Ronald Diaz-Perez v. the State of Texas

Fourth Court of Appeals
San Antonio, Texas
MEMORANDUM OPINION

No. 04-24-00507-CR

Ronald DIAZ-PEREZ,
Appellant

v.

The STATE of Texas,
Appellee

From the 406th Judicial District Court, Webb County, Texas
Trial Court No. 2018CRF001249D4
Honorable Oscar J. Hale, Jr., Judge Presiding

Opinion by: Rebeca C. Martinez, Chief Justice

Sitting: Rebeca C. Martinez, Chief Justice
Adrian A. Spears II, Justice
H. Todd McCray, Justice

Delivered and Filed: June 3, 2026

AFFIRMED

A jury convicted appellant Ronald Diaz-Perez on two counts of continuous sexual abuse

of a child, and the trial court assessed punishment at ninety-nine years’ imprisonment on both

counts, to run concurrently. TEX. PENAL CODE ANN. § 21.02. In three issues, Diaz-Perez

complains that (1) his trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance for failing to call an expert

witness; (2) his trial counsel rendered ineffective assistance for failing to request funds to hire an
04-24-00507-CR

expert witness; and (3) the trial court erred by admitting outcry witness testimony beyond the scope

of the State’s notice summary. We affirm.

I. Background

At trial, the jury considered testimony of the complainants, Diaz-Perez’s daughters, Maria 1

and Monica; Diaz-Perez’s ex-wife, “Mother,” who was the outcry witness; and Dr. Armando

Garza, among other witnesses.

Mother testified that Diaz-Perez was her former partner, with whom she shared three

daughters. After they separated, Diaz-Perez had court-ordered visitation with their daughters

every other weekend. When Maria was seven years old, she outcried to Mother that Diaz-Perez

“put his private part inside her mouth. That it would make her vomit. That he would put his private

part in her private part. That every time they would go over there, he would pull down her pants.”

Maria also told Mother that Diaz-Perez touched Monica’s private parts, which Monica confirmed

when Mother confronted her.

Maria, who was fifteen years old at the time of trial, testified that on several occasions

during visits with Diaz-Perez, he touched her “private part” with “his hands and his private part”

and put “his private part inside of mine.” Monica, who was sixteen years old at the time of trial,

testified that on several occasions during visits with Diaz-Perez, he touched her “middle part” and

mouth with “his private part.”

Dr. Garza, a pediatrician, testified as the State’s expert witness. Dr. Garza referenced a

study called It’s Normal to Be Normal, explaining that the hymen can appear normal after sexual

abuse depending on how the abuse occurred, whether the hymen was injured, how many hours

after abuse the hymen was examined, and whether the hymen had healed. He testified that he

1
We use pseudonyms for child complainants and their family to protect the children’s identity. See TEX. R. APP. P.
9.10(a)(3).

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would expect normal findings if an examination occurred more than 96 hours after the sexual

abuse. Dr. Garza examined both Monica and Maria months after the alleged abuse. Both

examinations were normal with no physical manifestations of abuse.

II. Ineffective Assistance of Counsel

In Diaz-Perez’s first and second issues, he contends that his trial counsel was ineffective

in failing to call and request funds to hire an expert witness to rebut Dr. Garza’s testimony.

A. Standard of Review and Applicable Law

To prevail on a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, a defendant must establish by a

preponderance of evidence that (1) their trial counsel’s performance was deficient, and that (2) the

deficient performance deprived them of a fair trial. Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687

(1984); Ex parte Chandler, 182 S.W.3d 350, 353 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005). Both Strickland

elements “must be ‘firmly founded in the record’ and ‘the record must affirmatively demonstrate’

the meritorious nature of the claim.” Menefield v. State, 363 S.W.3d 591, 592 (Tex. Crim. App.

2012) (quoting Goodspeed v. State, 187 S.W.3d 390, 392 (Tex. Crim. App. 2005)).

Our review of counsel’s representation is highly deferential, and we presume that counsel’s

conduct fell within the wide range of reasonable and professional assistance. Strickland, 466 U.S.

at 689. It is the defendant’s burden to “overcome the presumption that, under the circumstances,

the challenged action ‘might be considered sound trial strategy.’” Id. (quoting Michel v. Louisiana,

350 U.S. 91, 101 (1955)). “A silent record that provides no explanation for counsel’s actions will

not overcome the strong presumption of reasonable assistance. Thus, if the record does not contain

affirmative evidence of trial counsel’s reasoning or strategy, we presume counsel’s performance

was not deficient.” Johnson v. State, 624 S.W.3d 579, 585 (Tex. Crim. App. 2021) (internal

citations omitted).

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Before a defendant can claim ineffective assistance of counsel for failing to call a witness,

the defendant must show that there were witnesses available and that their testimonies would have

helped him. Starr v. State, No. 01-18-00947-CR, 2020 WL 4006447, at *6 (Tex. App.—Houston

[1st Dist.] July 16, 2020, no pet.) (mem. op., not designated for publication). Similarly, the failure

to request the appointment of an expert witness does not constitute ineffective assistance of counsel

absent a showing that the witnesses’ testimony would have benefited the defendant. Cate v. State,

124 S.W.3d 922, 927 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 2004, pet. ref’d) (per curiam).

B. Analysis

Diaz-Perez relies on a web search to support his position that expert testimony would have

challenged Dr. Garza’s testimony: “A simple online search reveals that a hymen cannot regrow

once ruptured (WebMD).” Diaz-Perez has not shown that an expert was available to testify, what

that expert would have testified to, or how such testimony would have benefited his defense.

Absent such a showing, ineffective assistance claims based on failure to call or hire an expert fail.

Rodriguez v. State, 459 S.W.3d 184, 199 (Tex. App.—Amarillo 2015, pet. ref’d); see also Lair v.

State, 265 S.W.3d 580, 594 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] 2008, pet. ref’d) (“The decision

whether to present witnesses is largely a matter of trial strategy.”). Therefore, based on the record

before us, we cannot say counsel’s performance was ineffective for failing to call or request funds

to hire an expert witness to rebut Dr. Garza’s testimony.

We overrule Diaz-Perez’s first and second issues.

III. Abuse of Discretion

In Diaz-Perez’s third issue, he argues the trial court erred by admitting Mother’s testimony

regarding Maria’s outcry of penile penetration. He contends this testimony was inadmissible

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hearsay because the State’s outcry witness summary did not disclose that Mother would testify

about penile penetration.

A. Standard of review and Applicable Law

An outcry witness may testify to the victim’s out-of-court description of a sexual offense

committed against the child, even though such testimony would ordinarily be inadmissible

hearsay. See Bays v. State, 396 S.W.3d 580, 585–86 (Tex. Crim. App. 2013) (collecting cases).

Texas Code of Criminal Procedure article 38.072, known as the outcry statute, establishes five

requirements for admissibility of an outcry statement. TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC. art. 38.072; see,

e.g., Zarco v. State, 210 S.W.3d 816, 829-830 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2006, no pet.).

The only requirement at issue here is that the party intending to offer the outcry statement must

provide the adverse party with a written summary of the statement. See TEX. CODE CRIM. PROC.

art. 38.072, §2, (b)(1)(C).

A trial court’s erroneous admission of hearsay evidence, including outcry witness

testimony, is nonconstitutional error subject to harm analysis under Texas Rule of Appellate

Procedure 44.2(b). TEX. R. APP. P. 44.2; see, e.g., Walker v. State, No. 01-21-00323-CR, 2022

WL 17981670, at *5 (Tex. App.—Houston [1st Dist.] Dec. 29, 2022, pet. ref’d). Under Texas

Rule of Appellate Procedure 44.2(b), “an error is reversible only when it has a substantial and

injurious effect or influence in determining the jury’s verdict.” Taylor v. State, 268 S.W.3d 571,

592 (Tex. Crim. App. 2008). “We should not overturn the conviction if we have fair assurance

from an examination of the record as a whole that the error did not influence the jury, or had but

slight effect.” Id.

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B. Analysis

For the purposes of this analysis, we need not determine whether the trial court erred by

permitting Mother’s testimony about what Maria told her regarding penile penetration. The

admission of improper hearsay evidence is harmless when the same evidence is subsequently

admitted without objection. Zarco, 210 S.W.3d at 833.

Mother testified about the abuse Maria reported to her, including that Diaz-Perez “put his

private parts in her private part.” This testimony was not included in the State’s summary of her

outcry testimony, although it did include other acts of abuse. Maria subsequently testified about

the abuse she personally experienced, including that Diaz-Perez “put his private part inside of

mine.” There was no objection to Maria’s testimony. Because Maria’s testimony establishing the

same fact was admitted without objection, any error in admitting Mother’s testimony was

harmless.

Therefore, we overrule Diaz-Perez’s third issue.

Rebeca C. Martinez, Chief Justice

DO NOT PUBLISH

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