Question juridique clé
Whether X. SA was bound by A.’s acts in concluding the brokerage/insurance-renewal arrangement with the bank.
Solution extraite
X. SA was bound because it had at least ratified A.’s acts, including by silence, after the first renewal year and by allowing the premium to be paid to its account.
Motifs extraits
The Court held that A. clearly acted in X. SA’s name: all correspondence used the company letterhead and the funds were paid to its account. Even if A. lacked registered collective-signature authority, direct representation could arise under the general rules. For the second year, X. SA’s participation, the counter-signature by B., and the commission split showed ratification. For the third year, the continuation of the same scheme, the company’s benefit from commission, and its lack of protest after the payment allowed ratification to be inferred from silence under Art. 38 CO.