Barna v. Evanston Insurance Company

STATE OF MAINE SUPERIOR COURT
YORK,ss CIVIL ACTION
DOCKET NO. CV-21-008

JASON BARNA and SHANNON
BARNA,

Plaintiffs
ORDER ON DEFENDANT'S MOTION
V. FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT

EVANSTON INSURANCE
COMPANY,

Defendant

Before the court is defendant Evanston Insurance Company's motion for summary

judgment. For the following reasons, the motion is granted.

Background

This case arises out of alleged negligence of defendant Evanston's insured, H&M

Transportation, when H&M delivered and installed a refrigerator at plaintiffs Jason Barna and

Shannon Bama's property at 8 Saw grass Lane, Eliot, Maine. (Def.'s S.M.F. lflf 1, 3, 4.) Plaintiffs

allege that H&M negligently installed the refrigerator by failing to secure properly a water line

and that plaintiffs sustained property damage. (Id. lflf 5-6 .)

On or about August 15, 2019, defendant Evanston received notice of the incident. (Jd. lf

12.) Defendant Evanston investigated the claim and issued a liability denial letter to plaintiffs on

October 2, 2019. (Jd. lf 13.) On February 25, 2020, defendant Evanston received a letter from

counsel retained by MMG Insurance Company, plaintiffs' insurer, which included a subrogation

demand. (Id. lf 14.) Counsel demanded that defendant Evanston, as H&M's insurer, pay the

$22,307.69 that MMG paid to plaintiffs following the incident. (Id.) Counsel included a copy of

the proposed complaint, which was not signed or dated. (Pls.' Add. S.M.F. lf 2.).

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Defendant Evanston and MMG's counsel communicated by email after the demand letter

was received. On February 28, 2020, defendant Evanston advised counsel that it stood by its denial

of liability. (Def.'s S.M.F. lf 15.) On that date, MMG's counsel advised that MMG "will simply

file a lawsuit and commence litigation against H&M here in Maine." (Jd. lf 16.) On March 30,

2020, MMG's counsel requested a response to the demand. (Jd. lf 17.) On that date, defendant

Evanston responded that it stood by its denial of liability and requested a copy of the complaint if

litigation was pursued. (Jd. lf 18.) On March 31, 2020, MMG's counsel replied, "[w]e do intend

to pursue litigation." (Pis.' Add. S.M.F. lf 1, Exhibit A.)'

On or about July 2, 2020, plaintiffs filed their complaint against H&M in the York County

Superior Court. (Def.'s S .M.F. lf 7 .) H&M failed to file a timely answer to the complaint and was

defaulted on July 17, 2020. (Id. lflf 9-10.) On August 20, 2020, a default judgment was entered

against H&M in the amount of $22,307.69 plus interest and costs. (Jd. lf 11; Pls.' Add. S.M.F. lf

11.) On August 22, 2020, plaintiffs notified defendant Evanston of the default and demanded

payment of the judgment. (Def.'s S.M.F. lf 24.) Defendant Evanston did not receive a copy of the

filed complaint against H&M or notice the complaint had been filed. (Jd. lflf 19-20.) Defendant

Evanston was not notified that a motion for default had been filed, that a default had been entered,

or that a motion for default judgment had been filed against H&M. (Jd. lflf 21-23.)

, Plaintiffs' additional fact, that "counsel for Plaintiffs infonned Carolyn Rothlisberger that Plaintiffs were pursuing
litigation against her insured" and the statement in Mr. Johnson's affidavit that "Carol Rothlisberger was informed a
lawsuit was being filed against H&M Transportation" are not supported by the record reference. In the email
correspondence between counsel for MMG and Ms. Rothlisberger, counsel for MMG states: "[i]f you intend to deny
liability, however, we will simply file a lawsuit and commence litigation against H&M here in Maine," "[i]f I do not
receive a response to this email by Wednesday, April 8, 2020 we are going to move forward with the lawsuit," and
"[w]e do intend to pursue litigation." (Pls.'s Add. S.M.F. ~ 1; Def.'s Reply S.M.F. ~ 1; Ex. A, Johnson Aff.)

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Plaintiffs filed the current reach and apply action on January 13, 2021 and seeks to enforce

against defendant Evanston the default judgment entered against H&M. Defendant Evanston filed

this motion for summary judgment on January 25, 2021.

Standard

Summary judgment is granted to a moving party where "there is no genuine issue as to any

material fact" and the moving party "is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." M.R. Civ. P.

56(c). "A material fact is one that can affect the outcome of the case, and there is a genuine issue

when there is sufficient evidence for a fact-finder to choose between competing versions of the

fact." Lougee Conservancy v. City Mortgage, Inc., 2012 ME 103, lJ 11, 48 A.3d 774 (quotation

omitted).

"Facts contained in a supporting or opposing statement of material facts, if supported by

record citations as required by this rule, shall be deemed admitted unless properly controverted."

M.R. Civ. P. 56(h)(4). In order to controvert an opposing party's factual statement, a party must

"support each denial or qualification by a record citation." M.R. Civ. P. 56(h)(2). "Assertion of

material facts must be supported by record references to evidence that is of a quality that would be

admissible at trial." HSBC Mortg. Servs. v. Murphy, 2011 ME 59, lJ 9, 19 A.3d 815.

Discussion

The record on this summary judgment motion is largely uncontested. The parties dispute

whether defendant Evanston received adequate notice to satisfy the requirements of section 2904.

24-A M.R.S. § 2904 (2020).

Section 2904 provides that a party may bring an action to have insurance money applied to

the satisfaction of a judgment by bringing a civil action against an insurer "if when the right of

action accrued, the judgment debtor was insured against such liability and if before the recovery

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of the judgment the insurer had had notice of such accident, injury or damage." 24-A M.R.S. §

2904. The Law Court has held that due process requires that the insurer be given notice of the

accident, injury or damage "at a meaningful time in the proceedings." Michaud v. Mutual Fire,

Marine & Inland Ins. Co., 505 A.2d 786, 790 (Me. 1986).

Due process does not require that the insurer be notified before any substantial steps are

taken in litigation under this statute. In Michaud v. Mutual Fire, Marine & Inland Ins. Co., Mutual

learned of the pendency of the malpractice action against its insured after default as to liability was

entered. Id. at 787. Mutual was notified of the hearing on damages but chose not to participate.

Id. A judgment in the amount of $383,899.12 was entered in favor of the plaintiff and against

Mutual's insured. Id. A reach and apply action was filed against Mutual to satisfy the judgment

through insurance proceeds. Id.

The Law Court held in Michaud that notice after a default had been entered, but before the

default became a final judgment after a hearing on damages, was sufficient to provide due process

because the default could have been set aside by a showing of good cause. Id. at 790. The law

does not favor defaults and a request to set aside a default is considered with any doubt resolved

in favor of a trial on the merits. Id. at 791. The Michaud court emphasized that no final judgment

had been entered when the insurer received notice of the lawsuit. Id. at 790. The insurer, therefore,

did not have "to contend with the considerations in the law favoring the finality of judgments."

Id.; M.R. Civ. P. 60(b). The Michaud court stated:

In determining whether [the insurer] received notice at a time when it had a
meaningful opportunity to defend, it is necessary to decide whether the award of
default judgment as to liability constituted an interlocutory entry of default to be
set aside upon a showing of good cause or a final default judgment that could only
be set aside in accordance with M.R. Civ. P. 60(b).

Michaud, 505 A.2d at 790.

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In MacDowell v. MMG Ins. Co., an action for negligence was filed against MMG's insured,

who failed to respond. MacDowell v. MMG Ins. Co., 2007 ME 56, ,- 4,920 A.2d 1044. A default

judgment was entered. Id. One month later, MMG became aware of the default judgment and

moved to remove entry of default. Id. The motion was denied. Id. After a hearing on damages,

in which MMG participated on behalf of its insured,judgment of $124,874.96 was entered against

the insured. Id. A reach and apply action was filed against MMG to satisfy the judgment. Id.,­

5. The court granted a summary judgment in favor of plaintiff and against MMG. Id. The

judgment was subsequently reduced to the $100,000.00 policy limit, plus interest and costs. Id.,­

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The MacDowall court concluded that MMG had received due process because it had

received meaningful opportunities to remove the default and contest damages. Id. ,- 14. The

MacDowall court concluded that Michaud had determined "what procedural moment is

'meaningful."' Id.,- 8. The facts that the insurer did not participate in the hearing on damages

after notice in Michaud and the insurer did participate unsuccessfully after notice in MacDowall

was not of consequence to the MacDowall court. Id. ,- 11. The court focused on whether MMG

received due process, which turned on whether MMG had a meaningful opportunity to participate,

and not whether MMG was successful in its participation. Id.,-,- 13-14.

The Barna case presents the second set of circumstances contemplated in Michaud and

MacDowall. See Michaud, 505 A.2d at 790; see also MacDowall, 2007 ME 56, ,- 9,920 A.2d

1044. The first notice defendant Evanston had that a lawsuit had been filed against H&M was on

August 22, 2020, when defendant Evanston was notified that a default judgment in the amount of

$22,307.69 had been entered against H&M and payment was demanded. Prior to that date,

defendant Evanston had notice only of plaintiffs' intent to file a lawsuit.

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A defaultjudgmeut in the amount of $22,307.69 was entered against H&M on August 20,

2020. The notice to defendant Evanston on August 22, 2020 was not given at a meaningful time

in the proceedings and afforded no meaningful opportunity to defend. See Michaud, 505 A.2d at

790; see also MacDowall, 2007 ME 56, lJ 14,920 A.2d 1044. Defendant Evanston would have

had to move for relief from the judgment under Rule 60(b), which requires a more difficult

showing to set aside a final judgment, as opposed to a showing of good cause to set aside a default.

See M.R. Civ. P. 60(b); 55(c); Michaud, 505 A.2d at 790; see also MacDowall, 2007 ME 56, lJ 9,

920 A.2d 1044. On this record, there is no genuine issue of material fact regarding compliance

with the requirements of section 2904 and defendant Evanston is entitled to judgment as a matter

oflaw. M.R.Civ.P.56(c).

The entry is

Defendant Evanston Insurance Company's Motion for
Summary Judgment is GRANTED. Judgment is entered in
favor of Defendant Evanston Insurance Company and
against Plaintiffs Jason Barna and Shannon Barna on
Plaintiffs' Complaint.

Date: April 29, 2021

ENTERED ON THE DOCKET ON: s/~Ji1
~u)

Plaintiffs-Samuel Johnson, Esq.
Defendant-William Joseph Flanagan, Esq.

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