In the Interest of C.G., Minor Child

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 19-0656
Filed June 5, 2019

IN THE INTEREST OF C.G.,
Minor Child,

B.M., Father,
Appellant.
________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Scott County, Christine Dalton,

District Associate Judge.

The father appeals the termination of his parental rights to his child.

AFFIRMED.

Timothy J. Tupper of Tupper Law Firm, Davenport, for appellant father.

Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Anna T. Stoeffler, Assistant

Attorney General, for appellee State.

Brenda Drew-Peeples of Drew-Peeples Law Firm, Davenport, guardian ad

litem for minor child.

Considered by Potterfield, P.J., and Doyle and May, JJ.
2

POTTERFIELD, Presiding Judge.

The father appeals the termination of his parental rights to his child, C.G.,

born in June 2016.1 The juvenile court terminated the father’s parental rights

pursuant to Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(d) and (h) (2018). He maintains the

State failed to prove the statutory grounds by clear and convincing evidence,

termination is not in the child’s best interests, and a permissive factor weighs

against severing the parent-child relationship.

We review termination proceedings de novo. In re H.S., 805 N.W.2d 737,

745 (Iowa 2011). When the juvenile court terminates on more than one statutory

ground, we may affirm on any ground we find supported by clear and convincing

evidence. In re A.B., 815 N.W.2d 764, 774 (Iowa 2012). Here, we choose to

consider paragraph (h), which allows the juvenile court to terminate parental

rights when all of the following are true:

(1) The child is three years of age or younger.
(2) The child has been adjudicated a child in need of
assistance pursuant to section 232.96.
(3) The child has been removed from the physical custody of
the child’s parents for at least six months of the last twelve months,
or for the last six consecutive months and any trial period at home
has been less than thirty days.
(4) There is clear and convincing evidence that the child
cannot be returned to the custody of the child’s parents as provided
in section 232.102 at the present time.

Iowa Code § 232.116(1)(h). The father challenges only the fourth element—

whether C.G. could be returned to his care at the time of the termination hearing.

See In re D.W., 791 N.W.2d 703, 707 (Iowa 2010) (interpreting “at the present

time” to mean at the time of the termination hearing).

1
The mother’s parental rights were also terminated. She does not appeal.
3

The father has appropriate housing, seems generally able to provide for

C.G.’s needs, and has positively engaged in therapy and an anger-management

course. However, it is not clear the father is free of illegal substances.

C.G. was in the father’s care for less than four months2 when DHS

became concerned in January 2018 that he was using illegal substances while

caring for her. The father began exhibiting behavioral indicators of using drugs—

being extremely fidgety, unable to focus, and scratching his arms—and a service

provider witnessed the father engage in what the provider believed was a drug

deal. When DHS asked to drug test both the father and C.G., the father refused

and denied use of illegal substances. The court then ordered both C.G. and the

father to undergo drug testing. The father’s urinalysis (UA) came back negative

for illegal substances, but the father removed the sweat patch that was placed on

him. See In re A.W., No. 18-0382, 2018 WL 2084913, at *2 (Iowa Ct. App. May

2, 2018) (considering expert testimony from a forensic toxicologist who testified

“a sweat-patch test is designed to detect smaller amounts of drugs than UAs”

and generally tests for drug use over a longer period of time). C.G. tested

positive for methamphetamine and marijuana, which the father was unable to

explain. The court ordered C.G.’s removal from the father’s care.

Since then, the father refused or failed to comply with every random drug

test requested by DHS. At the termination trial, he offered general, conclusory

2
C.G. came to the attention of the Iowa Department of Human Service (DHS) when she
was born with THC in her system. She was adjudicated a child in need of assistance in
June 2017 as a result of mother’s use of marijuana around her. At that time, C.G. was in
the sole care of the mother and the father was not involved. After C.G. was removed
from the mother’s care, the father made contact with DHS and began visits with the
child. C.G. was placed in the father’s care in October 2017.
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statements that he was unable to test when asked, but he did not provide specific

reasons; he admitted he had his own transportation and was not working during

at least some of the testing windows. The father provided DHS and the court

with negative results from a few UAs he undertook on his own between the

removal of C.G. and the final day of the termination hearing in February 2019,

but there is no indication those tests were random. He testified he was not using

illegal substances and that substance abuse was not an issue for him. But the

court, in what we understand to be a credibility finding, stated in its written ruling:

Random testing was intended to show [the father] was telling the
truth when he claimed he was not currently using drugs. His
refusal to do any testing, even when able to go to the testing
center, is evidence he believed the test would be positive. The
Court is hard pressed to accept any other explanation for refusing
to test.

The father’s credibility regarding his use of illegal substances is further called into

question when we consider the reports from DHS. At one point, the father

admitted to occasional drug use as recently as October 2016. But he later

reported his last use of illegal substances was nine years prior. This statement is

contradicted by the mother’s admission to DHS that she and the father have

used illegal substances together. Moreover, the father’s resistance to drug

testing and completing a substance-abuse evaluation have persisted throughout

his involvement with DHS—even when he became more compliant in other areas

of the case plan. When the father did complete a substance-abuse evaluation in

June 2018, the evaluator recommended outpatient treatment and diagnosed the

father with methamphetamine use disorder, mild. The father never participated

in a treatment program.
5

We cannot say C.G. would be safe from further adjudicatory harm if she

was returned to the father’s care. See In re M.M.S., 483 N.W.2d 812, 814 (Iowa

1992) (“[A] child cannot be returned to the parent under Iowa Code section

232.102 if by doing so the child would be exposed to any harm amounting to a

new child in need of assistance adjudication. The threat of probable harm will

justify termination.”); see also Iowa Code § 232.116(1)(h)(4). We agree with the

juvenile court that the statutory grounds for termination pursuant to section

232.116(1)(h) have been met.

Next, the father combines his argument regarding C.G.’s best interests,

see Iowa Code § 232.116(2), and the court’s power to apply a permissive factor

to save the parent-child relationship, see id. § 232.116(3). He maintains he and

the child are so bonded that termination of his rights would be detrimental to the

child. See id. § 232.116(3)(c). He also argues that her lack of strong bond with

her foster family weighs in his favor. See id. § 232.116(2)(b). We decline to

consider C.G.’s bond or integration with her foster family in support of the father’s

claim, as C.G. was removed from the home of her first foster family—with whom

she was very close—because the father engaged in threatening behavior toward

them. And while we agree that C.G. is bonded with her father, the father has not

demonstrated that termination of his rights will be detrimental to C.G. See In re

A.S., 906 N.W.2d 467, 476 (Iowa 2018) (providing that once the State proves a

statutory ground for termination, “the parent resisting termination has the burden

to establish an exception to termination under” section 232.116(3)); see also In re

K.M., 653 N.W.2d 602, 606 (Iowa 2002) (“Any detriment [the child] will suffer as a

result of the severance of the parental bonds is more than outweighed by the
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benefits that will accrue from her placement in a safe, stable, and support

environment”).

Because the statutory grounds for termination have been proved by clear

and convincing evidence, termination is in C.G.’s best interests, and no

permissive factor weighs against severing the parent-child relationship, we affirm.

AFFIRMED.