State v. Stephen P. Lodwick

COURT OF APPEALS
DECISION NOTICE
DATED AND FILED This opinion is subject to further editing. If
published, the official version will appear in
the bound volume of the Official Reports.
September 17, 2025
A party may file with the Supreme Court a
Samuel A. Christensen petition to review an adverse decision by the
Clerk of Court of Appeals Court of Appeals. See WIS. STAT. § 808.10
and RULE 809.62.

Appeal No. 2024AP2013 Cir. Ct. No. 2022CM780

STATE OF WISCONSIN IN COURT OF APPEALS
DISTRICT II

STATE OF WISCONSIN,

PLAINTIFF-RESPONDENT,

V.

STEPHEN P. LODWICK,

DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.

APPEAL from orders of the circuit court for Washington County:
SANDRA J. GIERNOTH, Judge. Affirmed.

¶1 GROGAN, J.1 Stephen Lodwick appeals, pro se, from two orders,
one of which denied his postconviction Motion for a New Trial and Motion for

1
This appeal is decided by one judge pursuant to WIS. STAT. § 752.31(2) (2023-24). All
references to the Wisconsin Statutes are to the 2023-24 version.
No. 2024AP2013

Order Granting a New Trial and one denying his subsequent Motion for
Reconsideration. On appeal, Lodwick generally asserts that the circuit court erred
in denying his motions because: (1) he was “in custody” at the time he filed the
motions for purposes of WIS. STAT. § 974.06 because he was subject to a civil
judgment stemming from the restitution order and alleged sufficient facts to
warrant a hearing; (2) the court’s restitution order was based on false or fraudulent
information; and (3) the court erred in imposing the domestic abuse modifier.2
This court rejects Lodwick’s assertions and affirms.

I. BACKGROUND

¶2 On August 29, 2022, the State charged Lodwick with misdemeanor
battery (WIS. STAT. § 940.19(1)) and disorderly conduct (WIS. STAT. § 947.01(1)),
both with domestic abuse modifiers (WIS. STAT. §§ 968.075.(1)(a) and
973.055(1)). A second amended complaint later added a criminal damage to
property charge (WIS. STAT. § 943.01(1)). A jury found Lodwick guilty of
disorderly conduct but not guilty of battery or criminal damage to property, and
the circuit court thereafter sentenced Lodwick to 40 days of jail with Huber
privileges imposed and stayed for one year of probation. The court also imposed a
domestic abuse surcharge on Lodwick’s disorderly conduct conviction under

2
Lodwick identifies six issues in his appellate brief. This court addresses the first two
together as both pertain to arguments related to the circuit court’s decision regarding WIS. STAT.
§ 974.06 and whether Lodwick was entitled to a hearing on his postconviction motion. This court
does not address Lodwick’s third issue, which alleges that “the circuit court erred in failing to
grant relief sought by defendant/appellant[,]” because he failed to sufficiently develop this
argument. (Formatting altered.) See State v. Pettit, 171 Wis. 2d 627, 492 N.W.2d 633 (Ct. App.
1992) (undeveloped arguments will not be addressed). Lodwick also asserts that the circuit court
erred in failing to grant his expungement request; however, as will be described below, that issue
is not properly before this court on appeal.

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§§ 968.075(1)(a) and 973.055(1). The judgment of conviction indicated that the
amount of restitution was to be determined, and the court scheduled a restitution
hearing for a later date.

¶3 At the conclusion of the August 2023 restitution hearing, the circuit
court ordered that Lodwick pay restitution in the amount of $5,705.12, in addition
to a ten percent Crime Victim Compensation Fund surcharge, during his term of
probation or else a civil judgment would be entered for any remaining balance. In
June 2024, the court held a probation review hearing to address Lodwick’s unpaid
court costs totaling $1,113.51. The court ordered Lodwick’s term of probation
extended for one year or until the costs were paid in full, and it also entered a civil
judgment against Lodwick for unpaid restitution. The Department of Corrections
terminated Lodwick’s probation on July 18, 2024, the date on which Lodwick’s
probation was originally set to be completed.

¶4 On August 14, 2024, Lodwick filed a “Notice of Motion and Motion
for A New Trial” in which he requested several forms of relief including vacatur
of his conviction and a new trial, vacatur of the domestic abuse modifier with
expungement, and vacatur of the restitution order. The circuit court denied
Lodwick’s motion in a written decision, first concluding that Lodwick was not in
custody or serving a sentence and thus could not advance a postconviction motion
under WIS. STAT. § 974.06. The court also determined that even if a
postconviction motion was available to Lodwick, his motion was untimely
because he failed to file a notice of intent to pursue postconviction relief within the
statutory time limit set forth in WIS. STAT. §§ 974.02 and 809.30(2)(b). Finally,
the court explained that Lodwick could not file his motion for a new trial pursuant
to WIS. STAT. § 805.15, as that statute applies to civil trials and this was a criminal
matter. Lodwick filed a motion for reconsideration, which the court also denied.

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¶5 Lodwick filed a notice of appeal on October 4, 2024, as to both the
circuit court’s orders denying his initial motion and his motion for reconsideration.
A November 21, 2024 entry in the CCAP records reflects that Lodwick also filed a
motion for expungement, which the court denied on December 12, 2024.3
However, neither the expungement motion nor the order denying it are included in
the appellate record, and Lodwick did not file a separate appeal from that
December order.

II. STANDARD OF REVIEW

¶6 Lodwick first claims the circuit court erred when it denied his
postconviction motion without an evidentiary hearing. A defendant is entitled to
an evidentiary hearing if “the motion on its face alleges sufficient material facts
that, if true, would entitle the defendant to relief.” State v. Ruffin, 2022 WI 34,
¶27, 401 Wis. 2d 619, 974 N.W.2d 432. This court reviews such questions
de novo. Id. “Whether the record conclusively demonstrates that the defendant is
entitled to no relief is also a question of law [this court] review[s] independently.”
Id.

¶7 “To prevail on a motion for reconsideration, the movant must
present either newly discovered evidence or establish a manifest error of law or
fact.” Koepsell’s Olde Popcorn Wagons, Inc. v. Koepsell’s Festival Popcorn

3
Washington County Circuit Court Case No. 2022CM780. “CCAP” is the acronym
commonly used to refer to the Consolidated Court Automation Program, which “is a case
management system provided by [the] Wisconsin Circuit Court Access program” that “provides
public access online to reports of activity in Wisconsin circuit courts[.]” State v. Bonds, 2006 WI
83, ¶6, 292 Wis. 2d 344, 717 N.W.2d 133. Appellate courts may take judicial notice of CCAP
records. See WIS. STAT. § 902.01; see also State v. Aderemi, 2023WI App 8, ¶7 n.3, 406 Wis. 2d
132, 986 N.W.2d 306.

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No. 2024AP2013

Wagons, Ltd., 2004 WI App 129, ¶44, 275 Wis. 2d 397, 685 N.W.2d 853. “A
‘manifest error’ is not demonstrated by the disappointment of the losing party”;
rather, “[i]t is the ‘wholesale disregard, misapplication, or failure to recognize
controlling precedent.’” Id. (citations omitted).

III. DISCUSSION

A. The Circuit Court Did Not Err in Concluding Lodwick Was Not
“In Custody” for Purposes of WIS. STAT. § 974.06.

¶8 Lodwick first argues that the circuit court should have held an
evidentiary hearing on his motion because he believes the term “in custody under
sentence of a court” as used in WIS. STAT. § 974.06(1) is ambiguous and should
include the situation he was in—subject to a civil judgment for restitution entered
following termination of his probation—at the time he filed his motion. In support
of this argument, Lodwick relies on State v. Mentzel, 218 Wis. 2d 734, 741, 581
N.W.2d 581 (Ct. App. 1998), where we held that the phrase “in custody under
sentence of a court” was ambiguous.

¶9 Despite Lodwick’s assertions, Mentzel does not support his position
because the issue there was whether “under sentence of a court” refers to
“sentence[s] actually imposed by the court” or rather “the more generic sentencing
process” itself. Id. at 739. In answering that question, the Mentzel court held that
defendants serving a probationary term were entitled to pursue relief under WIS.
STAT. § 974.06. Mentzel, 218 Wis. 2d at 743. At the time Lodwick filed his
motion, however, his probationary term had ended—in other words, he was no
longer serving the sentence—and neither Mentzel nor any other authority Lodwick
cites supports his position that a defendant who has completed his term of
probation may file a § 974.06 motion despite remaining subject to a civil judgment

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for unpaid restitution stemming from the already completed sentence. To
conclude otherwise would violate the well-known statutory constructs set forth in
State ex rel. Kalal v. Circuit Court for Dane County, 2004 WI 58, 271 Wis. 2d
633, 681 N.W.2d 100, as interpreting “sentence” as used in § 974.06 in the manner
Lodwick requests would clearly lead to an “absurd or unreasonable result[].” See
Kalal, 271 Wis. 2d 633, ¶46.

¶10 Accordingly, the circuit court correctly determined Lodwick was not
eligible to seek postconviction relief under WIS. STAT. § 974.06 and therefore did
not err in declining to hold a hearing on the motion as a result.4

B. The Circuit Court Did Not Err in Granting Restitution.

¶11 Lodwick next argues that the circuit court erred when it ordered
restitution in the amount of $5,705.12. Specifically, he argues that despite his
acquittal on all other charges besides disorderly conduct, the court “clear[ly]”
relied upon the “false” testimony supporting those charges in imposing an amount
of “restitution exceeding $5,000.00.”

¶12 The victim in a restitution proceeding bears the burden of proving
losses by a preponderance of the evidence, see WIS. STAT. § 973.20(14)(a), and
must “show that there is a ‘causal nexus’ between the crime and the victim’s
losses, such that the defendant’s criminal activity was a ‘substantial factor’ in

4
The circuit court also concluded that Lodwick’s motion was untimely under WIS. STAT.
§§ 974.02 and 809.30(2)(b), which require that defendants seeking postconviction relief file a
notice of intent to pursue postconviction relief within 20 days after the date of sentencing, which
Lodwick failed to do. The court likewise concluded that WIS. STAT. § 805.15 did not apply, as
that statute applies to civil, not criminal, matters. The circuit court did not err in reaching those
conclusions, and this court will not address them further.

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No. 2024AP2013

causing the losses[.]” State v. Wiskerchen, 2019 WI 1, ¶25, 385 Wis. 2d 120, 921
N.W.2d 730 (citation omitted). At the restitution hearing, the circuit court
accurately cited the applicable law, and the victim, appearing without counsel,
provided evidence in the form of testimony and documentation and sought
$41,400 in lost wages, $16,000 in costs associated with an injury to her left
shoulder that required surgery, $845 for chiropractic services to treat neck pain,
approximately $1,000 for mental health counseling, $380 for property damage
related to a broken mirror and a broken cell phone charger, and $20,000 in lost
commission related to the sale of a horse, among other requests.

¶13 Contrary to Lodwick’s claim that the circuit court improperly relied
on “false” testimony in ordering what he considers an excessive restitution award,
the court awarded significantly less than the victim requested after expressly
finding credibility issues with several of the victim’s claimed damages. The court
also noted that it based its findings entirely on the disorderly conduct offense and
that it did not consider the other two counts on which Lodwick was acquitted.
Lodwick has failed to show that the court improperly relied on “false” testimony
or otherwise considered acquitted charges in determining the restitution award,
and the Record demonstrates that the court’s restitution ruling was not erroneous.

C. The Domestic Abuse Surcharge

¶14 Lodwick next claims the circuit court erred in assessing a domestic
abuse surcharge in connection with his conviction for disorderly conduct and
suggests that the court failed to make the required findings necessary to impose
the surcharge. To review Lodwick’s assertions on this point, this court would
need to review the circuit court’s findings and conclusions at the sentencing
hearing. However, the transcript from that hearing is not in the Record, and it was

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Lodwick’s responsibility as the appellant to ensure a complete Record on appeal.
See Gaethke v. Pozder, 2017 WI App 38, ¶36, 376 Wis. 2d 448, 899 N.W.2d 381
(“It is the appellant’s responsibility to ensure completion of the appellate record
and ‘when an appellate record is incomplete in connection with an issue raised by
the appellant, we must assume that the missing material supports the [circuit]
court’s ruling.’” (citation omitted)). This court therefore assumes the sentencing
transcript supports the circuit court’s decision regarding the domestic abuse
surcharge. See id.

¶15 Moreover, despite the absence of the sentencing hearing transcript,
information that is included in the Record demonstrates that the circuit court did
not err in imposing the domestic abuse surcharge because the facts satisfy the
requisite criteria under the applicable statutes, WIS. STAT. §§ 968.075(1)(a) and
973.055(1).5 Specifically, Lodwick testified that he lived with the victim, and he
also admitted that he directed profanities at the victim and had taken the victim’s
phone. These admissions support the court’s conclusion, and Lodwick has
otherwise failed to show that the court erred in imposing the surcharge.

D. Lodwick’s Expungement Motion

¶16 Lodwick also argues that the circuit court erroneously exercised its
discretion when it denied his expungement motion. However, because Lodwick
did not file that motion until after he filed his notice of appeal, this court does not

5
Pursuant to WIS. STAT. § 973.055(1)(a), if a circuit “court convicts the person of a
violation of a crime specified in,” inter alia, WIS. STAT. § 947.01(1), as Lodwick was here, “the
court shall impose a domestic abuse surcharge under [WISCONSIN. STAT.] ch. 814 of $100 for
each offense if” it “imposes a sentence on an adult person or places an adult person on probation,
regardless of whether any fine is imposed[.]”

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have jurisdiction to review the circuit court’s decision denying that motion.
Nevertheless, to the extent Lodwick’s one-sentence reference to expungement in
the “prayer for relief” section of his postconviction motion that the court denied in
September 2024 allows this court to address expungement, there is simply no
merit to his claim. Lodwick, who was 31 years old at the time of commission of
his crime, is statutorily ineligible for expungement. See WIS. STAT.
§ 973.015(1m)(a)1 (authorizing expungement for certain crimes “when a person is
under the age of 25 at the time of the commission of an offense.”). Further,
expungement requests must be made at sentencing. State v. Arberry, 2018 WI 7,
¶¶16-22, 379 Wis. 2d 254, 905 N.W.2d 832.

E. The Circuit Court Did Not Err in Denying Lodwick’s Motion for
Reconsideration.

¶17 To the extent Lodwick also appeals from the circuit court’s denial of
his motion for reconsideration, Lodwick fails to convince this court that the circuit
court erred. As noted above, a motion for reconsideration cannot simply rehash
arguments made in the initial motion but rather must identify either “newly
discovered evidence or establish a manifest error of law or fact.” Koepsell’s Old
Popcorn Wagons, Inc., 275 Wis. 2d 397, ¶44. Here, Lodwick’s motion for
reconsideration did not identify any “newly discovered evidence” that he had not
already presented in the earlier motion, and as explained above, the court applied
the appropriate law to each of the issues Lodwick raised in his initial motion
seeking a new trial. Accordingly, the court did not err in denying his motion for
reconsideration.

By the Court.—Orders affirmed.

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This opinion will not be published. See WIS. STAT.
RULE 809.23(1)(b)4.

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