Guilian Meredith v. Noemi Valentin

Affirmed in Part, Reversed in Part, and Remanded; Memorandum Opinion
filed August 29, 2024.

In The

Fourteenth Court of Appeals

NO. 14-23-00015-CV

GUILIAN MEREDITH, Appellant
V.

NOEMI VALENTIN, Appellee

On Appeal from the 246th District Court
Harris County, Texas
Trial Court Cause No. 2020-77536

MEMORANDUM OPINION

Appellant Guilian Meredith files this restricted appeal of the trial court’s
Divorce Decree contending the trial court abused its discretion in rendering the
decree because he did not have notice of appellee Noemi Valentin’s counter-
petition or the trial setting and because the trial court abused its discretion in
determining the child support obligation.
NOTICE OF TRIAL

Meredith argues that “the trial court abused its discretion when it signed the
Default Decree because [Meredith] never received notice of any proceedings which
is apparent on the face of the record.” Meredith contends that error is apparent
because the citation for Valentin’s counterpetition in this case was never properly
issued, served, and returned. Meredith further contends he never received notice of
the trial setting.

A. General Legal Principles

To prevail on a restricted appeal, an appellant must establish that: (1) the
notice of restricted appeal was filed within six months of the date of the judgment
or order; (2) he was a party to the suit; (3) he did not participate in the hearing that
resulted in the judgment complained of and did not timely file a post-judgment
motion or request for findings of facts and conclusions of law; and (4) error is
apparent on the face of the record. See Tex. R. App. P. 30; Alexander v. Lynda’s
Boutique, 134 S.W.3d 845, 848 (Tex. 2004); Cox v. Cox, 298 S.W.3d 726, 730
(Tex. App.—Austin 2009, no pet.). The parties agree that Meredith meets the first
three elements. Thus, we will restrict our review to the final element—whether
error is apparent on the face of the record.

In determining whether there is error on the face of the record, we may only
consider the evidence that was before the trial court when it rendered its final
judgment. Cox, 298 S.W.3d at 732. For purposes of a restricted appeal, the face of
the record consists of all the papers that were before the trial court when it
rendered its judgment. Alexander, 134 S.W.3d at 848–49; Cox, 298 S.W.3d at 730.

Upon a party’s appearance, the Rules of Civil Procedure require that copies
of every pleading filed be served on all the parties. Tex. R. Civ. P. 21. The Rules

2
of Civil Procedure also provide that when a party has appeared in the suit, service
can be accomplished by either citation or as provided in Rule 21a. See Tex. R.
Civ. P. 120 (“The defendant may, in person, or by attorney . . . enter an appearance
in open court. Such appearance shall be noted by the judge . . . and shall have the
same force and effect as if the citation had been duly issued and served as provided
by law.”); Tex. R. Civ. P. 124 (“When a party asserts a counterclaim . . . against
another party who has entered an appearance, the claim may be served in any
manner prescribed for service of citation or as provided in Rule 21a.”); Tex. R.
Civ. P. 21a (“Every notice required by these rules, and every pleading . . . my be
served by delivering a copy to the party to be served, or the party’s . . . attorney of
record in the manner specified [in this Rule].”); Tex. Fam. Code § 156.004 (Texas
Rules of Civil Procedure applicable to filing of original lawsuit apply to suit for
modification under Chapter 156).

A default judgment cannot stand if the defendant was not served, in a
manner authorized by Rule 21a, with an amended pleading that requested more
onerous relief than the original petition. See In re E.A., 287 S.W.3d 1, 6 (Tex.
2009). Valentin has the burden of proving that Meredith was served in strict
compliance with the rules. See Cox, 298 S.W.3d at 733.

B. Background

Initially, there were two separate suits filed under different cause numbers.
The first was in September 2020, the Texas Attorney General filed an original
petition in suit affecting the parent-child relationship (SAPCR Case). The second
was in December 2020, Meredith filed an original petition for divorce, pro se
(Divorce Case). Below is a timeline of filings in both cases:

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09/2020 Original Petition filed by Attorney General SAPCR Case

12/2020 Original Petition filed by Meredith, pro se Divorce Case

07/2021 Answer and Counter-Petition filed by Valentin, pro se Divorce Case

10/2021 Answer filed by Meredith through counsel (Treshaun) SAPCR Case

01/2022 Notice of Virtual Docket Mailed Divorce Case

01/2022 Motion to Withdraw filed by Treshaun Divorce Case

03/2022 Agreed Motion for Continuance filed by Valentin Divorce Case

04/2022 Second Motion to Withdraw filed by Treshaun Divorce Case

05/2022 Second Amended Counter-Petition Divorce Case

06/2022 Transfer of Divorce Case to SAPCR Case trial court Divorce Case

06/2022 Scheduling Order with Trial Setting Mailed Divorce Case

07/2022 Motion to Consolidate Granted Divorce and
SAPCR Case

09/2022 Trial Divorce and
SAPCR Case

In the SAPCR Case, the Attorney General requested that the trial court
“order appropriate current and retroactive child, medical, and dental support for the
children.” In the Divorce Case, Valentin filed “Respondent’s Original Answer”
and “Respondent’s Original Counter-Petition for Divorce” pro se, by mailing these
documents to the Harris County District Clerk. The filing stamp on the documents
indicates that they were both received by the “Mail Processing Clerk.” Valentin’s
counter-petition for divorce contains a certificate of service indicating that

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Valentin “gave a copy of it to my spouse or my spouse’s lawyer in person, by mail,
by commercial delivery service, by fax, or by email.”

Meredith filed his original answer in the SAPCR Case through counsel,
Treshaun Meredith.1 In his answer, Meredith requests relief against “petitioner”
Valentin and requests all relief requested by “Petitioner” be denied. Thereafter, the
trial court mailed a notice of virtual trial docket, indicating that the Divorce Case
would be called for trial on March 8, 2022, at 9:00 am. This notice was addressed
to Meredith at his address of record, the same he provided in his original petition
for divorce. The notice included only the case number of the Divorce Case.
Shortly thereafter, Treshaun filed a motion to withdraw. The filing was made into
the Divorce Case, had the cause number of the Divorce Case, but the style from the
SAPCR case. The motion to withdraw represented that “Movant is attorney of
record for Guilian Meredith and was employed to represent Respondent.” The
motion also noted that the trial in this case was set for March 8, 2022.2

The parties then filed an agreed motion for continuance of the trial setting.
The certificate of conference indicates that counsel for Valentin consulted with
Treshaun and both agreed the case should be continued so that the parties could
attempt mediation prior to trial. The certificate of service indicates that the agreed
motion was served on Treshaun. After the trial court continued the trial setting,
Valentin’s counsel then filed two amended petitions for divorce, both of which
contain certificates of service that indicate they were served on Treshaun.3

1
Because Meredith disputes he was represented in the Divorce Case, we will refer to
Treshaun Meredith as Treshaun to avoid confusion.
2
There is no indication of whether the SAPCR case was also set for trial on this same
date.
Every document filed by Valentin’s counsel was also emailed to Meredith. However,
3

the email address used in the service was misspelled. Some service certificates indicate that
5
About two months before trial, the trial court granted Valentin’s motion to
consolidate the Divorce Case and the SAPCR Case. After consolidation
Meredith’s counsel again filed a motion to withdraw. There is no ruling on this
motion in the record on appeal.

Valentin’s second amended counterpetition for divorce has a certificate of
service that indicates that it was served on “Treshaun Meredith by electronic filing
manager.” The next page indicates that the document was emailed to Treshaun
and to the misspelled email address for Meredith.

The trial court sent Meredith a scheduling order and notice of intent to
dismiss by mail at the address Meredith provided in petition. The scheduling order
gave Meredith notice of the trial setting on September 19, 2022. (CR 147). There
is no indication in the record that this mail was ever returned.4 Trial was held on
September 19, 2022. The trial court noted that it took “judicial notice of the
scheduling order that was mailed to the attorney of record and [Meredith].”
Neither Treshaun nor Meredith appeared at trial.

C. Analysis

Meredith argues that he “only ever filed a single document in this case; his
Original Petition for Divorce.” Appellant contends that he had Valentin properly
served and “thereafter, had no further participation in the case.” Meredith also
argues he was never served with Valentin’s answer or counterpetition. To the
extent Meredith argues that Valentin was required to have a citation issued for
service of her counterpetition, we disagree. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 120, 124, 21a; Tex.

there was an “error” and some indicate “sent.” However, every such instance of service on
Meredith by email contains the same misspelling of Meredith’s email address.
4
Though other mailings from the trial court to Meredith, sent to a different address than
that listed on Meredith’s original petition, were returned.

6
Fam. Code § 156.004; See also In re E.A., 287 S.W.3d 1, 4 (Tex. 2009) (“Rule 21a
applies to all pleadings required to be served under Rule 21 other than the original
petition and except as provided in the rules.”). Because Meredith had appeared in
the Divorce Case by filing the original petition, Valentin may have issued a
citation or served her counter-petition for divorce in a manner authorized by Rule
21a. See Tex. R. Civ. P. 124. The certificate of service attached to Valentin’s
counter-petition indicates she served Meredith with a copy “in person, by mail, by
commercial delivery service, by fax, or by email.” A certificate of service is prima
facie evidence of service. Tex. R. Civ. P. 21a(e). Although Valentin did not
provide the means of service in her certificate of service, “Rule 21a does not
require that a certificate of service detail the method of service used.” See
Approximately $14,980.00 v. State, 261 S.W.3d 182, 187 (Tex. App.—Houston
[14th Dist.] 2008, no pet.). Thus, the face of the record shows that Meredith was
served with Valentin’s counter-petition in compliance with the Texas Rules of
Civil Procedure.

Appellant contends he never received service of any documents because of
the misspelling of his email address. The face of the record shows that every filing
emailed to Meredith was sent to the incorrect email address. Even assuming he did
not receive any document served by email, there is evidence Treshaun was served
with Valentin’s second amended counter-petition and notice of hearing on
Valentin’s motion for temporary orders by service to Treshaun. Both Valentin’s
seconded amended counter-petition and notice of hearing on temporary orders
contain certificates of service that they were served on Treshaun by “electronic
filing manager.” The attached “Automated Certificate of eService” indicates that
these filings were emailed to Treshaun. Thus, if service upon Treshaun is proper
then there is prima facie service on Meredith and there is no error on the face of the

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record. See Hooten v. Yeager, 654 S.W.3d 185, 194–95 (Tex. App.—Texarkana
2022, no pet.) (“[Client] only entitled to notice if notice was not provided to his
duly authorized agent or attorney of record. Because the record fails to show that
[attorney] was not notified of the hearing, any defect in sending notice to [client]
fails to establish error on the face of the record.”).

Meredith contends service on Treshaun is not valid service on him because
Treshaun only represented Meredith in the SAPCR Case and not the Divorce Case.
“An attorney may become an ‘attorney of record’ by filing pleadings or appearing
in open court on a party’s behalf.” Smith v. Smith, 241 S.W.3d 904, 907 (Tex.
App.—Beaumont 2007, no pet.) (citing Tex. R. Civ. P. 8, 21a, 120); see also In re
D.M.B., 467 S.W.3d 100, 103 (Tex. App.—San Antonio 2015, pet. denied) (“[A]
defendant waives a complaint regarding service if retained counsel appears in court
on his behalf, seeking a judgment or adjudication on some question.”). Here,
Treshaun filed an answer in the SAPCR case requesting relief against petitioner
Valentin though Valentin was not the petitioner in that case. Treshaun then filed
two motions to withdraw into the Divorce Case, requesting the trial court to allow
him to withdraw from representation of Meredith. In both motions, Treshaun
represented that he was counsel of record for Meredith and retained by Meredith to
represent him. Later, Treshaun agreed to a continuance of the trial setting on
Meredith’s behalf. Thus, the face of the record demonstrates that Treshaun was
Meredith’s attorney of record in the Divorce Case and service on Treshaun as
Meredith’s attorney of record was proper under Rule 21a. See Hooten, 654 S.W.3d
at 190 (“From [the] objective evidence, we are compelled to conclude that
[attorney] acted as [client’s] duly authorized agent or attorney of record for [client]
in the underlying lawsuit. . . . It is apparent from the record as well that the motion
for summary judgment was served on [attorney], and the record does not reflect

8
that he ever indicated he was not authorized to receive same or to act as [client’s]
counsel.”).

Finally, the face of the record also shows that notice of the trial setting was
sent to Meredith at his address on record with the trial court, the same address he
included in his original petition. There is no evidence on the face of the record that
the mailed notice was returned. The trial court also took judicial notice that it sent
the notice of trial setting to both Meredith and Treshaun and neither appeared.

The certificates of service showing Meredith was properly served are prima
facie evidence that such service was effective. There is no indication on the face
of the record to rebut this presumption of effective service and no evidence on the
face of the record that Treshaun was not authorized to receive service or to act as
Meredith’s counsel. Because the face of the record fails to show that Meredith was
not given proper notice, we overrule Meredith’s first issue.

CHILD SUPPORT

Next Meredith argues the trial court abused its discretion because it had
legally and factually insufficient evidence to determine the child support
obligation, improperly used Meredith’s Supplemental Security Income (SSI) to
calculate net resources and awarded more than the amount authorized by the
statutory guidelines.

A. General Legal Principles

We review a trial court’s judgment granting child support for an abuse of
discretion. Worford v. Stamper, 801 S.W.2d 108, 109 (Tex. 1990). A trial court
abuses its discretion when it acts arbitrarily or without reference to guiding
principles or when it fails to analyze or correctly apply the law. Walker v. Packer,
827 S.W.2d 833, 840 (Tex. 1992). When an appellant alleges the trial court abused

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its discretion because the evidence was insufficient, “this court employs a two
prong test: first, we must ask whether the trial court had sufficient information on
which to exercise discretion; and second, we determine whether the trial court
abused its discretion by causing the child support order to be manifestly unjust or
unfair.” Newberry v. Bohn-Newberry, 146 S.W.3d 233, 235 (Tex. App.—Houston
[14th Dist.] 2004, no pet.). Sufficiency of the evidence is a factor in assessing
whether the trial court abused its discretion. In re A.L.S., 338 S.W.3d 59, 65 (Tex.
App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2011, pet. denied). When the trial court does not issue
findings of fact or conclusions of law, we presume the trial court made all findings
necessary to support the judgment and will uphold these findings if they are
supported by the record. Id. We review the evidence in the light most favorable to
the trial court’s judgment and indulge every reasonable presumption in its favor.
Newberry, 146 S.W.3d at 235.

Texas Family Code Chapter 154 governs child support proceedings and sets
forth guidelines to apply in determining an amount of child support. See Tex. Fam.
Code §§ 154.001–.309. The trial court “shall calculate net resources for the
purpose of determining child support liability as provided by this section.” Tex.
Fam. Code § 154.062(a). “Net resources” includes all wage and salary income;
self-employment income; interest, dividends, and royalty income; net rental
income; and “all other income actually being received, including . . . social security
benefits other than supplemental security income.” Id. § 154.062(b).

For the trial court to discharge its duty under section 154.062, “[t]here must
be some evidence of a substantive and probative character of net resources.”
Newberry, 146 S.W.3d at 236. In the absence of evidence of wage and salary
income of a party, a court shall presume that the party has wages or salary equal to
the federal minimum wage for a 40-hour week. Tex. Fam. Code § 154.068.

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B. Background

At trial, Valentin testified that the parties separated January 23, 2020.
Valentin testified that there were four children, three born of the marriage and one
born prior to the marriage and Meredith had executed an acknowledgment of
paternity. She testified that while they were married, Meredith obtained disability
benefits from the government. The government paid Meredith for his disability,
but also paid disability amounts to three of his four children. Before their
separation, they were receiving $936 monthly for her husband’s disability. From
February through July 2020, Valentin did not receive any checks and testified that
Meredith refused to sign the children’s checks over to her. Valentin testified that
Meredith had a job working with KB Homes but she did not have any idea what
his earnings were currently. She introduced Meredith’s 2020 tax return to show
his annual earnings as of 2020.

In her exhibit nine, Valentin’s requested award for child support includes
numbers and calculations for the amount of child support she requested from the
trial court. Based on the evidence presented, it concludes Meredith’s net monthly
resources are $3,673,5 based on the 2020 tax return and the disability payments,
and once taxes are considered. The exhibit goes on to indicate that the amount of
support for four children based on Meredith’s net monthly resources is $1,302 of
the monthly net resources.6

5
This number is based on Meredith’s 2020 income tax return showing income of $31,039
and Social Security benefits of $22,495; Based on this evidence, Meredith’s total net resources
annually for 2020 were: $31,039 + $22,495 = $53,534. See Tex. Fam. Code § 154.061(a).
Divided by twelve provides the monthly amount of net resources: $53,534/12 = $4,461.16. See
id. Further reducing that amount is Meredith’s tax liability as calculated by the Office of the
Attorney General to $3,673.57. See Tex. Fam. Code § 154.061(b);
https://csapps.oag.texas.gov/system/files/2019-12/2020_taxcharts.pdf (based on monthly gross
wages of $4,400).
6
35% of $3,673 is 1285.55. See Tex. Fam. Code § 154.125(b).

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The trial court found that Meredith had retained the social security payments
for the three children for five months after the parties had separated and while
Valentin had custody of the children. The trial court found Meredith owed
retroactive child support for this five-month period in the amount of $6,440.00.
The trial court concluded that after this five-month period, once the children started
receiving their checks from social security, Meredith did not owe any retroactive
child support for the three children receiving social security payments and such
payments were credited to Meredith. For the fourth child, the trial court concluded
that Meredith owed retroactive child support in the amount of $776.92 per month
from July 1, 2020, until September 1, 2022, in the amount of $19,423.00. Thus,
the total amount of retroactive child support awarded was $25,863.00. The trial
court ordered Meredith to pay $500 monthly until the total amount of retroactive
support had been paid. The trial court ordered Meredith to pay monthly child
support in the amount of $776.92 per month. The trial court also ordered Meredith
to pay $100.00 monthly as additional child support for medical support under
section 154.182(b)(3) of the Texas Family Code.

C. Analysis

First, Meredith argues that the only evidence presented by Valentin was a
2020 tax return and a paystub from December 31, 2020, and there is no testimony
or evidence regarding how much he earns in his current employment. The trial
court reviewed Meredith’s 2020 tax return documents admitted into evidence. The
2020 tax return showed Meredith’s earnings from his employment and social
security that year, the first year of the parties’ separation. While Valentin testified
that Meredith was no longer employed by AT&T, she also testified that at the time
of trial he was employed by KB Homes. See Banakar v. Krause, 674 S.W.3d 564,
575 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2023, no pet.) (viewing in light most

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favorable to the trial court’s ruling, trial court could consider gross job earnings of
prior job in determining net resources even though husband had lost his job six
weeks prior to trial; husband was actively seeking employment). We conclude
from this evidence the trial court had sufficient information on which to exercise
discretion.

Second, Meredith argues the trial court abused its discretion by considering
his “Supplement Security Income,” which is excluded under the Family Code from
the calculation of net resources. Social security benefits, other than supplemental
security income, are included in net resources. Tex. Fam. Code § 154.062(b)(5).
There are two types of disability payments provided by the Social Security
Administration. The first is social security disability insurance and applies to
individuals who have a disability or blindness, and sufficient work history. See 20
C.F.R. §§ 404.315–325, 404.1505. Social security disability insurance allows an
individual to return to work and still receive a disability payment so long are their
earnings stay below a certain amount. See id. § 404.401a. The second is
supplemental security income and applies to individuals with little or no income,
little or no resources, and a disability that affects the individual’s ability to work
for a year or more, or will result in death, or has lasted or can be expected to last
for a continuous period of not less than 12 months. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 416.110,
416.202, 416.905. From the face of the record there is no indication that the
disability payments Meredith receives are Supplemental Security Income as
opposed to Social Security Disability Benefits.

Third, Meredith contends the trial court failed to credit his social security
benefits against the child support obligation. Meredith further contends the child
support order “bears no relation to the statutory guidelines.” On appeal, Valentin
acknowledges and concedes the trial court ordered incorrect amounts for the child

13
support obligation. Valentin argues that when properly crediting the $936 in social
security benefits three of the four children receive, the monthly child support
obligation is reduced from $1,359.62 monthly to $424.62 monthly. The trial court
ordered Meredith to pay $776.92 monthly as the prospective child support
obligation. Thus, Valentin concedes the trial court abused its discretion in ordering
$776.92 monthly as the child support obligation because it was not supported by
the guidelines set forth in the Family Code. See Tex. Fam. Code § 154.122(a).
Valentin acknowledges this error effects both the retroactive support and the
ongoing support obligation because they are both based on the amount of $776.92.

We conclude the trial court abused its discretion in ordering more child
support than the guidelines provide without making any specific findings to
support the amount ordered. See Tex. Fam. Code § 154.130. We therefore sever
that portion of the trial court’s judgment relating to child support from the
remainder of the judgment, and reverse and remand the trial court’s judgment only
as to the calculation of the retroactive child support and the ongoing monthly child
support obligation and remand this case to the trial court for further proceedings
consistent with this opinion. However, if Valentin files a remittitur within ten (10)
days from the date of this judgment wherein Valentin agrees to a reduction in the
retroactive child support amount owed from $25,863.00 to $15,172.497 and a

7
Based on the trial court’s finding of monthly net resources of $4,461.17, further
reducing that amount is Meredith’s tax liability as calculated by the Office of the Attorney
General to $3,673.57. See Tex. Fam. Code § 154.061(b);
https://csapps.oag.texas.gov/system/files/2019-12/2020_taxcharts.pdf (based on monthly gross
wages of $4,400). Meredith’s obligation is to support four children, determined to be 35% of his
reduced monthly wages, or $3,673.57 * 0.35% = $1,285.75 monthly. For five months Valentin
testified the three children did not receive their checks for Meredith’s disability, thus to calculate
part of the retroactive support obligation we multiply: $1,285.75 * 5 = $6,428.75. Valentin
testified the children began receiving the disability checks, in the amount of $936.00 on July 1,
2020. Thus, the remaining retroactive support obligation is reduced from $1,285.75 monthly to
$349.75 monthly; ($1,285.75-$936.00 = $349.75). That amount is multiplied by the twenty-five
months the suit was pending before the trial court ordered an ongoing child support obligation, or
14
reduction in the ongoing support obligation from $776.92 to $349.75, we will
reform the judgment accordingly and affirm the judgment as modified. See
Newberry, 146 S.W.3d at 237; Blazek v. Blazek, 669 S.W.2d 347, 348–49 (Tex.
App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 1984, no writ); Fleming v. Fleming, 595 S.W.2d 199,
202 (Tex. App.—Waco 1980, writ dism’d).

CONCLUSION

Having overruled Meredith’s first issue and sustained the second issue with
regard to the calculation of the child support obligation, we sever that portion of
the trial court’s judgment relating to child support from the remainder of the
judgment, and reverse and remand the trial court’s judgment only as to the
calculation of the retroactive child support and the ongoing monthly child support
obligation and remand this case to the trial court for further proceedings consistent
with this opinion. However, if Valentin files a remittitur within twenty (20) days
from the date of this judgment wherein Valentin agrees to a reduction in the
retroactive child support amount owed from $25,863.00 to $15,172.49 and a
reduction in the ongoing support obligation from $776.92 to $349.75, we will
affirm the judgment as modified.

/s/ Ken Wise
Justice

Panel consists of Chief Justice Christopher and Justices Wise and Jewell.

$349.75*25 = $8,743.74. The total retroactive obligation is $6,428.75 + $8,743.74 =
$15,172.49.

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