act-2000-0-114•Pennsylvania Act 2000-114 — REAL AND PERSONAL PROPERTY (68 PA.C.S.) - AMEND
Pennsylvania Act 2000-114 — REAL AND PERSONAL PROPERTY (68 PA.C.S.) - AMEND
act-2000-0-1142000 Pa. Act 114Law
Act text
REAL AND PERSONAL PROPERTY (68 PA.C.S.) - AMEND
Act of Dec. 20, 2000, P.L. 815, No. 114 Cl. 68
Session of 2000
No. 2000-114
SB 1032
AN ACT
Amending Title 68 (Real and Personal Property) of the
Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes, relating to residential
real estate transfers; providing for disclosures by sellers
of residential real estate and for home inspections; and
making a repeal.
The General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
hereby enacts as follows:
Section 1. Title 68 of the Pennsylvania Consolidated Statutes
is amended by adding a part to read:
PART III
RESIDENTIAL REAL PROPERTY
Chapter
71. General Provisions
73. Seller Disclosures
75. Home Inspections
CHAPTER 71
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Sec.
7101. Short title of part.
7102. Definitions.
7103. Application of part.
§ 7101. Short title of part.
This part shall be known and may be cited as the Residential
Real Estate Transfers Law.
§ 7102. Definitions.
Subject to additional definitions contained in subsequent
provisions of this part which are applicable to specific
provisions of this part, the following words and phrases when
used in this part shall have the meanings given to them in this
section unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:
"Agent." Any broker, associate broker or salesperson, as
defined in the act of February 19, 1980 (P.L.15, No.9), known as
the Real Estate Licensing and Registration Act.
"Agreement of transfer." A contract between a buyer and
seller setting forth the terms of a residential real estate
transfer.
"Buyer." Any person receiving any estate or interest in real
property in a transfer subject to this part.
"Commission." The State Real Estate Commission.
"Final settlement." The time at which the buyer and seller
have signed and delivered all papers and consideration necessary
to convey title to the estate or interest in real property being
conveyed.
"Material defect." A problem with a residential real
property or any portion of it that would have a significant
adverse impact on the value of the property or that involves an
unreasonable risk to people on the property. The fact that a
structural element, system or subsystem is near, at or beyond
the end of the normal useful life of such a structural element,
system or subsystem is not by itself a material defect.
"Seller." Any person transferring any estate or interest in
residential real property in a transfer subject to this part.
§ 7103. Application of part.
(a) General rule.--This part shall apply to and the term
"residential real estate transfer" when used in this part shall
mean a transfer of any interest in real property located within
this Commonwealth, other than a transfer described in subsection
(b), that consists of not less than one nor more than four
residential dwelling units, whether by sale, exchange,
installment sales contract, lease with an option to purchase,
grant or transfer of unit in a residential condominium or
cooperative.
(b) Exceptions.--This part shall not apply to a transfer:
(1) Pursuant to court order, including, but not limited
to, transfers ordered by a probate court in the
administration of an estate, transfers pursuant to a writ of
execution, transfers by a trustee in bankruptcy, transfers by
eminent domain and condemnation and transfers resulting from
a decree for specific performance.
(2) To a mortgagee by a mortgagor or successor in
interest who is in default; to a beneficiary of a deed of
trust by a trustee or successor in interest who is in
default; by any foreclosure sale after default in an
obligation secured by a mortgage; by a sale under a power of
sale or any foreclosure sale under a decree of foreclosure
after default in an obligation secured by a deed of trust or
secured by any other instrument containing a power of sale;
or by a mortgagee or a beneficiary under a deed of trust who
has acquired the real property at a sale conducted pursuant
to a power of sale under a mortgage or deed of trust or a
sale pursuant to a decree of foreclosure or who has acquired
the real property by a deed in lieu of foreclosure.
(3) From one co-owner to one or more other co-owners.
(4) Made to a spouse or to a person or persons in the
lineal line of consanguinity of one or more of the
transferors.
(5) Between spouses resulting from a decree of
dissolution of marriage or a decree of legal separation or
from a property settlement agreement incidental to the
decree.
(6) By a corporation, partnership or other association
to its shareholders, partners or other equity owners in
connection with the liquidation of the corporation,
partnership or other association.
(7) Of a property to be converted by the buyer into a
use other than residential use or to be demolished.
(8) Of unimproved real property.
CHAPTER 73
SELLER DISCLOSURES
Sec.
7301. Short title of chapter.
7302. Application of chapter.
7303. Disclosure of material defects.
7304. Disclosure form.
7305. Delivery of disclosure form.
7306. Information unavailable to seller.
7307. Information subsequently rendered inaccurate.
7308. Affirmative duty of seller.
7309. Nonliability of seller.
7310. Nonliability of agent.
7311. Failure to comply.
7312. Amendment of disclosure.
7313. Specification of items for disclosure no limitation on
other disclosure obligations.
7314. Cause of action.
7315. Preemption of local requirements.
§ 7301. Short title of chapter.
This chapter shall be known and may be cited as the Real
Estate Seller Disclosure Law.
§ 7302. Application of chapter.
(a) General rule.--This chapter shall apply to all
residential real estate transfers except the following:
(1) Transfers by a fiduciary in the course of the
administration of a decedent's estate, guardianship,
conservatorship or trust.
(2) Transfers of new residential construction that has
not been previously occupied when:
(i) the buyer has received a one-year or longer
written warranty covering such construction;
(ii) the dwelling has been inspected for compliance
with the applicable building code or, if there is no
applicable code, for compliance with a nationally
recognized model building code; and
(iii) a certificate of occupancy or a certificate of
code compliance has been issued for the dwelling.
(b) Limitations in the case of condominiums or
cooperatives.--Any seller of a unit in a condominium created
under Subpart B of Part II (relating to condominiums) or a
similar provision of prior law or a cooperative as defined in
section 4103 (relating to definitions) shall be obligated to
make disclosures under this chapter only with respect to the
seller's own unit and shall not be obligated by this chapter to
make any disclosure with respect to any common elements or
common facilities of the condominium or cooperative. The
provisions of section 3407 (relating to resales of units) shall
control disclosures a seller is required to make concerning
common elements in a condominium, and section 4409 (relating to
resales of cooperative interests) shall control disclosures a
seller is required to make concerning common elements in a
cooperative.
§ 7303. Disclosure of material defects.
Any seller who intends to transfer any interest in real
property shall disclose to the buyer any material defects with
the property known to the seller by completing all applicable
items in a property disclosure statement which satisfies the
requirements of section 7304 (relating to disclosure form). A
signed and dated copy of the property disclosure statement shall
be delivered to the buyer in accordance with section 7305
(relating to delivery of disclosure form) prior to the signing
of an agreement of transfer by the seller and buyer with respect
to the property.
§ 7304. Disclosure form.
(a) General rule.--A form of property disclosure statement
that satisfies the requirements of this chapter shall be
promulgated by the State Real Estate Commission. Nothing in this
chapter shall preclude a seller from using a form of property
disclosure statement that contains additional provisions that
require greater specificity or that call for the disclosure of
the condition or existence of other features of the property.
(b) Contents of property disclosure statement.--The form of
property disclosure statement promulgated by the State Real
Estate Commission shall call for disclosures with respect to all
of the following subjects:
(1) Seller's expertise in contracting, engineering,
architecture or other areas related to the construction and
conditions of the property and its improvements.
(2) When the property was last occupied by the seller.
(3) Roof.
(4) Basements and crawl spaces.
(5) Termites/wood destroying insects, dry rot and pests.
(6) Structural problems.
(7) Additions, remodeling and structural changes to the
property.
(8) Water and sewage systems or service.
(9) Plumbing system.
(10) Heating and air conditioning.
(11) Electrical system.
(12) Other equipment and appliances included in the
sale.
(13) Soils, drainage and boundaries.
(14) Presence of hazardous substances.
(15) Condominiums and other homeowners associations.
(16) Legal issues affecting title or that would
interfere with use and enjoyment of the property.
(c) Transitional rule.--Until a form of property disclosure
statement has been promulgated by the commission, the form
prescribed under the act of July 2, 1996 (P.L.500, No.84), known
as the Real Estate Seller Disclosure Act, shall be deemed to be
the form contemplated under subsection (b).
§ 7305. Delivery of disclosure form.
(a) Method of delivery.--The seller shall deliver the
property disclosure statement to the buyer by personal delivery;
first class mail; certified mail, return receipt requested; or
facsimile transmission to the buyer or the buyer's agent.
(b) Parties to whom delivered.--For purposes of this
chapter, delivery to one prospective buyer or buyer's agent is
deemed delivery to all persons intending to take title as co-
tenants, joint tenants or as a tenant by the entireties with the
buyer. Receipt may be acknowledged on the statement, in an
agreement of transfer for the residential real property or shown
in any other verifiable manner.
§ 7306. Information unavailable to seller.
If at the time the disclosures are required to be made, an
item of information required to be disclosed is unknown or not
available to the seller, the seller may make a disclosure based
on the best information available to the seller.
§ 7307. Information subsequently rendered inaccurate.
If information disclosed in accordance with this chapter is
subsequently rendered inaccurate prior to final settlement as a
result of any act, occurrence or agreement subsequent to the
delivery of the required disclosures, the seller shall notify
the buyer of the inaccuracy.
§ 7308. Affirmative duty of seller.
The seller is not obligated by this chapter to make any
specific investigation or inquiry in an effort to complete the
property disclosure statement. In completing the property
disclosure statement, the seller shall not make any
representations that the seller or the agent for the seller
knows or has reason to know are false, deceptive or misleading
and shall not fail to disclose a known material defect.
§ 7309. Nonliability of seller.
(a) General rule.--A seller shall not be liable for any
error, inaccuracy or omission of any information delivered
pursuant to this chapter if:
(1) the seller had no knowledge of the error, inaccuracy
or omission;
(2) the error, inaccuracy or omission was based on a
reasonable belief that a material defect or other matter not
disclosed had been corrected; or
(3) the error, inaccuracy or omission was based on
information provided by a public agency, home inspector,
contractor or person registered or licensed under an act
referred to in section 7503(a) (relating to relationship to
other laws) about matters within the scope of the agency's
jurisdiction or such other person's occupation and the seller
had no knowledge of the error, inaccuracy or omission.
(b) Delivery of information by public agency.--The delivery
of any information required to be disclosed by this chapter to a
prospective buyer by a public agency or other person providing
information required to be disclosed under this chapter shall be
deemed to comply with the requirements of this chapter and shall
relieve the seller or the agent of the seller from any further
duty under this chapter with respect to that item of
information.
(c) Report by expert.--The delivery of a report or opinion
prepared by a home inspector, contractor or person registered or
licensed under an act referred to in section 7503(a) dealing
with matters within the scope of the person's registration,
license or expertise shall be sufficient compliance for
application of the exemption provided under subsection (a)(3) if
the information is provided to the prospective buyer in writing.
§ 7310. Nonliability of agent.
An agent of a seller or a buyer shall not be liable for any
violation of this chapter unless the agent had actual knowledge
of a material defect that was not disclosed to the buyer or of a
misrepresentation relating to a material defect.
§ 7311. Failure to comply.
(a) General rule.--A residential real estate transfer
subject to this chapter shall not be invalidated solely because
of the failure of any person to comply with any provision of
this chapter. However, any person who willfully or negligently
violates or fails to perform any duty prescribed by any
provision of this chapter shall be liable in the amount of
actual damages suffered by the buyer as a result of a violation
of this chapter. This subsection shall not be construed so as to
restrict or expand the authority of a court to impose punitive
damages or apply other remedies applicable under any other
provision of law.
(b) Statute of limitations.--An action for damages as a
result of a violation of this chapter must be commenced within
two years after the date of final settlement.
§ 7312. Amendment of disclosure.
Any disclosure made pursuant to this chapter may be amended
in writing by the seller prior to the signing of an agreement of
transfer by the seller and buyer.
§ 7313. Specification of items for disclosure no limitation on
other disclosure obligations.
(a) General rule.--The specification of items for disclosure
in this chapter or in any form of property disclosure statement
promulgated by the State Real Estate Commission does not limit
or abridge any obligation for disclosure created by any other
provision of law or that may exist in order to avoid fraud,
misrepresentation or deceit in the transaction.
(b) Responsibility of licensee.--Nothing in this chapter
shall abrogate or diminish the responsibility of a licensee
under the act of February 19, 1980 (P.L.15, No.9), known as the
Real Estate Licensing and Registration Act.
(c) Duty to provide form.--An agent representing a seller
must advise a seller of the seller's responsibilities under this
chapter and must provide the seller with a copy of the form of
property disclosure statement.
§ 7314. Cause of action.
A buyer shall not have a cause of action under this chapter
against the seller or the agent for either or both of the seller
or the buyer for:
(1) material defects to the property disclosed to the
buyer prior to the signing of an agreement of transfer by the
seller and buyer;
(2) material defects that develop after the signing of
the agreement of transfer by the seller and buyer; or
(3) material defects that occur after final settlement.
§ 7315. Preemption of local requirements.
(a) General rule.--Except as provided in subsection (b), a
municipality or local authority shall not have the power to
mandate that:
(1) a seller or an agent of either or both the seller
and the buyer make any particular disclosures to the buyer in
connection with a residential real estate transfer; or
(2) provisions on any particular subject be included in
an agreement of transfer.
(b) Exception.--Subsection (a) shall not apply to an
ordinance or regulation adopted by a municipality or local
authority before the effective date of this section, and such an
ordinance or regulation shall continue in full force and effect,
except that the municipality or local authority shall not have
the power after that date to amend the ordinance or regulation
in a manner that:
(1) imposes new or expanded disclosure requirements;
(2) increases the scope of any provision that must be
included in an agreement of transfer; or
(3) imposes new requirements on any agent, buyer or
seller involved in a residential real estate transfer.
CHAPTER 75
HOME INSPECTIONS
Sec.
7501. Short title of chapter.
7502. Definitions and index of definitions.
7503. Relationship to other laws.
7504. Duty of care of home inspectors.
7505. Consumer remedies.
7506. Required contractual provision regarding home
inspections.
7507. Contracts with home inspectors.
7508. Home inspection reports.
7509. Liability insurance.
7510. Reliance by buyer.
7511. Penalties.
7512. Statute of limitations.
§ 7501. Short title of chapter.
This chapter shall be known and may be cited as the Home
Inspection Law.
§ 7502. Definitions and index of definitions.
(a) Definitions.--The following words and phrases when used
in this chapter shall have the meanings given to them in this
section unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:
"Home inspection." A noninvasive visual examination of some
combination of the mechanical, electrical or plumbing systems or
the structural and essential components of a residential
dwelling designed to identify material defects in those systems
and components and performed for a fee in connection with or
preparation for a proposed or possible residential real estate
transfer. The term also includes any consultation regarding the
property that is represented to be a home inspection or that is
described by any confusingly similar term. The term does not
include an examination of a single system or component of a
residential dwelling such as, for example, its electrical or
plumbing system or its roof. The term also does not include an
examination that is limited to inspection for or of one or more
of the following: wood destroying insects, underground tanks and
wells, septic systems, swimming pools and spas, alarm systems,
air and water quality, tennis courts and playground equipment,
pollutants, toxic chemicals and environmental hazards.
"Home inspection report." A written report on the results of
a home inspection.
"Home inspector." An individual who performs a home
inspection.
"National home inspectors association." Any national
association of home inspectors that:
(1) Is operated on a not-for-profit basis and is not
operated as a franchise.
(2) Has members in more than ten states.
(3) Requires that a person may not become a full member
unless the person has performed or participated in more than
100 home inspections and has passed a recognized or
accredited examination testing knowledge of the proper
procedures for conducting a home inspection.
(4) Requires that its members comply with a code of
conduct and attend continuing professional education classes
as an ongoing condition of membership.
(b) Index of other definitions.--The following is a
nonexclusive list of other definitions applying to this chapter
and the sections in which they appear:
"Agent." Section 7102 (relating to definitions).
"Agreement of transfer." Section 7102 (relating to
definitions).
"Buyer." Section 7102 (relating to definitions).
"Material defect." Section 7102 (relating to definitions).
"Residential real estate transfer." Section 7103 (relating
to application of part).
"Seller." Section 7102 (relating to definitions).
§ 7503. Relationship to other laws.
(a) General rule.--Nothing in this chapter shall be
construed to allow a home inspector who is not registered or
licensed under one or more of the following laws to perform any
activity that would constitute the practice of the profession
regulated by that law:
(1) The act of May 23, 1945 (P.L.913, No.367), known as
the Engineer, Land Surveyor and Geologist Registration Law.
(2) The act of January 24, 1966 (1965 P.L.1535, No.537),
known as the Pennsylvania Sewage Facilities Act.
(3) The act of March 1, 1974 (P.L.90, No.24), known as
the Pennsylvania Pesticide Control Act of 1973.
(4) The act of December 14, 1982 (P.L.1227, No.281),
known as the Architects Licensure Law.
(5) The act of July 9, 1987 (P.L.238, No.43), known as
the Radon Certification Act.
(6) The act of July 10, 1990 (P.L.404, No.98), known as
the Real Estate Appraisers Certification Act.
(b) Exclusions.--This chapter shall not:
(1) Apply to a person registered or licensed under an
act referred to in subsection (a) when acting pursuant to his
registration or license.
(2) Apply to an officer or employee of a municipality or
local authority when acting in his official capacity.
(3) Affect the obligations or immunities of a person
licensed under the act of February 19, 1980 (P.L.15, No.9),
known as the Real Estate Licensing and Registration Act, that
are imposed or provided by that act or Chapter 73 (relating
to seller disclosures) when the person is acting pursuant to
his license.
(4) Affect the obligations or immunities of a person
certified under the Real Estate Appraisers Certification Act,
when the person is acting pursuant to the person's license.
§ 7504. Duty of care of home inspectors.
(a) General rule.--It is the duty of a home inspector to
conduct a home inspection with the degree of care that a
reasonably prudent home inspector would exercise.
(b) Standard.--In ascertaining the degree of care that would
be exercised by a reasonably prudent home inspector, the court
shall consider the standards of practice and codes of ethics of
national home inspector associations.
§ 7505. Consumer remedies.
(a) General rule.--The performance of a home inspection is a
service that is subject to the act of December 17, 1968
(P.L.1224, No.387), known as the Unfair Trade Practices and
Consumer Protection Law.
(b) Prohibited acts.--Any of the following acts engaged in
by a home inspector, an employer of a home inspector or another
business or person that controls or has a financial interest in
the employer of a home inspector shall be deemed to be an unfair
or deceptive act or practice as defined by section 2(4)(i)
through (xxi) of the Unfair Trade Practices and Consumer
Protection Law:
(1) Performing or offering to perform for an additional
fee any repairs to a structure with respect to which the home
inspector, the employer of the home inspector or such other
business or person has prepared a home inspection report
within the preceding 12 months, except that this paragraph
shall not apply to remediation for radon or wood destroying
insects.
(2) Inspecting for a fee any property in which the home
inspector, the employer of the home inspector or such other
business or person has any financial interest or any interest
in the transfer of the property, including without limitation
receipt of a commission as an agent, unless the financial
interest or interest in the transfer of the property is
disclosed in writing to the buyer before the home inspection
is performed and the buyer signs an acknowledgment of receipt
of the disclosure.
(3) Offering or delivering any commission, referral fee
or kickback to the seller of the inspected property or to an
agent for either or both of the seller and the buyer for the
referral of any business to the home inspector, the employer
of the home inspector or such other business or person.
(4) Accepting an engagement to perform a home inspection
or to prepare a home inspection report in which the
employment itself or the fee payable for the inspection is
contingent upon the conclusions in the report, preestablished
or prescribed findings or the closing of the transaction.
(c) Exception.--A home warranty company that is affiliated
with or retains the home inspector does not violate subsection
(b) if the home warranty company performs repairs pursuant to
claims made under a home warranty contract.
(d) Remedies.--In addition to any other remedies available
under the Unfair Trade Practices and Consumer Protection Law or
other applicable provision of law, the owner of a property on
which repairs are performed in violation of subsection (b)(1)
shall be entitled to a full refund of any moneys paid for those
repairs, and any promissory note or other obligation to pay
given to the person performing those repairs shall be void.
§ 7506. Required contractual provision regarding home
inspections.
A provision of an agreement of transfer regarding the right
of the buyer to obtain a home inspection report and providing
for the consequences, if any, shall provide that the home
inspection be performed by a full member in good standing of a
national home inspection association in accordance with the
ethical standards and code of conduct or practice of that
association. A home inspection performed by a person who has not
attained full membership in a national home inspection
association satisfies the requirements of this section if the
person is supervised by a full member in good standing of a
national home inspection association who agrees to be
responsible for the home inspection report by signing the
report.
§ 7507. Contracts with home inspectors.
(a) Prohibited provisions.--The following types of
provisions in a contract with a home inspector for the
performance of a home inspection are contrary to public policy
and shall be void:
(1) a limitation on the liability of the home inspector
for gross negligence or willful misconduct;
(2) a waiver or modification of any provision of this
chapter.
(b) Scope of inspection.--The scope of a home inspection,
the services to be performed and the systems and conditions to
be inspected or excluded from inspection may be defined by a
contract between the home inspector and the client.
§ 7508. Home inspection reports.
(a) Required contents.--A home inspection report must be in
writing and shall include:
(1) A description of the scope of the inspection,
including without limitation an identification of the
structural elements, systems and subsystems covered by the
report.
(2) A description of any material defects noted during
the inspection, along with any recommendation that certain
experts be retained to determine the extent of the defects
and any corrective action that should be taken. A "material
defect" as defined in section 7102 (relating to definitions)
that poses an unreasonable risk to people on the property
shall be conspicuously identified as such.
(3) The following statements, set forth conspicuously:
"A home inspection is intended to assist in
evaluation of the overall condition of the dwelling. The
inspection is based on observation of the visible and
apparent condition of the structure and its components on
the date of inspection."
"The results of this home inspection are not intended
to make any representation regarding the presence or
absence of latent or concealed defects that are not
reasonably ascertainable in a competently performed home
inspection. No warranty or guaranty is expressed or
implied."
"If the person conducting your home inspection is not
a licensed structural engineer or other professional
whose license authorizes the rendering of an opinion as
to the structural integrity of a building or its other
component parts, you may be advised to seek a
professional opinion as to any defects or concerns
mentioned in the report."
"This home inspection report is not to be construed
as an appraisal and may not be used as such for any
purpose."
(b) Confidentiality.--Except as otherwise required by law, a
home inspector shall not deliver a home inspection report to any
person other than the client of the home inspector without the
client's consent. The seller shall have the right, upon request,
to receive without charge a copy of a home inspection report
from the person for whom it was prepared.
(c) Repair estimates prohibited.--A home inspector shall not
express either orally or in writing an estimate of the cost to
repair any defect found during a home inspection, except that
such an estimate may be included in a home inspection report if:
(1) the report identifies the source of the estimate;
(2) the estimate is stated as a range of costs; and
(3) the report states that the parties should consider
obtaining an estimate from a contractor who performs the type
of repair involved.
§ 7509. Liability insurance.
(a) Required insurance.--A home inspector shall maintain
insurance against errors and omissions in the performance of a
home inspection and general liability, with coverages of not
less than $100,000 per occurrence and $500,000 in the aggregate
and with deductibles of not more than $2,500.
(b) Term.--
(1) Except as set forth in paragraph (2), a home
inspector shall maintain insurance under subsection (a) for
at least one year after the latest home inspection report the
home inspector delivers.
(2) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to a home inspection
report that was delivered prior to the effective date of this
section.
§ 7510. Reliance by buyer.
A buyer shall be entitled to rely in good faith, without
independent investigation, on a written representation by a home
inspector that the home inspector is a full member in good
standing of a national home inspection association.
§ 7511. Penalties.
(a) Criminal penalty.--A person who violates section 7509
(relating to liability insurance) or who provides a false
representation under section 7510 (relating to reliance by
buyer) commits a summary offense and, upon conviction thereof
for a first offense, shall be sentenced to pay a fine not
exceeding $500 or to imprisonment for not more than three
months, or both, and for a second or subsequent offense commits
a misdemeanor of the third degree and, upon conviction thereof,
shall be sentenced to pay a fine of not less than $2,000 but not
more than $5,000 or to imprisonment for not less than one year
but not more than two years, or both.
(b) Fine.--A person who violates any provision of section
7508 (relating to home inspection reports) shall, upon
conviction in a summary proceeding before a district justice, be
sentenced to pay a fine not exceeding $500.
§ 7512. Statute of limitations.
An action to recover damages arising from a home inspection
report must be commenced within one year after the date the
report is delivered.
Section 2. The act of July 2, 1996 (P.L.500, No.84), known
as the Real Estate Seller Disclosure Act, is repealed.
Section 3. This act shall take effect in one year.
APPROVED--The 20th day of December, A. D. 2000.
THOMAS J. RIDGE
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