Question juridique clé
Whether the Federal Administrative Court judges had to recuse themselves because they had participated in an earlier related VAT judgment
Solution extraite
Prior participation in an earlier case and disagreement with its outcome do not, by themselves, create an objective appearance of bias.
Motifs extraits
Art. 34(2) BGG excludes recusal based solely on participation in a previous federal case. The earlier case concerned a different concrete matter, the present case was not predetermined, and judges may objectively assess new, slightly different facts and arguments.