Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies: Modifications and Revisions Guidance for Industry

Administrative guidance, not enacted legislation. This captured publisher edition preserves the listed document and attachments; later developments are not independently consolidated.

Risk Evaluation and
Mitigation Strategies:
Modifications and Revisions
Guidance for Industry
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Food and Drug Administration
Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER)
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER)
June 2020
Drug Safety
Revision 2

Risk Evaluation and
Mitigation Strategies:
Modifications and Revisions
Guidance for Industry
Additional copies are available from:
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Center for Drug Evaluation and Research
Food and Drug Administration
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Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002
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https://www.fda.gov/drugs/guidance-compliance-regulatory-information/guidances-drugs
and/or
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Food and Drug Administration
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Phone: 800-835-4709 or 240-402-8010; Email: ocod@fda.hhs.gov
https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/guidance-compliance-regulatory-information-biologics/biologics-guidances
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Food and Drug Administration
Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER)
Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER)
June 2020
Drug Safety
Revision 2

Contains Nonbinding Recommendations
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. 	INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 1
II. 	BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................... 2
III. 	POLICY ............................................................................................................................. 3
A. 	REMS Revisions ............................................................................................................................. 4
B. 	REMS Modifications ..................................................................................................................... 5
1. Minor REMS Modifications ............................................................................................................. 5
2. Major REMS Modifications ............................................................................................................. 7
IV. 	SUBMISSION PROCEDURES ..................................................................................... 10
A. 	General Considerations ............................................................................................................... 11
B. 	Content and Format .................................................................................................................... 11
1. Administrative Content .................................................................................................................. 11
2. REMS History ................................................................................................................................ 12
3. Adequate Rationale for REMS Modifications ................................................................................ 12
C. 	Submission of Proposed REMS Changes................................................................................... 13
V. 	FDA TIME FRAMES FOR REMS CHANGES .......................................................... 14
A. 	REMS Revisions ........................................................................................................................... 15
B. 	Minor REMS Modifications........................................................................................................ 15
C. 	Major REMS Modifications........................................................................................................ 15
D. 	REMS Modification Due to Safety Labeling Changes ............................................................. 15
E. 	Submissions Containing More Than One Type of REMS Change ......................................... 16
F. 	REMS Modifications Included in Other Submissions .............................................................. 16
G. 	Posting Revised and Modified REMS on the FDA Website ..................................................... 16
VI. 	CONTACT INFORMATION ........................................................................................ 16
APPENDIX: SUBMISSION PROCEDURES FOR CHANGES TO APPROVED REMS . 18

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Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies:
Modifications and Revisions
Guidance for Industry1
This guidance represents the current thinking of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA or Agency) on
this topic. It does not establish any rights for any person and is not binding on FDA or the public. You
can use an alternative approach if it satisfies the requirements of the applicable statutes and regulations.
To discuss an alternative approach, contact the FDA office responsible for this guidance as listed on the
title page.
I. 	INTRODUCTION
This guidance provides information on how the FDA defines the types of changes to an approved
risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (REMS), how application holders2 should submit changes
to an approved REMS,3 and how the FDA will process submissions from application holders for
changes to REMS. Specifically, this guidance provides information, as described in section 505-
1(h) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act), on what types of changes to
REMS will be considered modifications of the REMS and what types of changes will be
considered revisions of the REMS (changes that may be implemented following notification to
the FDA).4 This guidance is issued pursuant to section 505-1(h)(2)(A)(ii), (iii), and (iv) of the
FD&C Act and section 1132(c) of Public Law 112-144.
1 This guidance has been prepared by the Office of New Drugs, the Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology, and
the Office of Compliance in the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) in cooperation with the Center
for Biologics Evaluation and Research at the Food and Drug Administration. You may submit comments on this
guidance at any time. Submit comments to Docket No. FDA-2014-D-1747 (available at
https://www.regulations.gov/docket?D=FDA-2014-D-1747).
2 Under section 505-1(b)(7) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, the term responsible person means “the
person submitting a covered application or the holder of the approved such application.” For ease of reference, this
guidance refers to a responsible person as an application holder.
3 The REMS is the enforceable document that describes the elements that an application holder is required to
implement to mitigate a specific, serious risk listed in the labeling of the drug. All proposed materials that are
included as part of the REMS (e.g., communication and educational materials, Medication Guide, patient package
insert, enrollment forms, prescriber and patient agreements) are also approved and are appended to the REMS
document. This guidance refers to these materials as REMS materials.
4 See 21 U.S.C. 355-1(h)(2)(A) and P.L. 112-144, §1132(c).

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This guidance applies to all types of REMS, including REMS that are part of a shared system
(SS REMS).5,6
This guidance does not address additional submission procedures that may apply to application
holders proposing changes to REMS that are part of a shared system and that use a drug master
file (DMF) for their REMS submissions.7
This guidance is being issued consistent with the FDA’s good guidance practices regulation (21
CFR 10.115). The guidance represents the Agency’s current thinking on changes to REMS. It
does not create or confer any rights for or on any person and does not operate to bind FDA or the
public.
II. 	BACKGROUND
A REMS is a required risk management plan that uses tools beyond the prescribing information
(the package insert) to ensure that the benefits of certain drugs outweigh their risks.8 If the FDA
determines that a REMS is necessary to ensure that the benefits of a drug outweigh its risks, the
FDA is authorized to require a REMS for such a drug under section 505-1 of the FD&C Act.9
Section 505-1(g) and (h) includes provisions regarding the assessment and modification of an
approved REMS.
An application holder may propose a REMS modification at any time. In addition, when the
FDA determines that a modification of a REMS is necessary to ensure that the benefits of a drug
outweigh its risks, to minimize the burden on the health care delivery system of complying with
the REMS, or to accommodate different, comparable aspects of the elements to assure safe use
(ETASU) for a drug that is the subject of an application under section 505(j), and the applicable
listed drug, the FDA has the authority to require that the application holder submit a proposed
modification to a REMS under section 505-1(g) of the FD&C Act.
5 For the purposes of this guidance, a shared system REMS (SS REMS) is a program that encompasses multiple
prescription drugs and is developed and jointly implemented by two or more application holders. An SS REMS
includes a single, shared system REMS as defined in section 505-1(i)(1)(C) of the FD&C Act.
6 See the draft guidance for industry Development of a Shared System REMS (June 2018). When final, this guidance
will represent the FDA’s current thinking on this topic. For the most recent version of a guidance, check the FDA
guidance web page at https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents.
7 For submission procedures for changes to SS REMS that use a DMF for submissions, see the draft guidance for
industry Use of a Drug Master File for Shared System REMS Submissions (November 2017). When final, this
guidance will represent the FDA’s current thinking on this topic.
8 For the purposes of this guidance, unless otherwise specified, references to drugs include drugs approved under the
FD&C Act and biological products licensed under the Public Health Service Act (PHS Act), other than biological
products that also meet the definition of a device in section 201(h) of the FD&C Act (21 U.S.C. 321(h)).
9 Section 505-1 applies to applications for prescription drugs submitted under FD&C Act subsections 505(b) (i.e.,
new drug applications (NDAs)) or (j) (i.e., abbreviated new drug applications (ANDAs)), and applications under
section 351 of the PHS Act (i.e., biologics license applications).

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The Food and Drug Administration Safety and Innovation Act (FDASIA) amended the REMS
modification provisions under section 505-1(g) and (h) of the FD&C Act. Section 505-1(h), as
amended by FDASIA, requires the FDA to review and act on proposed minor modifications, as
defined in guidance, within 60 days.10 It also requires the FDA to establish, through guidance,
that certain modifications can be implemented following notification to the FDA.11 In addition,
section 505-1(h) requires the FDA to review and act on REMS modifications to conform the
strategy to approved safety labeling changes, or to a safety labeling change that the FDA has
directed the application holder make pursuant to section 505(o)(4) of the FD&C Act, within 60
days.12 Finally, section 505-1(g)(4)(A) of the FD&C Act as amended by FDASIA specifies that
proposed REMS modifications no longer require submission of a REMS assessment; instead,
proposed modifications must include an adequate rationale for the proposed changes.
Existing FDA regulations describe how to make changes to approved applications and include a
mechanism for rapid implementation of certain changes.13 Some changes must be submitted as a
prior approval supplement (PAS) and be approved before they are implemented. Changes-being-
effected (CBE) supplements may be implemented at the time they are submitted or 30 days
following submission.14 If a supplement was inappropriately submitted as a CBE, the FDA will
notify the application holder that the proposed change(s) require FDA approval before
implementation. A description of how these existing submission requirements apply to proposed
REMS changes is provided below in greater detail.
III. 	POLICY
Changes to REMS will be categorized as REMS revisions, minor REMS modifications, or major
REMS modifications, based on the degree of their potential effect on (1) the information
provided in the REMS related to the serious risk(s) associated with the drug; (2) the safe use of
10 See section 505-1(h)(2)(A)(ii) of the FD&C Act. Section 1132(c) of FDASIA also provides that the FDA “shall
issue guidance that, for purposes of section 505-1(h)(2)(A) of the [FD&C Act], describes the types of modifications
to approved risk evaluation and mitigation strategies that shall be considered to be minor modifications of such
strategies.”
11 See section 505-1(h)(2)(A)(iv) of the FD&C Act. The FDA interprets certain modifications that can be
implemented upon notification to the FDA to be changes to a REMS that are editorial in nature or appropriate for
submission in an annual report, and therefore, the FDA calls these REMS changes revisions to differentiate these
changes from modifications that require the submission of a supplement and the FDA review and action.
12 See section 505-1(h)(2)(A)(iii) of the FD&C Act.
13 See 21 CFR 314.70 and 601.12.
14 PAS-proposed changes must be approved by the FDA before implementation (21 CFR 314.70(b) and 21 CFR
601.12(b)(3) and (f)(1)). CBE supplements contain changes that may be implemented by the application holder
either immediately upon FDA receipt of the supplement (CBE-0 supplements) (21 CFR 314.70(c)(6) and
601.12(c)(5) and (f)(2)(ii)) or 30 days after FDA receipt of the supplement (CBE-30 supplements) (21 CFR
314.70(c) and 601.12(c)(3)).

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the drug; and/or (3) the actions that the application holder, patients, health care providers, and
other stakeholders must take to comply with the REMS.
Tables 1 through 4 provide examples of REMS revisions and minor and major REMS
modifications. These tables are intended to be a representative, rather than comprehensive, list
of examples.
A. 	REMS Revisions
REMS revisions are defined as editorial changes that do not affect:
• 	The information contained in the REMS document and/or REMS materials about the
serious risk or safe use of the drug
• 	The actions application holders, patients, health care providers, or other stakeholders
must take to comply with the REMS, or the REMS materials that support those actions
Examples of REMS revisions are provided in Table 1.
Table 1. REMS Revisions (Submitted as REMS Revisions and Summarized in the Annual
Report)15
Examples a
• 	Changes in the application holder name or address to reflect transfer of application
ownershipb
• 	Updates to the application holder’s contact information (e.g., mailing address, telephone
number, fax number, email address)
• 	Editorial changes, such as:
‒ 	Changes in International Classification of Diseases code(s) in the REMS materials or
on the REMS website
‒ 	Changes to the application holder’s internal tracking information (e.g., tracking
numbers) on REMS forms
‒ 	Changing the application holder’s signatory for a Dear Health Care Provider letter that
is part of the REMS materials
‒ 	Changing a trademark symbol, designated by ™, to the registered trademark symbol,
designated by ®
‒ 	Changes to the approved package count configuration that result in changes to the
REMS materials (e.g., a change in the national drug code number(s))
continued
15 See section IV., Submission Procedures.

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Table 1, continued
Examplesa
• 	Correction of grammatical, formatting, and/or typographical errors, for example:
“[DRUG] are is associated with the potential risk risks of seizure and hepatotoxicity.”
“Health care prviders providers who prescribe [DRUG] must be specally specially
certified.”
• 	The following changes to a Medication Guide that is an element of a REMS:c
‒ 	Changes in the application holder’s name and/or place of business d
‒ 	Insertions of the date of the most recent revision of the Medication Guide e
‒ 	Addition of the side effects statement and toll-free number for reporting adverse events
to a Medication Guide f
• 	Addition of an authorized generic for a drug in a shared system (SS) REMS when product-
specific information is not included in the REMS document and/or REMS materials
a The types of REMS changes in italic font are provided for illustrative purposes. Additions are noted by underline,
and deletions are noted by strikethrough.
b Application holders are responsible for reporting a transfer of ownership in accordance with Federal regulations.
The FDA must be notified in writing by the new and former application holders at the time of transfer in ownership
of a new drug application (NDA), abbreviated new drug application (ANDA), or biologics license application
(BLA) (21 CFR 314.72; 21 CFR 601.12(f)(1)).
c See 21 CFR 314.70(b)(2)(v)(B) for NDAs and 21 CFR 601.12(f)(3)(C) for BLAs.
d See 21 CFR 208.20(b)(8)(iii).
e See 21 CFR 208.20(b)(8)(iv).
f See the guidance for industry Medication Guides — Adding a Toll-Free Number for Reporting Adverse Events
(June 2009). We update guidances periodically. For the most recent version of a guidance, check the FDA
guidance web page at https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents.
B. 	REMS Modifications
Proposed REMS modifications are divided into two categories: minor modifications and major
modifications.
1. 	Minor REMS Modifications
Minor REMS modifications are defined as changes that have a limited effect on:
• 	The information contained in the REMS document and/or REMS materials about the
serious risk or safe use of the drug
• 	The actions application holders, patients, health care providers, or other stakeholders
must take to comply with the REMS, or the REMS materials that support those actions
These modifications should be submitted as CBE-30 supplements (see section IV., Submission
Procedures). Examples of minor REMS modifications are provided in Table 2.

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Table 2. Minor REMS Modifications (Submitted as CBE-30 Supplements16)
Type of Change 	Examples
Minor modifications
that have a limited
effect on information
contained in the
REMS about the
serious risk or safe use
of the drug
• 	Addition of an approved new strength or dosage regimen of the
druga
• 	Removal of a strength or dosage form of the drug (other than
from the Medication Guide) because either
o 	FDA approval has been withdrawn and documented
by publication of a Federal Register notice for the
strength/dosage form, or
o 	The FDA has determined that the strength/dosage
form was withdrawn from sale for reasons of safety or
effectiveness
• 	Addition of an authorized generic to a single drug REMS
• 	Addition of an authorized generic for a drug in a shared system
(SS) REMS when product-specific information is in the REMS
document and/or REMS materials.
• 	Adding, removing, or changing information about another drug
that is mentioned in the REMS document and/or materials, but is
not the drug for which the REMS was required
‒ 	Adding a new, recently approved drug to a class of drugs
already mentioned in the REMS materials as having the
potential to cause drug-drug interactions
• 	Adding information previously reviewed and approved for one
application that is part of an SS REMS to the REMS document
and/or REMS materials for the other applications in the SS
REMS
‒ 	Adding a new, recently approved drug in a class to the REMS
document and/or REMS materials for the other applications in
the SS REMS
‒ 	Adding new information about an existing drug in a class to
the REMS document and/or REMS materials for the other
applications in the SS REMS
• 	Changes to graphics, including changes to the existing
manufacturer’s logo or the logo for the REMS program
continued
16 See section IV., Submission Procedures.

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Table 2, continued
Type of Change 	Examples
Minor modifications
that have a limited
effect on the actions
application holders,
patients, health care
providers, and other
stakeholders must take
to comply with the
REMS
• 	Adding a professional society to the list of required recipients of a
Dear Health Care Provider letter required in the REMS materials
• 	Converting an existing prescriber enrollment form into another
format to allow for online registration, in addition to paper
enrollment via email or fax, without altering the prescriber
certification requirements
• 	Creating or converting an existing health care facility enrollment
form to allow closed (i.e., self-contained) health care systems to
enroll
• 	Changing an existing health care provider or patient enrollment
form to collect additional demographic information
• 	Changes to the hours of operation for the REMS call center
• 	Limited changes to the REMS website to improve functionality
(ease of use) for stakeholders
• 	Limited changes to the REMS website to clarify current processes
required of stakeholders (e.g., changes to clarify how health care
providers should navigate the website to complete enrollment in
the REMS)
• 	Adding approved REMS materials (new or modified) to the
REMS website
• 	Changing the timetable for submission of assessment for REMS
involving multiple drugs in the same class and owned by the
same application holder to synchronize the assessment due date(s)
• 	Reordering the risk information in the REMS materials
a Proposals for a new dose regimen or strength of a drug are submitted as supplemental efficacy or chemistry,
manufacturing, and controls (CMC) applications. Proposed REMS modifications submitted or required as part of
an efficacy or CMC supplement will be reviewed and acted on as part of that supplement, and not according to the
time frames described above for REMS revisions, minor modifications, or major modifications. See section V.F.,
REMS Modifications Included in Other Submissions.
2. 	Major REMS Modifications
Major REMS modifications are defined as changes that have a substantial effect on:
• 	The information contained in the REMS document and/or REMS materials about the
serious risk or safe use of the drug
• 	The actions application holders, patients, health care providers, or other stakeholders
must take to comply with the REMS, or the REMS materials that support those actions

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Major REMS modifications include changes to provide new information about the serious risk(s)
or safe use of the drug. In addition, modifications to the strategy due to approved safety labeling
changes, or to a safety labeling change that the FDA has directed the application holder to make
pursuant to section 505(o)(4) of the FD&C Act, are considered major REMS modifications. The
FDA interprets REMS modifications that conform to safety labeling changes in section 505-
1(h)(2)(A)(iii) of the FD&C Act to refer to modifications that transfer the newly approved
labeling language into the existing REMS and/or REMS materials. Overall design,
programmatic, and/or implementation changes to the REMS that result from approved (or
ordered) safety labeling changes are not considered conforming REMS modifications.
Examples of major REMS modifications are provided in Tables 3 and 4. Major REMS
modifications should be submitted as a PAS (see section IV., Submission Procedures).
Table 3. Major REMS Modifications (Submitted as a PAS17)
Type of Change 	Examples
Major modifications
that have a substantial
effect on information
contained in the REMS
about the serious risk
or safe use of the drug
• 	Addition, removal, or change to a REMS goal
• 	Addition of new information about the serious risks associated
with the drug
• 	Addition of a new indication for use that may alter the serious
risks (in relation to benefits) of the drug for the new patient
populationa
• 	Addition of new information about drug administration that
affects patient safety
• 	Changing the type, frequency, and/or timing of patient
laboratory testing required as part of the documentation of safe-
use conditions
• 	Any change to a Medication Guide that is an element of a REMS
and for which FDA approval of the change is required b
continued
17 See section IV., Submission Procedures.

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Table 3, continued
Type of Change 	Examples
Major modifications
that have a substantial
effect on the actions
application holders,
patients, health care
providers, and other
stakeholders must take
to comply with the
REMS
• 	Removing or adding an element of the REMS
• 	Substantially modifying an existing REMS element, including:
‒ 	Changes to the timetable for submission of assessments of
the REMS that alter the frequency and/or number of the
assessments
‒ 	Changes to an ETASUc that modify the verification process
required for the drug to be dispensed to patients
‒ 	Adding a new letter to health professional societies to the
REMS materials to describe new or clarified information
about a serious risk
‒ 	Adding/removing the REMS website from the
communication plan or an ETASU
• 	Substantial changes to a REMS tool, including:
‒ 	Changing the prescriber enrollment form to add/remove an
attestation that the prescriber understands the serious risk(s)
of the drug
‒ 	Extensive changes to a patient brochure to better educate
patients about the serious risk(s) of the drug
‒ 	Adding or removing a prescriber educational tool, such as a
slide deck or safety information brochure
• 	Modification that proposes releasing the REMS requirement
• 	Changing a REMS for an individual drug to a shared system
(SS) REMSd
a See section V.F., REMS Modifications Included in Other Submissions.
b See 21 CFR 314.70(b)(2)(v)(B) and 601.12(f)(1). For a Medication Guide that is an element of a REMS, if the
changes are required under section 505(o)(4) of the FD&C Act, the changes should be submitted in accordance
with the procedures described in the guidance for industry Safety Labeling Changes — Implementation of Section
505(o)(4) of the FD&C Act (July 2013).
c ETASU = elements to assure safe use
d See the draft guidance for industry Development of a Shared System REMS (June 2018) for additional policies and
procedures for modifying the REMS for an individual drug to an SS REMS. When final, this guidance will
represent the FDA’s current thinking on this topic. For the most recent version of a guidance, check the FDA
guidance web page at https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents.

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Table 4. REMS Modifications Due to Safety Labeling Changes (Type of Major
Modification, Submitted as a PAS18)
Type of Change 	Examples
Changes that are
considered conforming
(i.e., modifications that
transfer the newly
approved labeling
language into the
existing REMS and/or
REMS materials (60-
day review))
• 	Updating language in the existing prescriber or pharmacy
training materials to reflect approved safety labeling changes
made to the WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS section of the
package insert.
• 	Addition of newly approved language from the product labeling
describing new adverse reactions and drug-drug interactions to
the REMS patient education brochure
Changes that are not
considered conforming
(i.e., overall
programmatic and/or
implementation
changes to the REMS
that result from
approved (or ordered)
safety labeling changes
(180-day review))
• 	Addition of a new ETASUa requiring the documentation of safe-
use conditions, based on the newly approved language in the
BOXED WARNING and CONTRAINDICATIONS sections of
the package insert
• 	Addition of a new Dear Health Care Provider letter to the REMS
materials that describes a new serious risk added to the product
labeling
• 	Extensive changes to prescriber training materials to add new
patient monitoring procedures necessary to address a new
serious risk described in approved product labeling
a ETASU = elements to assure safe use
IV. 	SUBMISSION PROCEDURES
This section provides an overview of submission procedures that apply to all REMS changes
(revisions and modifications). The Appendix summarizes the relevant information that should
be included in these submissions.19
18 See section IV., Submission Procedures.
19 The Electronic Submissions Gateway web page (available at https://www.fda.gov/industry/electronic-
submissions-gateway) provides email addresses to which application holders can send questions about electronic
submissions (e.g., location of REMS materials in the electronic common technical document) and general questions
about sending electronic submissions through the electronic submissions gateway. Application holders also can
refer to the guidance for industry Providing Regulatory Submissions in Electronic Format — General
Considerations (January 1999).

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A. 	General Considerations
When the FDA requires a REMS change,20 the FDA will describe the required change and the
type of submission that is needed (CBE-30 supplement or PAS).
Application holders who wish to seek advice from the FDA before submission of a proposed
REMS modification may do so in accordance with established FDA procedures.21
B. 	Content and Format
1. 	Administrative Content
Submissions should include:
a) 	The appropriate submission identifier in bold capital letters at the top of the first page
of the submission and completed Form FDA 356h (see the Appendix).
b) 	A detailed description of the REMS changes to allow the FDA to determine quickly if
the appropriate submission category has been used. This information can be included
in the submission or the cover letter.
c) 	A clean (without track changes) Word version of the changed REMS and REMS
materials.
d) 	A redlined (track changes) Word version of the changed REMS and REMS materials.
e) 	One PDF file that includes a clean version of the changed REMS document and
REMS materials.
f) 	A clean (without track changes) Word version of the updated REMS supporting
document22 to align with changes made to the REMS document and REMS materials,
as appropriate.
g) 	A redlined (track changes) Word version of the updated REMS supporting document.
20 See section 505-1(g)(4)(B) of the FD&C Act.
21 See the draft guidance for industry Formal Meetings Between the FDA and Sponsors or Applicants of PDUFA
Products (December 2017). When final, this guidance will represent the FDA’s current thinking on this topic.
Application holders seeking FDA advice about proposed modifications to REMS for drugs approved under an
ANDA should contact the Office of Bioequivalence in the Office of Generic Drugs in CDER (see section VI.,
Contact Information).
22 The REMS supporting document expands on information in the REMS document and provides additional
information about the REMS, such as the rationale for, and supporting information about, the design,
implementation, and assessment of the REMS. See the draft guidance for industry Format and Content of a REMS
Document (October 2017). When final, this guidance will represent the FDA’s current thinking on this topic. The
statutory requirements for REMS revisions and modifications do not apply to the REMS supporting document (i.e.,
changes to the REMS supporting document are neither REMS revisions nor modifications).

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h) 	A REMS history of all changes to the REMS since originally approved (see section
IV.B.2., REMS History).
i) 	For REMS modifications only: An adequate rationale for the proposed
modifications (see section IV.B.3., Adequate Rationale for REMS Modifications).
2. 	REMS History
For all REMS changes, the FDA recommends application holders include a REMS history that
outlines all changes made to the REMS since its original approval.
The REMS history should be similar in format to the history of labeling changes provided in
submissions containing new labeling.23,24 The REMS history should be in a tabular format that
lists all approved and/or pending REMS changes with the approval or submission date
(respectively), a summary of the changes (revisions and/or modifications), and a list of affected
REMS materials.
3. 	Adequate Rationale for REMS Modifications
All proposed REMS modifications (minor or major) initiated by the application holder must
include an adequate rationale.25 The rationale may include, but is not limited to, the reason(s)
why the proposed modification is necessary; the potential effect of the proposed modification on
how the REMS addresses the serious risk(s) for which the REMS was required, on patient access
to the drug, and/or on the burden on the health care delivery system; and other appropriate
evidence or data to support the proposed change. If a REMS assessment was submitted in the
previous 18 months and includes data to support the proposed modifications, then it can be
referenced as the adequate rationale.
When considering a proposed REMS modification as part of an efficacy supplement for a new
indication for use (see section IV.C., Submission of Proposed REMS Changes), the REMS
assessment that is required in accordance with section 505-1(g)(2)(A) of the FD&C Act will be
considered the adequate rationale to support the proposed REMS modification. This adequate
rationale should include:
• 	In every case: An evaluation of how the benefit-risk profile will or will not change with
the new indication and the implications of any changes on the currently approved REMS
23 See the eCTD Technical Conformance Guide, Technical Specifications Document available at
https://www.fda.gov/drugs/electronic-regulatory-submission-and-review/electronic-common-technical-document-
ectd. This document is incorporated by reference in the guidance for industry Providing Regulatory Submissions in
Electronic Format — Certain Human Pharmaceutical Product Applications and Related Submissions Using the
eCTD Specifications (February 2020).
24 For an example of a REMS history, see the draft guidance for industry Use of a Drug Master File for Shared
System REMS Submissions. When final, this guidance will represent the FDA’s current thinking on this topic.
25 See section 505-1(g)(4)(A) of the FD&C Act.

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• 	If the new, proposed indication for use introduces unexpected risks: A description of
those risks and an evaluation of whether those risks can be appropriately managed with
the currently approved REMS
• 	If the proposed REMS modification is based on a change in the benefit-risk profile or
because of the new indication of use: Explanation of the reason(s) why the proposed
REMS modification is necessary; the potential effect of the proposed changes on how the
REMS addresses the serious risk(s) for which the program was required, on patient
access to the drug, and/or on the burden on the health care delivery system; and other
appropriate evidence or data to support the proposed change
• 	If a REMS assessment was submitted in the 18 months before submission of the
supplemental application for a new indication for use: A statement about whether the
REMS was meeting its goals at the time of the last assessment and if any modifications of
the REMS have been proposed since that assessment
• 	If a REMS assessment was not submitted in the 18 months before submission of the
supplemental application for a new indication for use: Include as many of the currently
listed assessment plan items as feasible
If the proposed REMS modifications are submitted in accordance with an FDA requirement to
modify the REMS,26 submission of an adequate rationale is not required as long as the proposed
changes are identical to or consistent with those specified by the FDA. If the proposed REMS
modification supplement includes changes that differ from the modifications described by the
FDA, an adequate rationale is required for those proposed changes in accordance with section
505-1(g)(4)(A) of the FD&C Act.
If the proposed REMS modifications are due to approved safety labeling changes or to safety
labeling changes that the FDA has ordered the application holder to make, the adequate rationale
can consist of a statement that the REMS changes are submitted due to the approved or ordered
safety labeling changes (see section V.D., REMS Modification Due to Safety Labeling Changes).
C. 	Submission of Proposed REMS Changes
Revisions should be submitted as “REMS Revision,” a submission type similar to drug
correspondence. REMS revisions should be documented in the next annual report27 and
submitted at the time the revisions are implemented so that the current REMS document and
26 See section 505-1(g)(4)(B) of the FD&C Act.
27 A summary of REMS revisions should be included under section c of the next NDA, biologics license application,
(BLA), or ANDA annual report (21 CFR 314.81(b)(2)(iii)(c)).

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REMS materials are publicly displayed on the FDA web page of approved REMS.28,29 Because
REMS revisions are not submitted as supplemental applications, they do not require FDA action
and can be implemented following receipt by the FDA.
Proposed minor REMS modifications should be submitted as a CBE-30 supplement; proposed
major modifications should be submitted as a PAS.
Proposed REMS modifications submitted to conform a REMS to approved or ordered safety
labeling changes are major modifications and should be submitted as a PAS. However, these
modifications are subject to a different time frame for review than other major modifications and
safety labeling changes supplements submitted under section 505(o)(4) (see section V.D., REMS
Modification Due to Safety Labeling Changes).
Application holders can submit multiple proposed REMS modifications of the same type (e.g.,
multiple minor modifications) in a single submission.
Application holders also can submit a single submission that contains REMS changes of
different types (e.g., REMS revisions and minor (or major) modifications; or minor
modifications and major modifications). However, a single submission with multiple REMS
changes will affect the time frame for review of the submission (see section V.E., Submissions
Containing More Than One Type of REMS Change).
A REMS assessment, supplemental efficacy application, or a supplemental chemistry,
manufacturing, and controls (CMC) application may result in changes to an approved REMS.30
REMS modifications included in these applications should include the relevant information for
the submission and should be submitted according to the instructions described in the Appendix.
V. 	FDA TIME FRAMES31 FOR REMS CHANGES
The FDA will promptly assess submissions that contain proposed REMS changes to determine
whether the proposed changes meet the criteria for the type of submission used (i.e., CBE-30 for
minor REMS modifications or a PAS for major REMS modifications, including REMS
modifications due to safety labeling changes). If the FDA determines that the REMS changes
are not appropriately categorized and submitted, the FDA will notify the application holder, in
writing, within 14 days of receipt of the submission, and as described in the following
subsections.
28 See section 505-1(h)(2)(C) of the FD&C Act.
29 See the FDA web page Approved Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies (REMS) — REMS@FDA, available
at https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/rems/index.cfm.
30 Examples of REMS modifications that may result from efficacy supplements include addition of a new dosing
regimen or a new indication for use (see Tables 2 and 3). An example of a REMS modification that may result from
a CMC supplement is addition of a new packaging to the REMS document and/or the appended REMS materials.
31 The time frames described in this section refer to calendar days.

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A. 	REMS Revisions
REMS revisions are not submitted as supplemental applications; therefore, they do not require
FDA action. Application holders can implement REMS revisions following receipt by the FDA.
B. 	Minor REMS Modifications
The FDA will review and act on proposed minor REMS modifications within 60 days of
receipt.32 Although the application holder can implement the modified REMS 30 days after
receipt by the FDA, the changes to the REMS are not considered final until approved by the
FDA.
If the FDA informs the application holder (within 14 days of receipt) that information necessary
for the FDA to act on the submission is missing, the application holder should delay
implementation. The missing information should be submitted as soon as possible, but no later
than 10 days after notification. If the missing information is not received within 10 days of the
FDA request, the FDA may issue a complete response letter.
C. 	Major REMS Modifications
The FDA will review and act on proposed major REMS modifications within 180 days of
receipt.33 Proposed major REMS modifications must not be implemented before FDA
approval.34
D. 	REMS Modification Due to Safety Labeling Changes
The FDA will review and act on proposed conforming REMS modifications within 60 days of
receipt and will review and act on modifications not considered conforming within 180 days of
receipt. Proposed major REMS modifications, including modifications due to safety labeling
changes, must not be implemented before FDA approval.35
The 60- or 180-day review time frame does not begin until the FDA receives the REMS
modification to conform or align with the approved (or ordered) safety labeling changes. Even if
a REMS modification due to a safety labeling changes supplement is submitted at the same time
as the corresponding proposed safety labeling changes, or after submission but before the
32 See section 505-1(h)(2)(A)(ii) of the FD&C Act.
33 See section 505-1(h)(2)(A)(i) of the FD&C Act. The 180-day review time frame does not apply if the dispute
resolution process described in section 505-1(h)(4) applies.
34 See 21 CFR 314.70(b) and 21 CFR 601.12(b)(3) and (f)(1).
35 See 21 CFR 314.70(b)(3). It is the FDA’s view that the labeling changes process under 21 CFR 314.70 and
601.12 continues to be available to application holders in situations in which application holders become aware of
newly acquired information, including in circumstances that meet the criteria for submission of a CBE-0.

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approval of the labeling supplement (see section IV.C., Submission of Proposed REMS
Changes), the 60- or 180-day review time frame does not begin until the associated labeling
supplement is approved (or ordered)36 and the REMS modification supplement is amended, if
necessary, to accurately reflect the approved labeling.
E. 	Submissions Containing More Than One Type of REMS Change
Because the FDA takes one action per supplement, submissions that contain REMS changes of
different types will be reviewed and acted on based on the time frame for the longer review
clock. Therefore, the FDA will review and act on submissions that include both minor and major
REMS modifications within 180 days of receipt (to allow sufficient time for review of the major
modifications). The FDA will review and act on submissions containing both minor
modifications and REMS revisions within 60 days (to allow sufficient time for review of the
minor modifications).
F. 	REMS Modifications Included in Other Submissions
Proposed REMS modifications submitted with a REMS assessment required in accordance with
the timetable for submission of assessments of the REMS will be reviewed concurrently with the
REMS assessments. Action on the proposed REMS modifications will follow review of the
REMS assessment.
Proposed REMS modifications submitted in an efficacy or CMC supplement will be reviewed
and acted on as part of that supplement, and not according to the time frames described above.37
REMS modifications submitted as part of an efficacy or CMC supplement may not be
implemented until approved.
G. 	Posting Revised and Modified REMS on the FDA Website
The FDA intends to post updated REMS reflecting REMS revisions on the website within 14
days of receipt of the submission.38
The FDA intends to post updated REMS reflecting REMS modifications on the website within 3
days of approval.
VI. 	CONTACT INFORMATION
The contacts for questions about a proposed REMS revision or modification are as follows:
36 See section 505-1(h)(2)(A)(iii) of the FD&C Act.
37 For more information on the FDA’s review of efficacy supplements, see the guidance for industry Standards for
the Prompt Review of Efficacy Supplements, Including Priority Efficacy Supplements (May 1998). For more
information on the FDA’s review of CMC supplements, see the guidance for industry Changes to an Approved NDA
or ANDA (April 2004).
38 See https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/rems/.

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• 	Center for Drug Evaluation and Research:
‒ 	For a drug under a new drug application or biologics license application: the
regulatory project manager in the Office of New Drugs review division responsible
for that drug
‒ 	For a drug under an abbreviated new drug application: the REMS coordinator in the
Office of Bioequivalence in the Office of Generic Drugs
‒ 	For modifications of SS REMS: the regulatory project manager in the Project
Management Staff, Office of Surveillance and Epidemiology
• 	Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research:
‒ 	The regulatory project manager in the office responsible for that drug

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APPENDIX:
SUBMISSION PROCEDURES FOR CHANGES TO APPROVED REMS
Table A summarizes the relevant information to include in submissions for changes (revisions
and modifications) to approved risk evaluation and mitigation strategies (REMS).
Table A: Information to Include in Submissions of Proposed REMS Changes
Type of
REMS
Change/
Submission
Type
Submission
Identifier
Instructions for
Completing
Form FDA
356h1
Other
Administrat
ive Content2
REMS
History 3
Adequate
Rationale
4
REMS
Revision REMS REVISION
Field 21 – Select
“Other” and
enter “REMS
Revision”
Field 25 – Enter
“REMS
Revision”
Items 5 b-h 	Recommended Not
required
Minor
REMS
Modification
NEW
SUPPLEMENT
FOR [NDA/BLA/
ANDA] 6
[assigned #]
CHANGES
BEING
EFFECTED IN 30
DAYS
PROPOSED
MINOR REMS
MODIFICATION
Field 21 – Select
“REMS
Supplement”
Field 23 – Select
“CBE-30”
Field 25 – Enter
“Proposed Minor
REMS
Modification”
Items b-i 	Recommended 	Required
continued

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Table A, continued
Type of
REMS
Change/
Submission
Type
Submission
Identifier
Instructions for
Completing
Form FDA
356h1
Other
Administrat
ive Content2
REMS
History 3
Adequate
Rationale
4
Major REMS
Modification
NEW
SUPPLEMENT
FOR [NDA/BLA/
ANDA]
[assigned #]
PRIOR
APPROVAL
SUPPLEMENT
PROPOSED
MAJOR REMS
MODIFICATION
Field 21 – Select
“REMS
Supplement”
Field 23 – Select
“Prior Approval
(PA)”
Field 25 – Enter
“Proposed Major
REMS
Modification”
Items b-i 	Recommended 	Required
REMS
Modification
Due to
Safety
Labeling
Changes
(Major
REMS
Modification)
NEW
SUPPLEMENT
FOR [NDA/BLA/
ANDA]
[assigned #]
PRIOR
APPROVAL
SUPPLEMENT
PROPOSED
REMS
MODIFICATIONS
DUE TO SAFETY
LABELING
CHANGES
SUBMITTED IN
SUPPLEMENT
[supplement #]
Field 21 – Select
“REMS
Supplement”
Field 23 – Select
“Prior Approval
(PA)”
Field 25 – Enter
“Proposed
REMS
Modification
Due to Safety
Labeling
Changes
Submitted in
Supplement
[supplement #]”
Items b-i 	Recommended 	Required
continued

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Table A, continued
Type of
REMS
Change/
Submission
Type
Submission
Identifier
Instructions for
Completing
Form FDA
356h1
Other
Administrat
ive Content2
REMS
History 3
Adequate
Rationale
4
Multiple
Types of
REMS
Changes in
Same
Submission
NEW
SUPPLEMENT
FOR [NDA/BLA/
ANDA]
[assigned #]
PRIOR
APPROVAL
SUPPLEMENT or
CHANGES
BEING
EFFECTED IN 30
DAYS
PROPOSED
REMS
MODIFICATIONS
Field 21 – Select
“REMS
Supplement”
Field 23 – Select
“Prior Approval
(PA)” or “CBE-
30”
Field 25 – Enter
“Proposed
REMS
Modification”
Items b-i 	Recommended 	Required
continued

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21
Table A, continued
Type of
REMS
Change/
Submission
Type
Submission
Identifier
Instructions for
Completing
Form FDA
356h1
Other
Administrat
ive Content2
REMS
History 3
Adequate
Rationale
4
Efficacy
Supplement
With
Proposed
REMS
Modifications
NEW
SUPPLEMENT
FOR [NDA/BLA]
[assigned #]
PRIOR
APPROVAL
SUPPLEMENT
< other supplement
identification >
[EFFICACY
SUBMISSION
CONTENT
INFORMATION]
PROPOSED
REMS
MODIFICATION
Field 21 – Select
“Efficacy
Supplement”
and “REMS
Supplement”
Field 23 – Select
“Prior Approval
(PA)”
Field 25 – Enter
“Efficacy
Supplement”
and “Proposed
REMS
Modification”
Items b-i 	Recommended 	Required
continued

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Table A, continued
Type of
REMS
Change/
Submission
Type
Submission
Identifier
Instructions for
Completing
Form FDA
356h1
Other
Administrat
ive Content2
REMS
History 3
Adequate
Rationale
4
CMC6
Supplement
With
Proposed
REMS
Modifications
NEW
SUPPLEMENT
FOR [NDA/BLA/
ANDA]
[assigned #]
PRIOR
APPROVAL
SUPPLEMENT or
CHANGES
BEING
EFFECTED in 30
Days
< other supplement
identification >
[CMC
SUBMISSION
CONTENT
INFORMATION]
PROPOSED
REMS
MODIFICATION
Field 21 – Select
“CMC
Supplement”
and “REMS
Supplement”
Field 23 – Select
“CBE-30” or
“Prior Approval
(PA)”
Field 25 – Enter
“CMC
Supplement”
and “Proposed
REMS
Modification”
Items b-i 	Recommended 	Required
continued

Contains Nonbinding Recommendations
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Table A, continued
Type of
REMS
Change/
Submission
Type
Submission
Identifier
Instructions for
Completing
Form FDA
356h1
Other
Administrat
ive Content2
REMS
History 3
Adequate
Rationale
4
REMS
Assessment
With
Proposed
REMS
Modifications
NEW
SUPPLEMENT
FOR [NDA/BLA/
ANDA]
[assigned #]
PRIOR
APPROVAL
SUPPLEMENT or
CHANGES
BEING
EFFECTED in 30
Days
REMS
MODIFICATION/
REMS
ASSESSMENT
Field 21 – Select
“REMS
Supplement”
and “Other”;
then enter
“REMS
Assessment”
Field 23 – Select
“CBE-30” or
“Prior Approval
(PA)”
Field 25 – Enter
“REMS
Assessment”
and “Proposed
REMS
Modification”
Items b-i 	Recommended
Required:
The
required
REMS
assess-
ment
included
with the
supple-
ment is
considered
the
adequate
rationale
1 The field numbers in this column correspond to the number boxes on Form FDA 356h, Application to Market a
New or Abbreviated New Drug or Biologic for Human Use.
2 See section IV.B.1., Administrative Content, of the guidance.
3 See section IV.B.2., REMS History, of the guidance.
4 See section IV.B.3., Adequate Rationale for REMS Modifications, of the guidance.
5 Items as listed in section IV.B.1., Administrative Content, of the guidance.
6 NDA = new drug application; BLA = biologics license application; ANDA = abbreviated new drug application;
CMC = chemistry, manufacturing, and controls