Question juridique clé
Whether the architect’s services were presumed to be remunerated under a contract for work and labor.
Solution extraite
The architect could reasonably understand the owners’ conduct as acceptance of paid services; the work was not shown to be gratuitous.
Motifs extraits
The owners initiated the project, signed a business plan mentioning estimated architect fees, let the architect develop plans and permit documents, and did not object to remuneration. Under the trust principle, this signaled an onerosity expectation.