In the Interest of M.S., Minor Child

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 19-1673
Filed July 1, 2020

IN THE INTEREST OF M.S.,
Minor Child,

S.R., Mother,
Petitioner-Appellee,

C.S., Father,
Respondent-Appellant.
________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Marion County, Dustria A. Relph,

Judge.

The father appeals the termination of his parental rights in a chapter 600A

(2017) termination action. AFFIRMED.

Blake D. Lubinus of Lubinus & Merrill, P.L.C., Des Moines, for appellant

father.

Mark Simons of Simons Law Firm, PLC, West Des Moines, for appellee

mother.

A. Edie Bogaczyk of Bogaczyk Law Firm, PLC, Clive, attorney and guardian

ad litem for minor child.

Considered by Tabor, P.J., and May and Greer, JJ.
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GREER, Judge.

The father appeals the termination of his parental rights to his child, ten-

year-old M.S., in an Iowa Code chapter 600A (2017) termination action. The

district court found the father had abandoned M.S. pursuant to section

600A.8(3)(b), and termination of the father’s rights was in M.S.’s best interests.

The father challenges each of those conclusions on appeal.

We review private termination proceedings de novo. In re B.H.A., 938

N.W.2d 227, 232 (Iowa 2020). “Although we are not bound by them, we give

weight to the trial court’s findings of fact, especially when considering credibility of

witnesses.” Id. (citation omitted). “The Iowa legislature requires the best interest

of the child ‘to be the paramount consideration in interpreting’ the private

termination of parental rights.” Id. (quoting Iowa Code § 600A.1). But “[t]he

parents’ interest must also be given due consideration.” Id.

“Private termination proceedings under Iowa Code chapter 600A are a two-

step process.” Id. First, we must determine if the petitioning parent proved

grounds for termination. Id. Then, if those grounds are proved, we must consider

whether termination of the parent’s rights is in the child’s best interests. Id. The

petitioning parent must prove both steps by clear and convincing evidence for the

court to order termination of parental rights. Id.

Here, the juvenile court found the father abandoned M.S., as provided for

under section 600A.8(3)(b), which allows for termination based upon

abandonment, and provides:

[A] parent is deemed to have abandoned the child unless the parent
does all of the following:
....
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b. If the child is six months of age or older when the
termination hearing is held, a parent is deemed to have abandoned
the child unless the parent maintains substantial and continuous or
repeated contact with the child as demonstrated by contribution
toward support of the child of a reasonable amount, according to the
parent’s means, and as demonstrated by any of the following:
(1) Visiting the child at least monthly when physically and
financially able to do so and when not prevented from doing so by
the person having lawful custody of the child.
(2) Regular communication with the child or with the person
having the care or custody of the child, when physically and
financially unable to visit the child or when prevented from visiting
the child by the person having lawful custody of the child.
(3) Openly living with the child for a period of six months within
the one-year period immediately preceding the termination of
parental rights hearing and during that period openly holding himself
or herself out to be the parent of the child.

These parents were divorced in January 2016. Pursuant to their stipulated

decree, the mother had physical care of M.S. and the father had scheduled

visitation time every other weekend. But visitations between father and child were

sparse. At the time of trial in August 2019, visitation between the father and child

had last occurred in October 2016.

Primarily because of the father’s minimal contact with the child between

2016 and 2017, the father’s parental rights to M.S. were terminated in a 2017

termination proceeding. Our court reversed that termination in In re M.S., No. 17-

1174, 2018 WL 4627819, at *3 (Iowa Ct. App. Sept. 26, 2018), after deciding the

father had not been adequately informed of his right to counsel. We remanded the

case to the district court with instructions the father should be properly served, with

proof of service placed in the record, “prior to any rehearing on the merits of the

petition to terminate [his] parental rights.” M.S., 2018 WL 4627819, at *3. The

father’s rights were reinstated by way of this court’s reversal of the 2017

termination, but the father still did not have any contact with M.S. between the
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reinstatement in October 2018 and the second termination hearing in August 2019.

It is unclear whether the father was allowed to have contact with the child during

this time.1 At least once during the pendency of the first termination case, in 2016,

the court in the dissolution proceedings suspended the father’s right to visitation

after M.S. alleged the father had shown her videos of the father and stepmother

engaging in sexual acts. But his right to visitation was reinstated in August 2016.

We have no knowledge or record of any order that prevented the father from having

contact with M.S. once our court reversed the termination of the father’s parental

rights in September 2018. Testimony at the August 2019 termination hearing

indicated the father had filed a motion in the dissolution case in November 2018 to

have his right to visitation reinstated, which the mother resisted, but apparently that

motion had not yet been heard as of the 2019 termination hearing. 2

1 Our review is hindered by the fact that these parents were apparently litigating
their respective rights to the child—including the father’s right to visitation with
M.S.—in both the termination case and in the dissolution case. But neither party
asked the termination court to take judicial notice of the dissolution case, so we
have only passing knowledge of the state of the dissolution case as it pertains to
the termination hearing.
2 The father inappropriately included his motion to reinstate and the mother’s

resistance in the appendix on appeal. These filings were never admitted as
exhibits in the termination proceedings and neither party asked the termination
court to take judicial notice of the dissolution proceedings, so they are not properly
part of the record before this court on appeal. See Iowa R. App. P. 6.801 (“Only
the original documents and exhibits filed in the district court case from which the
appeal is taken, the transcript of proceedings, if any, and a certified copy of the
related docket and court calendar entries prepared by the clerk of the district court
constitute the record on appeal.” (emphasis added)); In re M.M., 483 N.W.2d 812,
815 (Iowa 1992) (“We limit our review to the record made in the termination
proceeding involving [the child in interest].”); In re Marriage of Keith, 513 N.W.2d
769, 771 (Iowa Ct. App. 1994) (“[C]ounsel has referred to matters apparently not
a part of the record of this appeal. We admonish counsel to refrain from such
violations of the rules of appellate procedure. We are limited to the record before
us and any matters outside the record on appeal are disregarded.”). We have not
considered these filings in making our ruling. See generally Iowa R. App. P. 6.905
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Based on the record before us, the father had a right to visit the child from

the August 2016 reinstatement of his right to visitation in the dissolution court until

the July 2017 order terminating his parental rights. He again had the right to visit

the child from at least the time procedendo issued on our ruling reversing the

termination of his rights—in October 2018—until the district court issued the

second termination of his rights in September 2019. But the father saw the child

only two times during those periods: during an August 2016 visitation and again in

October 2016, when the mother brought the child to the funeral of the paternal

grandfather. Now, on appeal, the father urges us to conclude his lack of contact

with the child is the mother’s fault because she did not want him to spend time with

the child. But the father offered no evidence that he attempted to see the child

more and was thwarted by the mother.3 And he admitted he did not file a contempt

action against the mother to have his right to visitation enforced. See In re W.W.,

826 N.W.2d 706, 710–11 (Iowa Ct. App. 2012) (finding lack of contact with the

children constituted abandonment where parent failed to pursue legal options to

institute visitation). While his November 2018 motion to reinstate visitation may be

understood as an attempt to use legal means to enforce his right to visitation, that

motion had not yet been heard nearly one year later because, according to the

(providing how to include parts of the district court record in an appendix for
appeal).
3 The father and his current wife testified as to some instances when he traveled

to pick up the child and the mother did not bring her to the drop off point. However,
the guardian ad litem (GAL) testified the father had never made this claim before,
and the termination court did not find the father’s claim credible. We agree with
this finding. Additionally, we note these purported instances all appear to be prior
to the 2017 termination. They would not explain the father’s lack of contact
following the reversal of the termination his rights.
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father’s testimony, he had some concern about being held in contempt for failing

to pay the mother’s legal fees as ordered in a previous proceeding.

Based on this record, we agree with the juvenile court that the father failed

to visit M.S. at least monthly during the times he was allowed to do so. The father

abandoned M.S. pursuant to section 600A.8(3)(b).

Next, we consider whether termination of the father’s parental rights is in

M.S.’s best interests. In private terminations, we consider the best-interests

definition provided by the legislature in section 600A.1 and also “borrow[] from the

statutory best-interest framework outlined in Iowa Code chapter 232.” B.H.A., 938

N.W.2d at 232. The chapter 232 framework directs this court to “give primary

consideration to the child’s safety, to the best placement for furthering the long-

term nurturing and growth of the child, and to the physical, mental, and emotional

condition and needs of the child.” Iowa Code § 232.116(2).

M.S. is a child who has suffered trauma, even before the dissolution of her

parents’ marriage and any of the incidents that followed, and she has extra needs

for some of her mental and behavioral issues. To that end, M.S. sees a number

of professionals, including a therapist M.S. has seen since 2014 and a pediatric

nurse practitioner who works in behavioral health. The nurse practitioner testified

at trial that M.S. “didn’t want to see her father again. She was afraid of him. She

told me that he touched her inappropriately. That’s how she said it, and she just

didn’t want anything to do with him and she was afraid of him.” The GAL, who met

with M.S. first in May of 2017 and then again in August 2019, testified that M.S. is

a much happier, more self-confident child in 2019 than she was in 2017. The GAL
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seemed to attribute this to the lack of contact M.S. has had with the father, and

she supported the termination of the father’s parental rights.

The district court concluded, “In this case, the court has no question as to

whether it is in [M.S.’s] best interest to terminate her father’s parental rights. The

heavy, heavy preponderance of the evidence was clear and convincing that

[M.S.’s] relationship with her father is unhealthy and downright harmful to her.” We

agree that termination of the father’s rights is in M.S.’s best interests.

AFFIRMED.