience of the parties and witnesses and promote the just and efficient conduct of this
litigation. The six actions on the motion involve seven patents owned by plaintiff ABC IP and
exclusively licensed by plaintiff Rare Breed Triggers. All patents relate to forced reset triggers,
which are aftermarket firearm components that allow a shooter to maintain continuous pressure
and achieve a significantly higher rate of fire while technically performing a separate trigger pull
for each round. Patentholder plaintiffs allege in all actions on Schedule A that the Super Safety
FRT device infringes the ’247 patent. Patent holder plaintiffs further assert that the various
* Judge David C. Norton did not participate in the decision of this matter.
1 These and any other related actions are potential tag-along actions. See Panel Rules 1.1(i), 7.1,
and 7.2.
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defendants also infringed six other patents,2 in varying degrees, by manufacturing, selling, or
making and selling the Super Safety device or another FRT device called the Defender FRT. The
parties agree that the actions on the motion will present common questions of fact regarding
allegations that the Super Safety product infringes the ’247 patent. We find that centralization
under Section 1407 will eliminate duplicative discovery, prevent inconsistent pretrial rulings—
especially regarding claim construction, patent validity, and the appropriateness of injunctive
relief—and conserve the resources of the parties, their counsel, and the judiciary.
Moving defendants, the Disruptor defendants, and the Atrius defendants ask us to limit the
centralized proceedings to actions where plaintiffs allege that the Super Safety infringes the ’247
patent. The Disruptor and Atrius defendants further ask that if we decide that the cases against
them warrant centralization, that we create separate MDLs for their accused devices only. All
responding defendants argue that the cases against them focus on their respective products: the
Super Safety, the Partisan Disruptor, and the Atrius Forced Reset Selector devices. They predict
that failure to limit the MDL along these lines will make it unmanageable, as the transferee judge
will have to learn about multiple products, make claim construction and validity determinations
for seven patents belonging to four distinct families, and adjudicate dispositive motions related to
plaintiffs’ allegations that the various products infringe different combinations of the asserted
patents.
As an initial matter, the cases involving the Disruptor defendants and Atrius defendants are
not before us. See Schedule A. It is premature to rule on their inclusion in this MDL. In re DePuy
Orthopaedics, Inc., Pinnacle Hip Implant Prods. Liab. Litig., 787 F. Supp. 2d 1358, 1360
(J.P.M.L. 2011).3 But we must address movants’ request that we limit the MDL’s scope. We are
not persuaded that it is necessary here. While the actions on the motion each involve allegations
that the Super Safety product infringes the ’247 patent, that is not the only overlap. Plaintiffs have
asserted the ’723 patent in two actions and the ’784 patent in three actions. The ’223, ’003, ’336,
and ’807 patents are unrelated to the other patents, but they are, like the other patents, directed to
inventions in the exceptionally narrow field of forced reset triggers. The presence of multiple
unrelated patents does not preclude us from centralizing actions asserting different combinations
of such patents. See In re Rembrandt Techs., LP, Pat. Litig., 493 F. Supp. 2d 1367 (J.P.M.L.
2007) (centralizing fifteen actions involving one or more of nine patents relating to the provision
of high-speed internet and digital broadcasting using cable modems where there was minimal
overlap of inventorship among the nine patents).
Overly restricting this litigation’s scope at the outset risks undermining a key reason for
centralizing patent cases asserting overlapping patents—to “prevent inconsistent pretrial rulings
(particularly with respect to claim construction and patent validity issues).” In re Pipe Flashing
Pat. Litig., 713 F. Supp. 3d 1414, 1415 (J.P.M.L. 2024). Patentholder plaintiffs assert most of
their patents against multiple products. Defining the scope of this litigation based on infringement
2 U.S. Patent Nos. 12,031,784 (the ’784 patent), 7,398,723 (the ’723 patent), 10,514,223, (the ’223
patent), 11,724,003 (the ’003 patent), 12,036,336 (the ’336 patent), and 12,274,807 (the ’807
patent).
3 If placed on a conditional transfer order, the parties to any such action may move to
vacate. See Panel Rule 7.1.
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allegations solely related to the Super Safety product, as movants’ request, could undesirably lead
to multiple courts resolving claim construction and patent validity disputes for the same patent.
We are also unconvinced that the presence of multiple products will prove too much for
the transferee judge. The District of Idaho Harrison action includes infringement allegations
against both the Defender FRT and Super Safety products, so the transferee judge will have to
contend with more than one accused product regardless of any decisions we make on transfer of
potential tag-along actions. And even if the conditional transfer process adds products to the
litigation, “differences in the accused products and infringement allegations in the cases do not
prevent centralization where common factual issues involving claim construction and patent
validity are shared.” In re Proven Networks, LLC, Pat. Litig., 492 F. Supp. 3d 1338, 1339
(J.P.M.L. 2020). The transferee judge can employ any number of pretrial techniques—such as
establishing separate discovery or motion tracks for the different devices—to efficiently manage
this multi-patent, multi-product litigation.
Additional facts unique to this litigation further weigh against limiting this litigation’s
scope at the outset. In 2021, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives classified
Rare Breed Triggers’ FRT-15, a forced reset trigger device, as a machinegun under federal firearms
laws. The Department of Justice (DOJ) sued Rare Breed Triggers in 2023 to enjoin it from selling
the FRT-15 and to recover criminal penalties for illegally selling machineguns.4 On May 13, 2025,
the DOJ entered a settlement agreement with Rare Breed Triggers that ended the litigation.5 The
DOJ touted the settlement as ending “a needless cycle of litigation” while including “conditions
that significantly advance public safety with respect to FRTs, including that Rare Breed will not
develop or design FRTs for use in any pistol and will enforce its patents to prevent infringement
that could threaten public safety.”6 Specifically, Rare Breed Triggers agreed “to take all reasonable
efforts to engage in patent enforcement seeking prohibitory injunctions against any person or entity
that manufacturers, sells, or distributes any FRT during the life of U.S. Patent No. 10,514,223
patent, provided [it has] a good faith argument that the device is within the scope of the patent.”7
In turn, the DOJ “agree[d] to consider filing statements in support of [Rare Breed Triggers’] civil
actions for injunctions against patent violators detailing the public interest to be served by the
injunctions.”8 Limiting the scope of this litigation now may unnecessarily multiply the number of
courts having to evaluate how any statements of interest that the DOJ may file affect the public
4 Complaint, United States v. Rare Breed Triggers, LLC, C.A. No. 1:23-00369 (E.D.N.Y. Jan. 19,
2023), Dkt. No. 1.
5 Exhibit 7 - Reply to Response Opposing Motion to Transfer, In re Super Safety Pat. Litig., MDL
No. 3176 (J.P.M.L. Jan. 20, 2026), Dkt. No. 15-1.
6 Department of Justice Announces Settlement of Litigation Between the Federal Government and
Rare Breed Triggers, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE OFFICE OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS (May 16, 2025),
https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/department-justice-announces-settlement-litigation-between-
federal-government-and-rare-breed.
7 Exhibit 7, supra note 5, at 3.
8 Id. at 6.
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interest in plaintiffs’ requests for preliminary injunctions. That, in turn, may lead to inconsistent
injunction decisions.
Consistent with our decision not to restrict this litigation solely to actions where plaintiffs
assert the ’247 patent against the Super Safety device, we will rename this litigation, “In re: Rare
Breed Triggers Patent Litigation” to better reflect the substance of the litigation.
The Eastern District of Texas is an appropriate transferee district for this litigation. Rare
Breed Triggers is a Texas-based company, the inventors named on two of the asserted patents
reside in Texas, and several potential tag-along actions are pending in the Eastern District of Texas.
We assign this litigation to the Honorable Amos L. Mazzant, III, who is well-versed in
complex patent litigation, but has not yet had the opportunity to preside over a multidistrict
litigation. We are confident that Judge Mazzant will steer this litigation on a prudent and
expeditious course.
IT IS THEREFORE ORDERED that actions listed on Schedule A are transferred to the
Eastern District of Texas and, with the consent of that court, assigned to the Honorable Amos L.
Mazzant, III, for coordinated or consolidated pretrial proceedings.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that MDL No. 3176 is hereby renamed In re: Rare Breed
Triggers Patent Litigation.
PANEL ON MULTIDISTRICT LITIGATION
Karen K. Caldwell
Chair
Nathaniel M. Gorton Matthew F. Kennelly
Roger T. Benitez Dale A. Kimball
Madeline Cox Arleo
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IN RE: SUPER SAFETY PATENT LITIGATION MDL No. 3176
SCHEDULE A
District of Idaho
RARE BREED TRIGGERS, INC., ET AL. v. DNT LLC, ET AL., C.A. No. 4:25-00298
ABC IP, LLC, ET AL. v. HARRISON GUNWORKS LLC, ET AL., C.A. No. 4:25-00299
Northern District of Ohio
ABC IP, LLC, ET AL. v. 80MILLS LLC, ET AL., C.A. No. 1:25-01262
Western District of Oklahoma
ABC IP, LLC, ET AL. v. Z3 PRODUCTIONS LLC, ET AL., C.A. No. 5:25-00695
Southern District of Texas
ABC IP, LLC, ET AL. v. NGUYEN, C.A. No. 4:25-02961
Western District of Texas
ABC IP, LLC, ET AL. v. HANES TACTICAL LLC, ET AL., C.A. No. 3:25-00201
Case MDL No. 3176 Document 44 Filed 04/02/26 Page 5 of 5