Question juridique clé
Whether the absence of transcription of the parties' declarations at the first-instance hearing violated the right to be heard and Article 13 ECHR.
Solution extraite
The challenged Vaud procedure was not unconstitutional as such; a party may request transcription of essential statements and challenge a refusal. In this case, no violation occurred because the alleged statements were ultimately irrelevant to the outcome.
Motifs extraits
The court held that the right to be heard is satisfied when the accused can request transcription incidentally and seek review of a refusal. Although the system is problematic for unrepresented defendants, the appellant suffered no prejudice here because the lower courts did not disregard his explanations; they considered them but found them unconvincing and immaterial.