Question juridique clé
Whether the Dutch default judgment could be recognized under Article 27 No. 2 CL despite the service of process on Iraq.
Solution extraite
No. The court held that the initiating writ was not regularly notified to the defaulting State and recognition was therefore excluded.
Motifs extraits
The Iraqi State was not shown to have received service by diplomatic channel, which the court considered necessary. Service on Rafidain Bank did not amount to service on Iraq because the bank was a separate legal entity and no authority to represent the State was established.