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Recusal and hearing rules in lawyer disciplinary proceedings

AGVE_2002_98Tribunal administratif / 1re chambre31 déc. 2002Other

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Extrait par Omnilex

Résumé Omnilex

The Verwaltungsgericht addressed three procedural questions in a lawyer-disciplinary matter. It held that even an allegedly unenforceable or void AGVA decision may be reviewed for practical reasons so that the defect can be noted in the operative part. It further held that Obergericht judges who belong to the Anwaltskommission need not recuse themselves merely because the Obergericht lodged a complaint, provided they were not directly involved, and that an attorney-commission member is not disqualified solely because he practices in the same town as the accused lawyer. Finally, the court stressed that essential evidence may not be gathered only by telephone and that all decisive matters must be recorded in the file; serious violations of the right to be heard generally justify remittal.

Regeste Omnilex

Right to be heard and recusal in attorney-disciplinary proceedings; practical admissibility of review against allegedly void or unenforceable decisions. Even where an appealed act is said to be void and thus strictly lacks an appealable object, review may be admitted for practical reasons in order to enter a declaratory statement into the operative part. Membership in a disciplinary or professional commission does not in itself require recusal of judges or lawyers who were not directly involved in the relevant filing or conduct; mere practice at the same locality as the accused lawyer is not a disqualifying circumstance. Essential evidence must be taken and preserved in a manner compatible with Art. 29 BV; decisive facts may not be collected solely by telephone, and all material procedural steps and evidence must be documented in the file. A clear violation of the right to be heard normally leads to remittal, subject to recognized exceptions.

Texte intégral

414Verwaltungsgericht2002 gebilligt werden, dass der von ihm angefochtene Entscheid der AGVA nicht vollstreckungsfähig ist. Analog wird - aus praktischen Gründen - bei behauptungsweise nichtigen Verfügungen vorgegangen, obwohl es dort bei bejahter Nichtigkeit streng logisch an einem Anfechtungsobjekt fehlt (vgl. BGE 115 Ia 4; AGVE 1981, S. 147; VGE III/76 vom 4. Juni 1999 [BE.97.00279] in Sachen S. AG, S. 4; VGE II/100 vom 26. Oktober 1999 [BE.99.00029] in Sachen S., S. 9 f.; Merker, a.a.O., § 38 N 14). Insoweit ist auf die Beschwerde einzutreten und eine entsprechende Feststellung in das Dispositiv aufzunehmen. 97 Ausstand.

  • Bei einer Anzeige durch das Obergericht müssen Oberrichter, die der Anwaltskommission angehören, nicht in den Ausstand treten, wenn sie an der Anzeige nicht direkt beteiligt waren (Erw. 1/b,c). vgl. AGVE 2002 86 366 98 Ausstand.
  • Dass ein der Anwaltskommission angehörender Anwalt am gleichen Ort praktiziert wie der beschuldigte Anwalt, ist kein Ablehnungsgrund. vgl. AGVE 2002 87 373 99 Rechtliches Gehör. Beweiserhebung. Aktenführung. -Wesentliche Beweise dürfen nicht bloss telefonisch eingeholt werden (Erw. II/1/a,c). -Pflicht der Behörde, alles Wesentliche in den Akten festzuhalten (Erw. II/1/b). -Rückweisung bei klarer Verletzung des Anspruchs auf rechtliches Gehör; Ausnahmen (Erw. II/1/d).

Mots-clés

administrative procedurerecusalright to be heardevidence takingfile keepingdisciplinary proceedings

Extrait par Omnilex

Questions juridiques clés extraites par Omnilex

Question juridique clé

Whether the appealed AGVA decision could be challenged despite allegedly being unenforceable or void.

Solution extraite

A complaint may be entertained for practical reasons even where the challenged decision is said to be unenforceable or void, and a corresponding declaration may be entered into the operative part.

Motifs extraits

The court followed its practical approach for allegedly void acts: although strict logic would lack an appealable object, access to review is still granted where this is necessary to record the defect in the dispositif.

Question juridique clé

Whether Obergericht judges who belong to the Anwaltskommission had to recuse themselves because the Obergericht filed a complaint.

Solution extraite

No recusal is required if the judges were not directly involved in the filing of the complaint.

Motifs extraits

Membership in the Anwaltskommission alone does not create an appearance of bias when the judges did not personally participate in the relevant report or complaint.

Question juridique clé

Whether an attorney who sits on the Anwaltskommission must recuse because he practices in the same town as the accused lawyer.

Solution extraite

No; merely practicing in the same locality is not a ground for recusal.

Motifs extraits

The decision states that shared place of practice, without more, does not justify an appearance of partiality.

Question juridique clé

Whether the authority violated the right to be heard by taking essential evidence only by telephone and failing to record all decisive matters in the file.

Solution extraite

Essential evidence must not be obtained merely by telephone, and the authority must record all material matters in the record; a clear violation of the right to be heard generally requires remittal, subject to exceptions.

Motifs extraits

The court emphasized proper evidentiary administration and file keeping as elements of procedural fairness, and held that a serious hearing violation normally leads to remand.

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