1:00-cr-00069•USA v. Brown et al
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Case 1:03-cv-00251 Document 11-1 Filed 12/09/2005 Page 1 of 20 IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF THE UNITED STATES FOR THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF NORTH CAROLINA ASHEVILLE DIVISION CIVIL NO. 1:03CV251 (1:00CR69-5) AMOS JUNIOR SCOTT, ) Petitioner, : Vs. : MEMORANDUM AND ORDER UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, : a Respondent. ) THIS MATTER is before the Court on the Petitioner's motion pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255 to vacate, set aside or correct his sentence, filed October 10, 2003, his supplement to that motion, filed December 2, 2003, his motion to amend, filed January 16, 2004, a motion to expand the record, filed July 20, 2004, a motion to supplement, filed February 3, 2005, and a letter of clarification, filed September 12, 2005. The motion to expand the record is denied, but the Court will allow the filing of the supplemental matters. No response is necessary from the Government. Case 1:03-cv-00251 Document11-1 Filed 12/09/2005 Page 2 of 20 2 |. STANDARD OF REVIEW A prisoner in federal custody may attack his conviction and sentence on the grounds that it is in violation of the Constitution or United States law, was imposed without jurisdiction, exceeds the maximum penalty, or is otherwise subject to collateral attack. 28 U.S.C. § 2255. However, Lit it plainly appears from the face of the motion and any annexed exhibits and the prior proceedings In, the case that the movant is not entitled to. relief in the. district court, the judge shall make an order for its summary dismissal and cause the movant to be notified. Rule 4, Rules Governing Section 2255 Proceedings for the United States District Courts. The Court, having reviewed the record of criminal proceedings, enters summary dismissal for the reasons stated herein. Il. PROCEDURAL HISTORY On September 11, 2000, the Petitioner was charged in a one-count bill of indictment with conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute a quantity of . . ' - OAC Ble cocaine, in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841 and 846. Bill of conspiracy involved at least 5 kilograms of cocaine. Id. On that same date, Case 1:03-cv-00251 Document11-1 Filed 12/09/2005 Page 3 of 20 3 the Government filed an information noting the Petitioner’s prior felony conviction for possession of drugs. Information pursuant to Title 21, U.S.C. § 851, filed September 11, 2000. On January 12, 2001, the Petitioner was found guilty by jury verdict of the sole count of the indictment. Verdict Sheet, filed January 12, 2001. The verdict sheet contained a special interrogatory pursuant to which the | Jury | four nd the conspiracy invoived at least 5 kilograms oa! clof cocaine. I, “On n August 7, 200%; the undersignee sentenced the: Petitioner to fe mprisonment.’ ! “Judgment i in a Criminal Case, filed september 13, 2001. In imposing this sentence, the undersigned agreed with Petitioner's attorney as to one objection to the presentence report and noted that modification on the Judgment. /d. ‘The Supreme Court held in Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466 (2000), that other than a prior conviction, any fact that increases the penalty for a crime beyond the prescribed statutory maximum must be submitted to the jury and proven beyond a reasonable doubt. Because the indictment specified and the jury found that drug quantity at issue and because the Petitioner hada prior felony drug conviction, the maximum sentence prescribed by the statute was life imprisonment. 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(1)(A)(ii) (“If any person commits such a violation after a prior conviction for a felony drug offense has become final, such person shall be sentenced to a term of imprisonment which may not be less than 20 years and not more than life imprisonment[.]”). Case 1:03-cv-00251 Document11-1 Filed 12/09/2005 Page 4 of 20 4 On July 12, 2002, the United States Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed the Petitioner’s conviction and sentence. United States v. Scott, 40 Fed. Appx. 807 (4" Cir. 2002), cert. denied, 537 U.S. 1140 (2003). In that decision, the Fourth Circuit found the undersigned did not err in admitting evidence of the Petitioner’s affiliation with a street gang or of hotel registrations and telephone records, and did not allow “bolstering” of the testimony of an agent for the Federal Bureau ofsinvestigation. Id. The Girettith sy! Sis also found that the Petitioner was properly sentenced as a career offender and the enhancement for his role in the offense was proper. /d. The Petitioner's petition for a writ of certiorari was denied by the Supreme Court on January 13, 2003. On October 10, 2003, the Petitioner timely filed this motion pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255. In this motion, the Petitioner claims he received ineffective assistance of counsel. Wt = HISCLISSION Site Bhi ta Te ee ee ee ee In considering Petitioner's claims that he has not received adequate assistance of counsel, Case 1:03-cv-00251 Document 11-1 Filed 12/09/2005 Page 5 of 20 3 [flirst, the defendant must show that counsel's performance was deficient. This requires showing that counsel made errors so serious that counsel was not functioning as the "counsel" - guaranteed the defendant by the Sixth Amendment. Second, the defendant must show that the deficient performance prejudiced the defense. This requires showing that counsel's errors were so serious as to deprive the defendant of a fair trial, a trial whose result is reliable. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 686 (1984). Unless a defendant AB on makes Poth showings, nis claim of ineffective assistance of counsel must fail. : ot oe yp wow cir . yo ” =2s tee” “hee ue 0 i. - on, : r Ch it. Bs re ne a9 cE. foe tye whe ot . aan mt . ue PAE: Pies ours fae 2 bag sey 5 = pe 7 a 1! Id. ‘Thus, a defendant must t show that counsel's: Seance fell below objective standards of reasonableness and, that but for his conduct, there was a reasonable probability the result would have been different. id., at 688; Hilly. Lockhart, 474 U.S. 52 (1985); Fields v. Attorney Gen., 956 F.2d 1290 (4th Cir. 1992). If the defendant fails to make the first showing, there is no need to consider the second. Strickland, supra. Petitioner’s first claim is that his trial counsel failed to investigate and obtain evidence to prove that his probationary sentence for a prior conviction was never revoked. The Petitioner’s status as a career criminal, he contends, was erroneously assessed due to this ineffective assistance. The Petitioner does not deny, and did not at sentencing, that he was convicted in 1987 in California for assault with a deadly weapon and sentenced to four years Case 1:03-cv-00251 Document1i-1 Filed 12/09/2005 Page 6 of 20 6 imprisonment with a suspended sentence of five years. Presentence Report, dated April 19, 2001, at 7. The Probation Officer found that the Petitioner's probation was revoked on April 24, 1989, and an active sentence of two years imprisonment was imposed. fd. Because his probationary sentence was revoked, in calculating the Petitioner's criminal history points, the Probation Ofticer counted the pois 2 attributable. to. this sentence. See, mVtn (LER: - USiS.G: §§ 4Al. 1 and AAL.2 21H), Because the Probation Officer counted~ these points, it placed the Petitioner int into 3 a career aftender category. In an effort to avoid this status, the Petitioner claims that his probation was never revoked. It appears, based on documents provided by the Petitioner, however, that he is confused. On October 25, 1986, the Petitioner was arrested in San Joaquin County, California, and charged with first degree murder in the case of California v. Amos Scott, Case No. 39348.° Presentence Report, supra. On July 13, 1987, he pled guilty to a reduced charge of a violation of California Penal Code § 245(a), assault with a deadly “On October 25, 1986, the Petitioner shot and killed Paul Saucier in stockton, California. His co-conspirator in the present case, George McBride, was present when Saucier was killed. | er a a re Case 1:03-cv-00251 Document 11-1 Filed 12/09/2005 Page 7 of 20 7 weapon of force likely to produce great bodily injury, and was sentenced to four years imprisonment, suspended for five years. fd. On March 8, 1989, the Petitioner appeared in state court in California in the case of Ca/ffornia v. Amos Scott, Case No. 44225, in which he was charged with a felony drug violation, possession of rock cocaine. Appendix 1, attached to Petitioner's . 2255 Motion [petitioner's S: + Motion’). The Petitioner: entered: zeuilty pleas to that: charge and ‘Was: s advised by the judge -* that he would be sentenced to a ‘two-year te term of f imprisonment Appendix 2, attached to Petitioner’s Motion. The Petitioner's attorney noted on the record that the plea agreement for the drug charge included a provision that if the Petitioner's probationary sentence in “the 245 case,” /.e., the above case for a violation of California Penal Code §245, assault with a deadly weapon, was revoked due to his conviction for the drug offense, the Petitioner’s prison sentence In Case No. 44225, the drug case, would run concurrently to any active term ultimately to be imposed in “the 245 case,” the assault case. Pp whitwWwi — 9 counsel and the California court anticipated that the Petitioner’s conviction Case 1:03-cv-00251 Document1i-1 Filed 12/09/2005 Page 8 of 20 8 and sentence to two years imprisonment for the drug charge would result in a revocation of his probationary sentence in the assault case. That is, in fact, what occurred, as the documents submitted by the Petitioner show. The Judgment entered on April 24, 1989, sentenced the Petitioner to two years imprisonment for the drug conviction and cross- referenced his assault case, Case No. 39348. Appendix 4 4- > attached fo ce Petitioner's: Motion>: Hisiprobation v was revoked and he was s sentenced toa concurrent term of two years imprisonment on April 24, 1989. The confusion stems from the Petitioner’s misreading of a document issued in May 1992. On May 5, 1992, the Petitioner’s California probation officer issued a report explaining that on June 1, 1989, not April 24, 1989, the officer had mistakenly requested a bench warrant for the Petitioner’s violation of probation in the assault case. Appendix 6, attached to Motion. The request was a mistake because the officer requested a violation. “on the basis of offenses for which the [Petitioner] had already been sentenced to ha state Prison.” fd. In other words, after the Petitioner's probation had alre » - Liaw | HL ne = RE ODd OMe 2 Fa Cai baa £ been revoked due to his conviction for the drug charge, the probation officer mistakenly issued a violation report because he did not know that the Case 1:03-cv-00251 Document11-1 Filed 12/09/2005 Page 9 of 20 9 Petitioner had already been sentenced to two years imprisonment on the drug charge to run concurrently with the sentence for the revoked probationary sentence. Instead of proving that the Petitioner’s probationary sentence was never revoked, the documents provided by the Petitioner prove that it was, In fact, revoked. The Petitioner’s claim of ineffective assistance of counsel on this issue ts, therefore, rejected. opeints wxevcesee” Moreover, thisesame issueswas.raised.and rejected-on.direct.appeal. - The Fourth Circuit noted: Scott next contends that the district court clearly erred in sentencing him as a career offender. Because Scott had prior felony convictions for assault with a deadly weapon and possession of “rock” cocaine, the district court did not clearly err in sentencing him as a career offender. We further conclude that Scott’s claim that he did not receive notice of the assault with a deadly weapon conviction is. meritless. Scott, 40 Fed. Appx. at 808 (internal citations omitted). Since this issue was raised and determined on direct appeal, the Petitioner may not use a collateral attack to relitigate the same claim. United States v. Rush, 99 Fed. th 7 “po ppx. 489, 490 (4 Cir. 2004) (citing > F.2d 1182, 1183 (1976) (issues raised and determined on direct appeal may not be reconsidered by a collateral attack)). nolo tia: : r HLT aay d . “a co “het’ . ve a ge so . als — ‘ou , . . -t a . . . = aun iim en a eer fre ae ie Beye ee at Pe Lt ™ “ - - . a , v Case 1:03-cv-00251 Document 11-1 Filed 12/09/2005 Page 10 of 20 10 The Petitioner next claims that because his probationary sentence was never revoked, he never served an active sentence and, therefore, his assault conviction may not be counted toward career offender status. He also argues, variously, that even if it were revoked, his 1987 conviction is outside the 15 year time period specified in the Sentencing Guidelines. A defendant is.a career offender if (1) the defendant was at least... eighteen years old at the time the defendant committed the - ea instant offense of convictions(2).the instantoffense.of conviction... +. is a felony that is either a crime of violence ora controlled | substance offense, and (3) the defendant has at least two prior felony convictions of either a crime of viclence or a controled substance offense. U.S.S.G. § 4B1.1. “Prior felony conviction’ means a prior adult federal or state conviction for an offense punishable by death or imprisonment for a term exceeding one year, regardless of whether such offense ts specifically designated as a felony and regardless of the actual sentence imposed.” U.S.S.G. § 4B1.2, comment. (n.i). However, if the prior sentence was suspended, it does not count. U.S.S.G. § 4A1.2(b)(2) (“If part of a sentence bi . ended, “sentence of im a i? nce of imprisonment” refers only BERR EWE ER awit EEF O i 1) af ImMnAricCANnmMmant wac cHuchn Oe anEiRel PUP ERE EERE ER FRC SOE ¥ au ‘ the portion that was not suspended.”). Thus, the Petitioner's 1987 assault conviction would not qualify as a prior felony conviction because It was a _., rejected, pe Ete. EleWiee Op tists: »~s>Petitioner makes the same claim of ineffective assistance against his’. 3.00.6 Case 1:03-cv-00251 Document11-1 Filed 12/09/2005 Page 11 of 20 1} suspended sentence. United States v. Romary, 246 F.3d 339, 342-43 (4" Cir. 2001). However, when that suspended sentence was later revoked in 1989 and the two year sentence imposed, the original conviction then qualified as a prior adult felony conviction imposed within 15 years of the 1999 commencement of this offense. /d. Thus, this argument as well is appellate counsel, using the same arguments. For the reasons stated infra, that Cla m as well is dismissed. Some months after the Petitioner filed his § 2255 motion, he submitted for filing an affidavit from his trial counsel, Andrew Banzhoff, in which Mr. Banzhoff averred as follows: | relied upon the representations in the [presentence] report, and did not independently review the judgment in [the California] case. Furthermore, | had no reason at that time to doubt the validity of the representation in the report. | did not file an objection to the use of this conviction, because rr tT] 7 Z = a : i i my review of the guideline provisions indicated that if the probation was revoked as stated, that there were no legitimate grounds for attacking the conviction. Case 1:03-cv-00251 Document11-1 Filed 12/09/2005 Page 12 of 20 12 [Hl]ad | been aware of the possible dispute regarding the probation revocation, | would have filed an objection to the conviction. [I]t is my belief that. . . the only way the conviction could be used were if the probation was revoked and a sentence in excess of one year and one month was actually imposed. Appendix 10, Affidavit of Andrew Banzhoff, attached to Petitioner’s Amendment and Supplemental Petition pursuant to Title 28 U.S.C. 2255 . and F. R. Civil P. Rule 15, filed December 2, 2003 (footnote added). oMr. i — et Banzhoff.v was not ineffective. in relying: on thes tepresentations in In the. presentence report. Taylor v. United States, 2005 WL 1950 148, **2 (W.D. Va. 2005) (failure to object was not ineffective assistance of counsel because enhancement was correct). And, more to the point, the Probation Officer was correct; the Petitioner’s suspended sentence was, in fact, revoked, as the documents he has placed before the Court disclose. Thus, assuming arguendo that Mr. Banzhoff was ineffective, the Petitioner suffered no prejudice. Daniels v. United States, 532 U.S. 374, 376 (2001) (With the _ sole exception of the right to counsel, a federal prisoner may not attack a atn sta a | 1 mms * aarm el in nhan at oT + | tn wl nw | aot re. ee aL nen a noe ben _ ale Siate CONVICTION USed tO erninance a reqerai sentence LEEVUSTIE & °Mr. Banzhoff, did, however alert the Court to the fact that the Petitioner thought the report “inaccurately represent[ed] the nature of the offense and the actual sentence” in the objections which he filed to the presentence report. Case 1:03-cv-00251 Document17t-1 Filed 12/09/2005 Page 13 of 20 13 motion pursuant to § 2255.); United States v. Gadsen, 332 F.3d 224, 22/- 28 (4" Cir. 2003); McCarthy v. United States, 320 F.3d 1230 (11" Cir. 2003). Petitioner next claims that trial counsel was ineffective because he did not object to the form of the verdict sheet which contained an interrogatory _ pursuant.to which the Jury found the conspiracy involved at least five 0. Be. oni REELS Ty as Kil ogra ms of coca ine. The-jury;"he a rBues, should:havefouncthe amoun tiOfieres ee. . - drugs with which the Petitioner himself was involved. The bill of indictment charged that the “conspiracy involved at least five kilograms” of cocaine. Bill of Indictment, supra. The Verdict Sheet contained the following: As to the charge contained in the Bill of Indictment, do you find the Defendant, Amos Junior Scott - _ GUILTY: NOT GUILTY: lf you find the Defendant guilty of the charge contained in the indictment, then answer the next issue... . Ae tn tha charaqa rantainad in tha Rill af Indictm FAS LU LTS Clare CUPL ibF UHI Oil OF I MOL nt cid th aie ag OTIC mee: conspiracy described tn the indictment involve a (D rT 3 least five kilograms of a mixture or substance containing a detectable amount of cocaine? YES: NO: Case 1:03-cv-00251 Document 11-1 Filed 12/09/2005 Page 14 of 20 14 Verdict Sheet, filed January 12, 2001. The jury answered “Guilty” and “Yes.” The Petitioner's sentence, therefore, did not violate Apprendi or Blakely v. Washington, 542 U.S. 296 (2004), because, first, the indictment contained the amount of cocaine at issue and, second, the verdict sheet also contained a specific finding as to drug amount. Petitioner claims the Jury should have:found the amount of drugs attributable to his personal conduct . .... se... Suu. . “teee.-instead-of that-attributable to the conspitacys?° =. (SEMESTER seks lend Snel Gael a Sag RY Apprendi requires the jury only to set the “maximum sentence ([i.e., the] ceiling)” under which each coconspirator’s sentence must fall. The judge, however, may determine the “fioor” by finding the precise drug quantity attributable to each co- conspirator. The jury ts not required to make individualized findings as to each coconspirator because “[t]he sentencing judge’s findings do not, because they cannot, have the effect of increasing an tndividual defendant’s exposure beyond the Statutory maximum justified by the jury's guilty verdict.” Booker’ does not alter the well-established rule that a finding of drug type and quantity for the conspiracy as a whole sets the maximum sentence that each coconspirator can constitutionally be given. Therefore, the practice outlined above is entirely consistent with Apprendi and Booker because the jury sets the applicable “statutory maximum” by determining the type and quantity of drugs attributed to the conspiracy as a whole while the judge’s findings have the effect only of potentially decreasing an individual defendant’s sentence. “United States v. Booker, 125 S. Ct. 738 (2005). Case 1:03-cv-00251 Document 11-1 Filed 12/09/2005 Page 15 of 20 15 United States v. Stiger, 413 F.3d 1185, 1192-93 (10" Cir. 2005) (quoting United States v. Knight, 342 F.3d 697, 711 (7" Cir. 2003) (other internal citations omitted) (footnote added): accord, United States v. Mercado frizarry, 404 F.3d 497, 503 (1° Cir. 2005) (“[T]he maximum statutory penalty available to the district court at sentencing for a defendant convicted of a drug conspiracy.is based on the drug quantity and amount reflected in ait see the jury: verdict attributable to the conspifa¢y‘as'a whole:”); United States viy ve. ac. Casiano, 133 Fed. Appx. 791, 796 (2d Cir. 2005): United States v. Odman, 47 Fed. Appx. 221, 223 (4" Cir. 2002). The Petitioner's next argument is rejected for a similar reason. He claims that he was entitled to have his role in the conspiracy found by the jury beyond a reasonable doubt. However, the Petitioner’s sentence did not exceed the statutory maximum and thus, any enhancements found by the undersigned at sentencing did not offend Apprendi, Blakely, or Booker. United States v. Jimenez, 142 Fed. Appx. 685 (4" Cir. 2005), it) AF PRES rm fie aealel idtieawmt «are em ee In July 2004, the Petitioner moved to “add additional support to initial 22955 motion and expand the record.” The undersigned ailowed the filing of two additional pleadings after the initial motion; the December 2, 2003. oa Case 1:03-cv-00251 Document11-1 Filed 12/09/2005 Page 16 of 20 16 amendment and the January 16, 2004, motion to amend. Technically, only the December 2003 filing should have been allowed. Fed. R. Civ. P. 15(a) (“A party may amend the party’s pleading once as a matter of course at any time before a responsive pleading is served[.] Otherwise a party may amend the party’s pleading only be leave of court[.]”); Whab v. United Siates, 408 F.3d 116, 119 (2d. Cirz:2005). A prisoner attacking his sentence ts not tapout a's» antitledete. continuously add-new grounds while the’petition‘is:pending. Ids, at *- 0.00 ee n.2. Allowing a motion to amend “should not be misconstrued as providing a free pass to prisoners to file numerous petitions before an initially filed petition is finally adjudicated on the merits. Traditional doctrines, such as abuse of the writ, continue to apply.” /d. Otherwise, the statute of limitations provision contained within the statute would be meaningless. Burns v. United States, 2005 WL 2656095 (11" Cir. 2005). In any event, the issues raised are merely repetitions of the claims previously submitted and are rejected for the same reasons. ~ Eahriian; 2 OOM tha Feprmlary 5, ZUUO,7 Ine fm’ > VE! T tr tobe LIL original petition, raising Apprendi, Blakely and Booker as grounds for relief. The Petitioner’s sentence, which does not exceed the prescribed statutory Case 1:03-cv-00251 Document 11-1 Filed 12/09/2005 Page 17 of 20 1/7 maximum sentence of life imprisonment, does not violate the proscriptions of Apprendi. United States v. Bradford, 7 Fed. Appx. 222, 223 n.* (4" Cir. 2001) (citing United States v. White, 238 F.3d 537, 542 (4° Cir. 2001)). In Blakely, decided in June 2004, the Supreme Court held that Washington State’s statutory sentencing scheme violated Apprendi because the sentencing court used aggravating factors;.to.which the defendant had. not stipulated In bh eye yey _. his plea-a sre pment; to-enhance-the:defendant’s sentence: above-the«-. - | | - ber ebbpac , re sentencing euideline range. Blakely does not apply retroactively to convictions that were final at the time that case was decided.° United States vy. Price, 400 F.3d 844 (10" Cir. 2005); Varela v. United States, 400 F.3d 864 (11" Cir. 2005). Cooper-Smith v. Palmateer, 397 F.3d 1236 (9" Cir. 2005): Green v. United States, 397 F.3d 101, 103 (2d Cir. 2005); United States v. Marshall, 117 Fed. Appx. 269 (4" Cir. 2004). In Booker, the Supreme Court held that the United States Sentencing © Guidelines, as a mandatory sentencing procedure, are unconstitutional but +1 L + 1 nat th f / b ney May | nd rt cyst t e used as an advisory guide by sentencing courts. Every circuit court which has addressed the issue of whether Booker may be applied “The Supreme Court declined to allow the Petitioner's motion for a writ of certiorari on January 13, 2003. Case 1:03-cv-00251 Document 11-1 Filed 12/09/2005 Page 18 of 20 18 retroactively to cases on collateral review has held that Booker is not retroactive. United States v. Cruz, 423 F.3d 1119 (9" Cir. 2005): United States v. Bellamy, 411 F.3d 1182 (10" Cir. 2005): Lioyd v. United States, 407 F.3d 608 (3d Cir. 2005); Guzman v. United States, 404 F.3d 139 (2d Cir. 2005); Varela, supra; Humphress v. United States, 398 F.3d 855 (6" Cir. 2005); McReynolds v..United. States, 397 F.3d 479, 481 (7" Cir.), cert. tense ties denied, y 4125'S. Ct..2559 (2005)-(“We conclude, then;that Booker does not’: ' apply retroactively to criminal cases that became final before its release on January 12, 2005.”); In re Anderson, 396 F.3d 1336, 1339 (11" Cir. 2005); United States v. Johnson, 2005 WL 2705818, **1 n.2 (4" Cir. 2005). IV. ORDER iT IS, THEREFORE, ORDERED that the Petitioner’s motions to supplement or amend his § 2255 motion filed December 2, 2003, January 16, 2004, and February 3, 2005, are ALLOWED: the Petitioner’s motion to add additional support and expand the record filed July 20, 2004, is DENIED. iw] m7 et be BT oo mo = Ege: or weet “Hgebr - ae ™ . ah laa i an vg fe wih . COON REM ny ca. \ are ars 7 Case 1:03-cv-00251 Document 11-1 Filed 12/09/2005 Page 19 of 20 19 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Petitioner’s motion to vacate, set aside, or correct sentence pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255 is hereby DENIED. A Judgment dismissing this action ts filed herewith. Case 1:03-cv-00251 Document11-1 Filed 12/09/2005 Page 20 of 20 20 Signed: November 7, 2005 Lacy H. Thornburg United States District Judge
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